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This book presents in translation writings by six medieval philosophers which bear on the subject of conscience. Conscience, which can be considered both as a topic in the philosophy of mind and a topic in ethics, has been unduly neglected in modern philosophy, where a prevailing belief in the autonomy of ethics leaves it no natural place. It was, however, a standard subject for a treatise in medieval philosophy. Three introductory translations here, from Jerome, Augustine and Peter Lombard, present the loci classici on which subsequent discussions drew; there follows the first complete treatise on conscience, by Philip the Chancellor, while the two remaining translations, from Bonaventure and Aquinas, have been chosen as outstanding examples of the two main approaches which crystallised during the thirteenth century

This book presents a new, contemporary introduction to medieval philosophy as it was practiced in all its variety in Western Europe and the Near East. It assumes only a minimal familiarity with philosophy, the sort that an undergraduate introduction to philosophy might provide, and it is arranged topically around questions and themes that will appeal to a contemporary audience. In addition to some of the perennial questions posed by philosophers, such as "Can we know anything, and if so, what?", "What is the fundamental nature of reality?", and "What does human flourishing consist in?", this volume looks at what medieval thinkers had to say, for instance,about our obligations towards animals and the environment, freedom of speech, and how best to organize ourselves politically. The book examines certain aspects of the thought of several well-known medieval figures, but it also introduces students to many important, yet underappreciated figures and traditions. It includes guidance for how to read medieval texts, provokes reflection through a series of study questions at the end of each chapter, and gives pointers for where interested readers can continue their exploration of medieval philosophy and medieval thought more generally. Key Features Covers the contributions of women to medieval philosophy, providing students with a fuller understanding of who did philosophy during the Middle Ages Includes a focus on certain topics that are usually ignored, such as animal rights, love, and political philosophy, providing students with a fuller range of interests that medieval philosophers had Gives space to non-Aristotelian forms of medieval thought Includes useful features for student readers like study questions and suggestions for further reading in each chapter

Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy showcases the best new scholarly work on philosophy from the end of antiquity into the Renaissance. OSMP combines historical scholarship with philosophical acuteness, and will be an essential resource for anyone working in the area.

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: Plato and Aristotle -- Human Nature and Legal Norms: Antiphon the Sophist as Anonymous Target in Plato's Republic IX -- Natural Born Philosophers -- Normative Naturalism in Aristotle's Political Philosophy? -- Whose State? Whose Nature? How Aristotle's Polis is 'Natural' -- Aristotle on Freedom, Nature, and Law -- Aristotle on the Rationality of Women: Consequences for Virtue and Practical Accountability -- Part II: Hellenistic Philosophy -- Cynic Origins of the Stoic Doctrine of Natural Law? -- The Normativity of Nature in Epicurean Ethics and Politics -- Nature and Psychology in Cicero's Republic -- Unnatural Law: A Ciceronian Perspective -- Natural Law and Casuistic Reasoning in Roman Jurisprudence -- Part III: Late Antiquity -- Human Nature and Normativity in Plotinus -- On Justice in Porphyry's On Abstinence -- Early Christian Philosophers on Society and Political Norms -- Part IV: Medieval Philosophy -- Against Nature: Two Critics of Naturalism in the Islamic World -- "Like Ants in a Colony We Do Our Share": Political Animals in Medieval Philosophy -- Ockham on Human Freedom and the Nature and Origin of Lordship -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects

"The Early Heidegger and Medieval Philosophy is a major interpretive study of Heidegger's complex relationship to medieval philosophy. S.J. McGrath's contribution is historical and biographical as well as philosophical, examining how the enthusiastic defender of the Aristotelian-Scholastic tradition became the great destroyer of metaphysical theology. This book provides an informative and comprehensive examination of Heidegger's changing approach to medieval sources - from the seminary studies of Bonaventure to the famous phenomenological destructions of medieval ontology."--Jacket