Suchergebnisse

The Iberian Electricity Market (MIBEL) emerges in the context of the integration and cooperation between the Portuguese and Spanish electricity markets, in response to the European Union incentive for regional electricity markets creation. The present study, focus on the modeling and forecasting of the hourly competitive strategies of the electricity producers in the MIBEL. For this analysis, the studied variable was the MIBEL's conjectural variation, which estimates the level of competitiveness of the electricity producers on the day-ahead electricity market. The methodology adopted for forecasting was time series analysis, using ARIMA and exponential smoothing models. The results obtained show that the estimated models that best suit the hourly MIBEL conjectural variation forecast were mainly of the ARIMA seasonal type with daily seasonality, followed by ARIMA non-seasonal type models. It was also observed, that the selected models were mainly estimated with a time series of 5 working days. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

E-waste includes components with economic and environmental importance, thus the need for their sound end-of-life management. This study provides fundamentals regarding the amounts, flows, and handling practices of e-waste in Gaborone, Botswana. A number of relevant stakeholder organisations were interviewed and an in situ waste composition study was conducted. The concentration of e-waste arriving at the municipal landfill is less than 1 weight per cent, corresponding to about 1.9 kg/capita/year, far less compared to the estimated 8 weight per cent for European Union countries. However, obsolete electr(on)ics are in urban storages primarily due to a lack of tapping mechanisms. Among several inadequacies of the current handling practices is the absence of an e-waste management framework. Improvement routes discussed include public sensitisation and engagement, capacity building, and future exploitation of potentially suitable end-of-life treatment options including the novel phenomenon of enhanced landfill mining. ; GTARS

In the Master's Thesis, there is analyzed the renewal policy for Lithuanian car fleet under ecological approach. There are set renewal issues of Lithuanian car fleet and delivered proposals for the solution of the following issues. In the theoretical part under theoretical aspect there is researched the renewal necessity for the car fleet through the review of scientific literature and legal acts of the European Union and Lithuania, which regulate the implementation of environmental protection programmes in the field of transport. There are analyzed the most significant data related to the following transport sector and assessed the renewal situation of the car fleet in Lithuania under ecological approach and its comparison with the EU countries. In the third part there is carried out statistical analysis of data and comparative analysis of the situation, and analyzed experts' approach towards the renewal policy of the car fleet in Lithuania and the EU countries.

Information systems are now the basis of the operation of each unit in health care. This paper describes the objectives and benefits of the introduction of new technologies in information systems and examples of practical use of the systems in Poland and worldwide. In the paper chosen programs used to monitor patient's health status and their usefulness to professionals have been described. The inherent savings, which are brought by the computerization of healthcare facilities, have been pointed out as well as the contribution of European Union funds in financing the programs. ; Systemy informacyjne stanowią obecnie podstawę funkcjonowania każdej jednostki w ochronie zdrowia. W pracy opisano cele i korzyści z wprowadzania nowych technologii w systemach informacyjnych oraz przykłady praktycznego wykorzystanie systemów w Polsce i na świecie. Opisano wybrane programy monitorujące stan zdrowia pacjenta oraz ich przydatność dla profesjonalistów. Wskazano na oszczędności, jakie niesie ze sobą informatyzacja placówek ochrony zdrowia oraz udział środków z Unii Europejskiej w finansowaniu programów.

peer-reviewed ; The codecision procedure was designed to change the distribution of power among the European Union (EU) institutions. In theory, the codecision procedure, at least the amended version introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty that came into effect in 1999, weakened the Commission and placed the Parliament on an equal footing with the Council. We assess how the codecision procedure works in practice using data on the preferences of legislative actors on a large number of proposals negotiated between 1999 and 2009. We also test theoretical propositions derived from Schelling regarding the effects of policy agreement within each chamber on the relative bargaining success of the Council and EP. Our findings suggest that, in comparison to the consultation procedure, codecision has strengthened the EP and weakened the Commission. However, the Council holds certain bargaining advantages over the EP, and as a result the EP has not achieved parity with the Council under codecision.

Within the broader context of several related biotech developments, including the proliferation of GM food in American grocery stories, the recent decision by Whole Foods Market, Inc. to require the labeling of all genetically modified (GM) organism products sold in its stores by 2018, and the development of GM animals for consumption, this essay asks whether the United States is inching towards a policy of mandatory GM food labeling. The analysis highlights aspects of the biotechnology policy debate in the United States and European Union, and traces public opinion as well as grassroots and legislative efforts aimed at GM food labeling. Findings show that activities at the federal level do not suggest any major regulatory changes regarding labeling in the near future; however, a growing number of individual states are considering GM food labeling legislation and political momentum in favor of labeling has picked up in recent years. Voluntary labeling by food companies may also become increasingly common.

У статті розглянуто головні чинники удосконалення управління педагогічним процесом у школах Великої Британії; розкрито зміст понять «педагогічна команда», «педагогічне лідерство», визначені базові компетентності, якими має володіти керівник навчального закладу. В статье представлены инновации в оценивании учебных достижений учащихся в странах Европейского Союза, которые состоят в акцентировании важности формирующего оценивания в учебном процессе школ. Автор раскрывает взгляды зарубежных ученых на сущностные характеристики этой методологии оценивания, позицию Брюсселя относительно ее роли в образовании в Сообществе и опыт государств-членов в сфере ее применения.Innovations in the sphere of students' achievements assessment in the European Union countries which consist in the stressing of the importance of the formative assessment for school education have been presented in the article. The author characterizes views of foreign scholars at its essence, the standpoint of Brussels with regard to its role for education within the Community and the member-states expertise in the area of its application.

