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Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) - often seen as the fastest growing sector on the post-Cold War diplomatic agenda - are increasingly viewed by the international community as useful instruments for addressing a range of security and diplomatic issues. Rethinking Confidence-Building Measures warns against an uncritical pursuit of CBMs, arguing that the idea has been oversold. The author asserts that obstacles to meaningful agreements are much more important than usually acknowledged, and the political and military ramifications have been generally ignored. She concludes that the same effort

AbstractAttempts to resolve disputes often fail where the parties do not trust one another to negotiate fairly, nor to carry out any agreements that are reached. In international conflict resolution, mediators have successfully employed confidence‐building measures (CBMs) to deescalate conflicts between states. Based on published research and on their own empirical experience, the authors suggest that CBMs could also be applied in other spheres of mediation, and describe some useful CBMs. Mediators who build goodwill effectively at the start of the process will be more likely to see disputes resolved and commitments kept.

SINCE THE 1975 HELSINKI CONFERENCE WHEN CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES EMERGED AS A SERIOUS ISSUE, OVER 60 CBM HAVE BEEN PROPOSED IN ARMS CONTROL CONFERENCES. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON THE CONCEPT OF ROLE OF CBM, WHICH ARE LISTED COMPREHENSIVELY, AND ANALYZES 12 OF THEM AS SERIOUS CONTENDERS FOR ADOPTION AT THE FORTHCOMING CSCE REVIEW CONFERENCE IN MADRID.

This article addresses the current emphasis on confidence building measures (CBMs) as a tool to mitigate the risk of conflict stemming from information communications technologies (ICT). It discusses the origins of CBMs and the reasons for their gradual uptake during and after the Cold War. As ICT too, became a source of contention in inter-state relations, CBMs came to be viewed as an important enabler of international stability, alongside norms of behaviour and existing international law. Focusing specifically on the work of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), this article discusses how CBMs are defined and applied to conflict involving ICT. Building on four core assumptions, the article assesses whether the current environment is conducive to realising the potential of CBMs in enhancing stability in cyberspace.

Despite the fact that a long-term solution to the extended displacement of Sahrawi refugees still seems far off, there is at least now an opportunity for some Sahrawi families to be briefly reunited. Adapted from the source document.

Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) were pioneered in Europe at the height of the Cold War. The immediate goal of such measures is to create enough trust between parties in international conflicts to avoid mutually unfavourable-sometimes dangerous-outcomes due to misunderstandings.