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eTwinning is an innovative European program that strengthens lifelong learning and the main purpose of which is the networking of schools with the help of new technologies. It is an initiative of the European Commission to strengthen the collaborative distance learning and the implementation of new innovative instructional methods. Through literature review, this article explores the contribution of the eTwinning project to the cultivation of basic skills, which the European Parliament identifies as keys to an individual's lifelong learning. Mathematics are included in these skills. It is an attempt to show the schools' potential to cultivate the students' European identity and European skills, such as cooperation and respect for the perceptions and culture of other people. It is also a case study aimed at exploring the cognitive, creative, cooperative and technological dimensions of an eTwinning action, as well as the attitude of 18 students towards the distance learning action, which they participated in. Τhe subject of the eTwinning practice combines mathematical concepts applied in real context. ; eTwinning is an innovative European program that strengthens lifelong learning and the main purpose of which is the networking of schools with the help of new technologies. It is an initiative of the European Commission to strengthen the collaborative distance learning and the implementation of new innovative instructional methods. Through literature review, this article explores the contribution of the eTwinning project to the cultivation of basic skills, which the European Parliament identifies as keys to an individual's lifelong learning. Mathematics are included in these skills. It is an attempt to show the schools' potential to cultivate the students' European identity and European skills, such as cooperation and respect for the perceptions and culture of other people. It is also a case study aimed at exploring the cognitive, creative, cooperative and technological dimensions of an eTwinning action, as well as the attitude of 18 students towards the distance learning action, which they participated in. Τhe subject of the eTwinning practice combines mathematical concepts applied in real context.

Η ευρωπαϊκή εξωτερική πολιτική προσδιορίζεται ως ένα σύστημα εξωτερικών σχέσεων, στο πλαίσιο του οποίου οι εθνικοί δρώντες αναπτύσσουν, άλλοτε από κοινού και άλλοτε χωριστά, διεθνείς δράσεις. Πρόκειται για ένα σύστημα «ανοιχτό», ένα σύστημα, δηλαδή, το οποίο μεταβάλλεται διαρκώς. Μέσα από την προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση της ευρωπαϊκής εξωτερικής πολιτικής, η περιγραφή και ερμηνεία των αλλαγών στο σύστημα αυτό συνδέονται με τη μάθηση. Με τη σύνθεση των διαφορετικών προσεγγίσεων της έννοιας αυτής, επιχειρείται η ανάδειξη νέων ερωτημάτων για τη συγκεκριμένη πολιτική τα οποία δύνανται να εμπλουτίσουν τη μέχρι σήμερα μελέτη του φαινομένου.

