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"Administrative Traditions: Concepts and Variables" published on by Oxford University Press.

This text examines contemporary public administration and its historical roots, and how those traditions continue to influence administrative behaviour.

Even though Germany and Poland are neighbours that are bound together by a joint European tradition and have much in common in their public law systems, they may fundamentally differ on certain legal issues. In comparative law, diversity is not a term of abuse. For many years, there has been a lively debate in Polish-German comparative law, above all in the field of administrative law. This book presents a selection of papers dealing with topics in administrative law and administrative sciences. These papers were presented by scholars and doctoral students from Poland and Germany at a bilateral symposium under the headline 'Administrative Traditions in Poland and Germany: Similarities and Differences', which took place at the Berlin School of Economics and Law.

The purpose of this paper is to show that the administration of a modern welfare state is a complex thing. The statemeets the challenge of the "trilemma". Social policy formation does fundamentally relay on the outcome of the debateabout the future of the European welfare state. From the perspective of the political-economic approach, social policyformation is a dependent variable to both European integration policy and national administrative traditions. However,the national state does not act in a sovereign manner neither in relation to the European Union (EU) nor to domesticmember actors. All of them confronted with a so-called "trilemma" aspect, a term first introduced by the US socialscientist Torben Iversen (2005). In this paper, I follow up his analysis and shows the difficult choices that confrontspolicy-makers on the different administrative levels because of this trilemma and its trade-offs. New PublicManagement ideas are dominant and for the time being confront the other ruling administrative social traditions ofWestern Europe. In this paper, I conclude that a European agreement on a social choice, related to the overcome oftrilemma, must be accomplished to save the welfare state model as we know it. The traditional Nordic welfare statemodel gives an example.

Argues that a central problem for effective implementation of European legislation is the impact of national administrative traditions, since the formal & practical transformation of European Union (EU) law rests mainly at the national level. The interplay of national administrative traditions & EU policy implementation is described, noting that national administrative traditions prevalent in a policy field may differ from country to country. It is argued that implementation effectiveness depends on the "institutional scope" of EU adaptation pressure, which is not only affected by broad European requirements, but also by the embeddedness of the respective administrative traditions & national capacities for administrative reform. According to the degrees of adaptation pressure, different paths are distinguished, suggesting more or less effective implementation. 1 Table, 44 References. Adapted from the source document.

The main purpose of this paper is understanding public administration formation and change in Spain. Its development before and since the years of Franco from 1939 to 1975, is noticeably path dependent in nature. As this paper will show, the foundations were laid before the Franco regime. Then came a period of political domination of the bureaucracy and the emergence of a key structural element of Spanish administration, the special corps. The paper covers the period of political transition, democratic consolidation, and the many processes of administrative reforms. These include the reforms of the Spanish civil service as well as the deep processes of reform.