Suchergebnisse

The article considers one of the most controversial problems of modern law which is the provision of integrity of precedents by means of official recognition of precedent character of legal position of higher courts. On the basis of legal positions of Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation the author comes to the conclusion, that in terms of society and state reforming, imperfection of legislation, legal positions stated by higher judicial authorities fulfills the function of a regulator of public relations and provide their stability at the same time. ; В статье рассматривается одна из наиболее дискуссионных проблем современной юриспруденции – обеспечение единства судебной практики посредством официального признания прецедентного характера правовых позиций «высших» судов. На примере правовых позиций Высшего Арбитражного Суда РФ автор приходит к выводу, что в условиях реформирования государства и общества, несовершенства законодательства правовые позиции, сформулированные высшим судебным органом, выполняют функцию регулятора общественных отношений и одновременно обеспечивают их стабильность.

The article examines the current state of digital infrastructure in the Russian Federation, its accessibility and importance. It analyzes how the introduction of digital technologies can improve the interaction between citizens and courts, as well as the conditions for doing business. Such concepts as "electronic document flow", "electronic document image", "electronic document", "electronic signature", "video-conference", "web-conference", "machine-readable power of attorney", "product traceability", "digital labeling" are analyzed. The concepts of "electronic signature" and "machine-readable power of attorney" and the process of working with them are dealt with. It explains how the use of electronic document management allows to reduce the costs that businesses incur when concluding transactions, and how the state can use electronic document management to improve interaction with Arbitration courts. Comparison is made between web conferencing and video conferencing systems. The concepts of "digital labeling" and "product traceability" are considered, their differences and possible impact on the economy of the Russian Federation are analyzed, in particular, their significance for combating "gray schemes" of imported goods and ensuring transparency of business processes. The conclusions of the article provide statistics and prospects for the development of digital technologies in the judicial system.

Проводится сопоставление предполагаемых изменений в ст. 428 ГК РФ и толкования, данного ВАС РФ по вопросу применения данной нормы. Выявляются общие подходы к дальнейшему развитию регулирования договора присоединения. Обозначаются различия в позиции законодателя и правоприменителя относительно возможных способов защиты прав стороны, присоединившейся к невыгодному для нее договору. Оцениваются их эффективность и значимость. ; The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of contracts of adhesion and provides the analysis of changes in Article 428 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (CC of RF) in the draft CC of RF as amended. The author: examines the rules of the draft on the removal of restrictions imposed on the subjects of entrepreneurial activity using some special methods of the rights protection (changing, termination of contracts) when the contract of adhesion is concluded; considers the provisions of changes in the CC of RF about the time of legal consequences after the changing or termination of the contract of adhesion and the establishment of a general rule on their retroactivity. The author has some doubts about the practicability of applying the consequences of the termination of the contract of adhesion as soon as it has been concluded and proposes to consider such contracts invalid. The provisions of changes in the CC of RF are compared with the interpretation of the rules of Article 428 of the CC of RF as amended (was proposed by the Highest Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation in Item 2 of the Informational Letter № 147 dated 13.09.2011 and Item 9 of the Ruling of the Plenum of the Highest Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation №16 dated 14. 03.2014. It has been noted that the rules of draft changes of the CC of RF often coincide with the interpretation of current legislation. The author states that sometimes the explanations of the Highest Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation are essentially different from the proposed changes to Article 428 of the CC of RF, especially if they are connected with the ways for protecting the weak party to a contract. The author sets some prerequisites and estimates the effectiveness of the proposals of the Highest Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation to increase the number of ways for protecting the weak party to a contract. She agrees with the proposal of the Highest Arbitration Court to use the institution of the abuse of rights and invalidation as ways for protecting a weak party to the contract of adhesion. The author concludes that a proposal of the Highest Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation to increase the number of ways for protecting a weak party to the contract of adhesion corresponds to the public needs much more than the proposed changes in Article 428 of the draft Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, it is necessary to improve the rules of the above Article.