Τα τεχνητά νευρωνικά δίκτυα είναι ένας επιστημονικός τομέας, ο οποίος έχει αναπτυχθεί σταδιακά με τα χρόνια και έχει υιοθετηθεί σε πολυάριθμα πεδία μελέτης λόγω της ικανότητάς του να επεξεργάζεται και να ανακαλύπτει μοτίβα από ακατέργαστα δεδομένα. Ο στόχος ενός μοντέλου νευρωνικών δικτύων είναι η επίλυση υπολογιστικών προβλημάτων, χρησιμοποιώντας διαφορετικές τεχνικές και μαθηματικές διαδικασίες. Ένα τέτοιο πρόβλημα είναι η ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση, ένα ζήτημα που γίνεται ολοένα και πιο σοβαρό για την υγεία του ευρύτερου κοινού. Οι κυβερνήσεις και οι πολίτες απαιτούν έναν τρόπο να γνωρίζουν εκ των προτέρων μια εικόνα για το πώς θα είναι η ποιότητα του αέρα με σκοπό να πάρουν τη πρωτοβουλία και να ενεργήσουν ανάλογα. Στόχος αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός μοντέλου νευρωνικών δικτύων που θα λαμβάνει ως είσοδο ιστορικά δεδομένα της ατμόσφαιρας και θα μπορεί να προβλέψει τις μελλοντικές τιμές των ρύπων που επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα του αέρα. Η υλοποίηση θα πραγματοποιηθεί με τη γλώσσα προγραμματισμού Python και τη χρήση βιβλιοθηκών που αναπτύχθηκαν για μηχανική μάθηση. Στο πλαίσιο της διπλωματικής εργασίας μελετήθηκαν 6 ερευνητικές εργασίες για τα διαφορετικά είδη μοντέλων νευρωνικών δικτύων πάνω σε δεδομένα που σχετίζονται με την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση και την πρόβλεψη χρονοσειρών. Επιπλέον, αναπτύχθηκαν πολλαπλοί διαφορετικοί τύποι νευρωνικών δικτύων προκειμένου να πραγματοποιηθεί η τελική αρχιτεκτονική του προτεινόμενου μοντέλου. Ακόμα, διεξήχθη πειραματισμοί για τον προσδιορισμό των καλύτερων παραμέτρων για το μοντέλο και αξιολογήθηκε τόσο για την απόδοση και την ακρίβειά του όσο και για τη γενίκευσή του σε περισσότερες από μία τοποθεσίες σε όλο τον κόσμο. ; Artificial Neural Networks is a scientific area, that has developed incrementally over the years and has been adopted to numerous fields of study due to its ability to process and discover patterns from raw data. The goal of a neural network model is to solve computational problems using different techniques and mathematical processes. One such problem is air pollution, an issue that is becoming more and more severe for the health of the general public. Governments and individuals require a way to know ahead of time and have an insight into how the quality of the air will be. That helps them take the initiative and act accordingly. The goal of this thesis is to develop a neural network model that will take as inputs historical data of the atmosphere, and it will be able to predict the future values of the pollutants that affect the quality of air. The implementation will be accomplished with the programming language Python and the usage of libraries that were developed for machine learning. In the context of the master thesis, 6 research papers were studied for the different types of neural network models on data related to air pollution and time series forecasting. Furthermore, multiple different types of neural networks were developed in order to realize the final architecture of the proposed model. In addition, plentiful experimentation was conducted to determine the best hyperparameters for the model and was assessed both for its performance and accuracy but also for its generalization to more than one location around the globe.

Lifelong Learning is an expanded field of science, encompassing those activities by which people learn in a systematic and organised way and acquire new skills and attitudes. This new area of learning activities started to emerge in Europe and the United States in the middle of the last century. In Greece, the development of Lifelong Learning is directly linked to developments that have taken place and are taking place at economic, political and social level. In this Communication, we focus on the main historical scenes of this development, focusing on the perspective it has in the European context. Towards 2020, Europe's strategy in the field of Lifelong Learning aims at sustainable and inclusive growth in which education has to play a leading role again. The rapid changes, signalling the modern era in areas such as technology, society and the environment, highlight the urgent need for people to acquire specialised knowledge and skills in order to meet the continuous and growing demands of their personal and working lives. ; Η Διά Βίου Μάθηση συνιστά ένα διευρυμένο επιστημονικό πεδίο, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει τις δραστηριότητες εκείνες, με τις οποίες άνθρωποι μαθαίνουν με τρόπο συστηματικό και οργανωμένο γνώσεις και αποκτούν νέες δεξιότητες και στάσεις. Το νέο αυτό πεδίο μαθησιακών δραστηριοτήτων άρχισε να εμφανίζεται στην Ευρώπη και στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες στα μέσα του περασμένου αιώνα. Στην Ελλάδα η εξέλιξη της Διά Βίου Μάθησης συναρτάται άμεσα με τις εξελίξεις, οι οποίες συντελέστηκαν και συντελούνται σε οικονομικό, πολιτικό και κοινωνικό επίπεδο. Στην παρούσα ανακοίνωση εστιάζουμε την προσοχή μας στους βασικούς ιστορικούς σταθμούς της εξέλιξης αυτής, επικεντρώνοντας το ενδιαφέρον μας στην προοπτική που έχει στο ευρωπαϊκό πλαίσιο. Με χρονικό ορίζοντα το 2020 η στρατηγική της Ευρώπης στο πεδίο της Διά Βίου Μάθησης στοχεύει σε μια βιώσιμη και χωρίς αποκλεισμούς ανάπτυξη για την επίτευξη της οποίας η εκπαίδευση καλείται να διαδραματίσει και πάλι πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο. Οι ραγδαίες αλλαγές, οι οποίες σηματοδοτούν τη ...

