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This book theorizes the ways in which states that are presumed to be weaker in the international system use the International Criminal Court (ICC) to advance their security and political interests. Ultimately, it contends that African states have managed to instrumentally and strategically use the international justice system to their advantage, a theoretical framework that challenges the "justice cascade" argument. The empirical work of this study focuses on four major themes around the intersection of power, states' interests, and the global governance of atrocity crimes: firstly, the strategic use of self-referrals to the ICC; secondly, complementarity between national and the international justice system; thirdly, the limits of state cooperation with international courts; and finally the use of international courts in domestic political conflicts. This book is valuable to students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in international relations, international criminal justice, peace and conflict studies, human rights, and African politics.

Abstract
In adopting the Malabo Protocol and creating the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, the African Union has established the first ever regional court with international criminal jurisdiction. This milestone signals once again, the role of African institutions in creating and developing norms in international politics. Yet, both International Relations (IR) theories and debates and official narratives of the historiography of the international legal order tend to omit the sustained contributions of African states and institutions. Echoes of the African Union (AU)'s efforts to define and codify crimes that are of concern to its constituents can be found in the African states' interventions at the International Law Commission during the 1980s and the negotiations that lead to the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the 1990s. This article argues that beyond the critique and skepticism about the Malabo Protocol and the AU's agenda, there is a sustained vision and trajectory that underlies African agency in norms creation and attempts to usher in an international legal order that speaks more directly and equitably to the concerns of the continent. Ultimately, I propose a genealogy of those Pan-African visions for an embedded international justice system that provides a fundamental corrective to the Nuremberg to The Hague narrative.

This book theorizes the ways in which states that are presumed to be weaker in the international system use the International Criminal Court (ICC) to advance their security and political interests. Ultimately, it contends that African states have managed to instrumentally and strategically use the international justice system to their advantage, a theoretical framework that challenges the "justice cascade" argument. The empirical work of this study focuses on four major themes around the intersection of power, states' interests, and the global governance of atrocity crimes: firstly, the strategic use of self-referrals to the ICC; secondly, complementarity between national and the international justice system; thirdly, the limits of state cooperation with international courts; and finally the use of international courts in domestic political conflicts.

This book theorizes the ways in which states that are presumed to be weaker in the international system use the International Criminal Court (ICC) to advance their security and political interests. Ultimately, it contends that African states have managed to instrumentally and strategically use the international justice system to their advantage, a theoretical framework that challenges the "justice cascade" argument. The empirical work of this study focuses on four major themes around the intersection of power, states' interests, and the global governance of atrocity crimes: firstly, the strategic use of self-referrals to the ICC; secondly, complementarity between national and the international justice system; thirdly, the limits of state cooperation with international courts; and finally the use of international courts in domestic political conflicts. This book is valuable to students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in international relations, international criminal justice, peace and conflict studies, human rights, and African politics.