Project supported by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund) through the Operational Programme "Human Resources Development, Education, and Lifelong Learning 2014–2020" in the Context of the Project "Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research–2nd Cycle" (No. MIS 5000432) ; Έργο με συγχρηματοδότηση από την Ελλάδα και την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) στα πλαίσια του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Ανάπτυξη Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού, Εκπαίδευση και Δια βίου Μάθηση 2014-2020», Πράξη «Ενίσχυση του ανθρώπινου ερευνητικού δυναμικού μέσω της υλοποίησης διδακτορικής έρευνας - 2ος κύκλος» (MIS 5000432) ; Summarization: The vibrations induced by the passage of high-speed trains (HSTs) are considered a crucial issue in the field of environmental and geotechnical engineering. Several wave barriers have been investigated to reduce the detrimental effects of HST-induced vibrations. This study is focused on the potential implementation of an innovative mitigation technique to alleviate the developed vibrations. In particular, the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) blocks as partial fill material of embankment slopes was examined. The efficiency of the proposed mitigation technique was numerically investigated. More specifically, a 3D soil-track model was developed to study the cross-section of a railway track, embankment, and the underlying soil layers. The passage of the HST, Thalys, was simulated using a moving load method, and the soil response was calculated at several distances from the track. Several parameters influenced the effectiveness of the examined mitigation measure. Therefore, to ensure an optimal design, a robust procedure is necessary which considers the impact of these factors. Hence, the implementation of EPS blocks on several embankments with different geometry, in terms of height and slope angle, was investigated. ; Presented on: Journal of Zhejiang University Science A

This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project "Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research" (MIS-5000432), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (IKY). ; Η έρευνα συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ελλάδα και την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο - ΕΚΤ) στα πλαίσια του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Ανάπτυξη Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού, Εκπαίδευση και Δια βίου Μάθηση» Πράξη «Ενίσχυση του ανθρώπινου ερευνητικού δυναμικού μέσω της υλοποίησης διδακτορικής έρευνας» (MIS 5000432), που υλοποιήθηκε από το Ίδρυμα Κρατικών Υποτροφιών (IKY). ; Summarization: This paper studies the morphological characteristics of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in water based dispersions, produced following the main bottom-up (CaCl2/NaOH replacement reaction) and top-down methodologies. The work focuses on the effect of three different surfactants (TritonX-100, n-octylamine and amylamine) on the morphological characteristics of the resulting Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles and compares them with the ones produced in a mixture of water and 2-propanol. Moreover, in an attempt to approach the compatibility enhancement with siliceous stones, a calcium hydroxide—TEOS composite was also studied. The morphological, chemical and the mineralogical characterization of the nanoparticles produced were carried out by electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is shown that the modifications induced by the production methodologies limited the agglomeration phenomena and altered the morphological characteristics of nanoparticles, when compared to the results obtained by the original bottom-up method, resulting in the synthesis of hexagonal, plate-like, rounded and angular portlandite nanoparticles. The size range of the nanoparticles extended from 60 to 350 nm. ...

Η διατριβή στοχεύει να παρουσιάσει τη χρήση των μεθόδων παιχνιδοποίησης στην εκπαίδευση, την ενσωμάτωση της πρακτικής στην ευρωπαϊκή εκπαίδευση και να εικάσει περί των επιπτώσεων και των αποτελεσμάτων της. Χρησιμοποιώντας μια διεξοδική βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση για τον ορισμό της παιχνιδοποίησης και των εκπαιδευτικών μεθόδων μαζί με τις οποίες χρησιμοποιείται, καθώς και μια παρουσίαση που περιγράφει πρόσφατες εκκλήσεις για παιχνιδοποίηση στην εκπαίδευση από ερευνητικά προγράμματα που υποστηρίζονται οικονομικά από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και εφαρμογές παιχνιδοποίησης που χρησιμοποιούνται στα χρηματοδοτούμενα από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έργα. Συμπεραίνεται ότι παρά την έλλειψη διαμορφωμένης πολιτικής στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση για την παιχνιδοποίηση στην εκπαίδευση, δεν λείπουν έργα και πρωτοβουλίες που συνυπολογίζουν τη μέθοδο μάθησης τόσο στην επίσημη όσο και στην επαγγελματική κατάρτιση. Παρέχονται χρηματοδοτικοί πόροι μέσω Ευρωπαϊκών Προγραμμάτων που επιτρέπουν σε πανεπιστήμια, επιχειρήσεις και σχολεία να διερευνήσουν από κοινού τις δυνατότητες εφαρμογής μεθόδων χρησιμοποιώντας παιχνιδοποιημένες διαδικασίες, σοβαρά παιχνίδια και παιγνιώδη μάθηση με τη μορφή βιντεοπαιχνιδιών, παιχνιδιών ρόλων και πλατφορμών που υλοποιούνται μέσω ιστοσελίδων και εφαρμογών. ; The thesis aims to present the use of gamification methods in education, the integration of the practice in European education and speculate on its effect and results. Using a thorough literature review to define Gamification and the education methods it is used along with as well as a presentation that describes recent calls for gamification in education by research programmes that are financially supported by the European Union and applications of gamification that are used in European funded projects. It is concluded that despite the lack of a formed policy in the European Union for gamification in education, there is no shortage of projects and initiatives that factor in the learning method both in formal and in vocational training. Financial means are provided through European Programms to allow universities, businesses and schools to co-explore the possibilities of implementing methods using gamified processes, serious games and playful learning in the form of video games, role playing games and platforms implemented through websites and applications.

5856 5863 6 15 ; S ; [EN] Nanosized SSZ-13 has been obtained from a one-pot synthesis procedure with the addition of CTAB to the synthesis precursor solution. Nano-SSZ-13 zeolite showed high intracrystalline mesoporosity and compared to standard SSZ-13 presented a much longer lifetime and higher conversion capacity for the reaction of methanol to olefins. The improved properties were attributed to a more efficient utilization of micropores by easier diffusion of reactants and products and slower deactivation by coke. A higher C2/C3 ratio was found for nano-SSZ-13, pointing to a lower deactivation of the aromatics cycle of the hydrocarbon pool. Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267), CTQ2015-67592-P, CTQ2015-70126-R, CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, MAT2015-71842-P, by the European Union ERC-AdG-2014-671093-SynCatMatch and by the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII/2013/011 is acknowledged. Z. Li acknowledges China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a fellowship. J. Yu thanks the Major International Joint Research Project of China for financial support (Grant No. 21320102001). Li, Z.; Navarro Villalba, MT.; Martínez Triguero, LJ.; Yu, J.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). Synthesis of nano-SSZ-13 and its application in the reaction of methanol to olefins. Catalysis Science and Technology. 6(15):5856-5863. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY00433D

H Επαγγελματική Εκπαίδευση και Κατάρτιση (ΕΕΚ) και η Διά Βίου Μάθηση (ΔΒΜ) βρίσκονται στο προσκήνιο της Ευρωπαϊκής εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής, προς αντιμετώπιση της έλλειψης ενδιαφέροντος των μαθητών για τα αντικείμενα STEM και την αναδυόμενη ανάγκη της αγοράς εργασίας για νέες δεξιότητες. Πολλές από τις τεχνολογίες αιχμής, με εφαρμογή στην καθημερινή ζωή, βασίζονται ή συνδέονται με το διάστημα, ενώ το τελευταίο φαίνεται να προκαλεί το γνήσιο ενδιαφέρον των μαθητών. Ως εκ τούτου, η συσχετιζόμενη με το διάστημα εκπαίδευση, μπορεί να συνεισφέρει στις ως άνω ευρωπαϊκές στρατηγικές, ενεργώντας μεταξύ άλλων ως πόλος έλξης μαθητών στα πεδία STEM, καθώς και σε αντικείμενα που σχετίζονται με το περιβάλλον και τη γεωχωρική πληροφορία. Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζει στην πληθώρα εκπαιδευτικών πηγών του Ευρωπαϊκού Οργανισμού Διαστήματος (ΕΟΔ) με θέμα την παρατήρηση της 1653 Γης από το διάστημα, οι οποίες είναι άμεσα προσβάσιμες, χωρίς κόστος, αλλά και διαθέσιμες σε διαφορετικές γλώσσες. Η αξιοποίησή τους στην ΕΕΚ και τη ΔΒΜ, ιδιαίτερα για την προώθηση των πεδίων STEM, καθώς και την ανάπτυξη πράσινων και γεωχωρικών δεξιοτήτων, θα επέφερε πολυδιάστατα και αμφίδρομα θετικά αποτελέσματα για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και τον ΕΟΔ. Τέλος, προτείνεται η συνολική και σε βάθος αξιολόγηση της δυνητικής συνεισφοράς της διαστημικής εκπαίδευσης στην ΕΕΚ και τη ΔΒΜ. ; Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Life-Long Learning (LLL), stand at the forefront of Europe's strategic policies in Education, in response to the lack of students' interest in STEM and the emerging needs for new skills in the labour market. Space can be a particularly useful platform for attracting students to STEM, environmental as well as topics related to geospatial information, as many state-of-the-art technologies used in everyday life are space-based, while space seems to also be creating a genuine interest among most learners. This study focuses on the plethora of European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Observation (EO) education material readily accessible, at no cost and available in several languages. Undertaking the effort to optimize/extend the use of these existing EO educational resources also in VET and LLL, for promoting STEM subjects, as well as for the development of green and geospatial skills, would be to the mutual benefit of both ESA and the European Union. Finally, it is proposed that an assessment of the utility and potential for the overall ESA Education resources (other than EO), but also of other Space Agencies and relevant institutions active in space education, in VET and LLL would be of particular interest. Keywords:

1 14 188 ; S ; [EN] In this work, a study of an energy recovery system from a low-grade temperature source based on heat pumps for domestic hot water is done. The main components of the system are a pre-heating heat exchanger, an optimized heat pump for domestic hot water production, and a variable-volume storage tank. A model has been developed in TRNSYS to analyse the best configuration and control strategy of the system in order to satisfy the profile demands of 10, 20, and 30 multifamily houses, which are considered as a representative target market for this type of application. From this analysis, the influence of the design/sizing parameters on the system CO2 emissions has been obtained and a design criterium for their minimization has been supplied. Finally, a sensitivity analysis based on different net and heat source temperatures has been done in order to estimate the generalizability of the proposed solution. The obtained results show that this kind of system, with the proper design, sizing, and operation, offers potential CO2 emissions reductions by a factor of almost five compared to a conventional gas boiler system but a bad system selection could reduce this potential benefit up to 25%. Part of the work presented was carried out partially by Estefania Hervas Blasco with the financial support of a PhD scholarship from the Spanish government SFPI1500X074478XV0. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through the project "Maximizacion de la Eficiencia y Minimizacion del Impacto Ambiental de Bombas de Calor para la Descarbonizacion de la Calefaccion/ACS en los Edificios Deconsumo Casi Nulo" with the reference ENE2017-83665-C2-1-P. Finally, this work has been also supported by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia program ayuda a primeros Proyecto de investigacion through the project with reference SP20180039. Hervas-Blasco, E.; Navarro-Peris, E.; Corberán, JM. (2019). Optimal design and operation of a central domestic hot water heat pump system ...

77 91 356 ; S ; [EN] This work generalises the line-integral Lyapunov function in (Rhee and Won, 2006) for stability analysis of continuous-time nonlinear models expressed as fuzzy systems. The referred result applied only to Takagi¿Sugeno representations, and required memberships to be a tensor-product of functions of a single state; these are generalised here so that membership arguments can be arbitrary polynomials of the state variables; in this way, systems for which earlier results cannot be applied are now covered. Both the modelling and the integral terms appearing in the Lyapunov functions are generalised to a fuzzy polynomial case. Illustrative examples show the advantage of the proposed method against previous literature, even in the TS case. The authors gratefully to the financial support of Spanish ministry of Economy and European Union, grant DPI2016-81002-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), the CONACyT/COECyT Sonora scholarship 383252, and Project ITSON-PROFAPI-CA 2017-0088. Gonzalez-German, IT.; Sala, A.; Bernal Reza, MÁ. (2019). A generalised integral polynomial Lyapunov function for nonlinear systems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 356:77-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2018.02.005

This article stems from a project launched by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 2017 to examine the degree to which Buddhism might complement or enhance international humanitarian law (IHL), also known as 'the law of war' or 'the law of armed conflict'. Given that Buddhist teachings discourage violence, scholarship has critiqued Buddhists' involvement in armed conflict rather than considered how Buddhism might contribute to regulating the conduct of hostilities once war has broken out. Yet the Buddhist aim to reduce suffering is particularly relevant during armed conflict, and the empirical realism of early Buddhist texts shows that early Buddhist communities were very much aware of its grim reality. The article investigates the evidence for this empirical realism before exploring a range of concepts, doctrines and practices from within Buddhism that are pertinent to the recognition and implementation of IHL principles and the conduct of war. While IHL lays down explicit rules to follow during war, Buddhism emphasises broader ethical principles to be applied, so as not to dilute its ideal of non-violence. At a deeper level, it addresses the intention or motivation of parties to armed conflict, and possesses psychological insights and resources to help change their behaviour.

951 959 119 ; S ; Authors of this paper, on behalf of MyCyFAPP consortium, acknowledge the European Union and the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme for funding the above-mentioned project under grant agreement number 643806. The authors would like to thank the Secretaria de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovation (Ecuador) for the PhD scholarship given to Carolina Alicia Paz Yepez. Paz-Yépez, CA.; Peinado Pardo, I.; Heredia Gutiérrez, AB.; Andrés Grau, AM. (2019). Influence of particle size and intestinal conditions on in vitro lipid and protein digestibility of walnuts and peanuts. Food Research International. 119:951-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.014

International audience The current paper uses the concept of imaginaries to understand how permaculture provides alternative ways of organizing in response to the Anthropocene. We argue that imaginaries provide ways of organizing that combine ideas and concrete practices, imagining organizational alternatives by enacting new forms of collective practice. Permaculture movements, because of their combination of local, situated design practices and underlying social and political philosophies, provide an interesting case of imaginaries that make it possible to reimagine the relations between humans, non-human species and the natural environment. We identify and describe three imaginaries found in permaculture movements, conceiving of permaculture respectively as a technical design practice, a holistic life philosophy, and an intersectional social movement. These imaginaries open up possibilities for political and social alternatives to industrially organized agriculture, but are also at risk of various forms of ideological co-optation based on their underlying social premises. We discuss our perspective in terms of developing the concept of imaginaries in relation to organizational scholarship, particularly in contexts where fundamental relations between humans and the natural environment must be reimagined, as in the case of environmentalist organizing in response to the Anthropocene.

911 919 190 ; S ; [EN] Heat pumps that work with a high degree of subcooling in subcritical systems have shown a significant margin of improvement when working with sanitary hot water applications. Recently, two different approaches to overcome the high degree of subcooling have been presented in the literature: with a subcooler (separate from the condenser) and by making all the subcooling in the condenser. In this paper, a comparative evaluation between both alternatives is presented, and the obtained results are compared with a representative solution already available on the market using natural refrigerants for this application. The results of this analysis have shown that in a system with subcooling in the condenser, it is possible to obtain a COP comparable to that of transcritical CO2 heat pump water heaters. Furthermore, the system with subcooling has been demonstrated experimentally as being capable of producing water up to 90ºC and has shown a COP up to 20% higher than some CO2 commercial products (catalogue data reference). This work has been developed in the Seventh Framework Program of the European Union by the project, Next Generation of Heat Pump Technologies (NEXTGHP), grant agreement 307169. The authors thank the support given. Part of the work presented was carried by Miquel Pitarch-Mocholí with the financial support of a PhD scholarship from the Universitat Politècnica de València. The authors would like also to acknowledge the Spanish 'MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD', through the project ref-ENE2014-53311-C2-1-P-AR ''Aprovechamiento del calor residual a baja temperatura mediante bombas de calor para la produccion de agua caliente" for the given support Pitarch, M.; Navarro-Peris, E.; Gonzálvez-Maciá, J.; Corberán, JM. (2017). Evaluation of different heat pump systems for sanitary hot water production using natural refrigerants. Applied Energy. 190:911-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.166