Several studies on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a traditional domain of large companies, have shown a growing significance for Small end Medium Enterprises (SMEs), the predominant form of enterprise in both the European Union and Italy. Evidence suggests that social and environmental commitment is not a marginal issue for SMEs even if it is based on the evaluation of performance actually carried out, rather than on the formal adoption of specific tools. This paper takes a bottom-up approach and explores CSR initiatives and practices of SMEs associated with Confindustria Salerno, underpinning that socially responsible policies implemented, mainly in the dynamics intra-organizational, are bound to a natural sharing of experiences and common values, rather than originated by a coherent and effective planning.The importance of values and business ethics for SMEs, usually represented by the founder of the company are key factors for their success, but it is necessary to treat these strategically.

В статье проведен анализ перспектив развития рынка природного газа в Польше, с точки зрения его организации и потенциальных возможностей наращивания его мощности. При этом учитываются как внутренне законодательство, так и директивы регуляторных органов Европейского союза. С целью оценки энергетического потенциала, исследованы объемы собственной добычи, импорта и продаж энергетических продуктов. Проанализирована структура потребления природного газа, а также максимально возможные объемы его хранения на территории страны. ; The following article covers the analysis of perspectives of development of the natural gas market in Poland in accordance with its organization and potential increase of its capacity. The internal legislation is included in the equal measure with the directives of regulatory bodies of the European Union. Aiming at the estimation of energy potential we studied volumes of natural extraction, import and energy product sale. We analyzed the consumer gas structure as well as its maximal permitted keeping limits within the territory of the country.

Subject of this study, we aimed to assess in terms of the functions of internal audit units of the metropolitan municipalities in Turkey. Descriptive and historical research methods were used in the study. In this context, information collected by scanning the printed and written documents in electronic form, the findings of the quantitative analysis techniques and processed. The purpose of this study, the internal audit units of metropolitan municipalities, in terms of the functions of the audit brought to the field on the basis of new insights and practices to make a comparative analysis. Within this context, the control unit of a classic Metropolitan Municipalities in Turkey "Audit Committees" to the transformation of public administration, as well as metropolitan municipalities within the framework of the European Union harmonization process of the "internal audit" konumlandırılışlarının organization units side by side, a possible "task space jam" and "confusion" questioned whether or not the road. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p142

In the Master's Thesis, there is analyzed the renewal policy for Lithuanian car fleet under ecological approach. There are set renewal issues of Lithuanian car fleet and delivered proposals for the solution of the following issues. In the theoretical part under theoretical aspect there is researched the renewal necessity for the car fleet through the review of scientific literature and legal acts of the European Union and Lithuania, which regulate the implementation of environmental protection programmes in the field of transport. There are analyzed the most significant data related to the following transport sector and assessed the renewal situation of the car fleet in Lithuania under ecological approach and its comparison with the EU countries. In the third part there is carried out statistical analysis of data and comparative analysis of the situation, and analyzed experts' approach towards the renewal policy of the car fleet in Lithuania and the EU countries.

This paper evaluates to what extent differences in population and structural characteristics between countries can explain country differences with respect to the gender effect on poverty. Our study aims to advance research on the structural dimension in the predominantly individually-oriented study field of poverty. To facilitate an approach that integrates individual and structural context dimensions we take advantage of multilevel techniques to test differences among a large number of countries regarding the effect of the gender gap on the risk of being poor, entering into poverty, and exiting from poverty. We use the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions for the years 2007-2008. From our analyses, we conclude that structural effects seem to be more relevant than individual effects in explaining country differences with regard to the gender poverty gap. ; The financial support from Spanish Ministry of Education through grant ECO2009-11117 and Junta de Andalucía though grant P07-SEJ-03261.

High-frequency trading (HFT) certainly captures public (and regulatory) attention. On May 6th 2010, the Dow Jones (DJ) experienced its largest intraday point drop in history, shedding $1 trillion of its market value in half an hour. Largely as a consequence of the event– named Flash Crash–regulatory authorities sharpened the regulations concerning HFT: in the U.S., circuit breakers were introduced [1], and the European Union made regulative changes that require equity orders to delay for at least half a second. Also, in the markets, there has been a demand for introducing a financial transactions tax (FTT) in order to discourage high frequency trading. So, what is high-frequency trading? And why should it be regulated? And if it is regulated, how should that regulation be designed? In this editorial article, I will focus on existing scientific evidence on how HFT affects the market, and on the big questions about HFT that remain unanswered.

Transitional Justice is a long-term process which seeks to address severe human rights abuses of the past through measures such as trials, commissions of inquiry, memorials, apologies, reforms of the legal or security sector, school textbook reforms, and reconciliation projects. These measures are usually applied by governments, but can also be initiated by civil society groups, such as victim groups, or the international community, for example the European Union or the UNHCR. Transitional justice measures are seen as catalysts for coming to terms with the past and establishing new, stable, and often democratic societies. As such, the measures are linked to the performance and efficacy of democratic institutions in the context of their accountability and responsiveness, transparency, and level of citizen participation. Thus, transitional justice is a process that aims to reconcile divided and conflict-torn societies by re-establishing (democratic) institutions. These measures can be catalysts to leverage institutional performance.

В статье проведен анализ перспектив развития рынка природного газа в Польше, с точки зрения его организации и потенциальных возможностей наращивания его мощности. При этом учитываются как внутренне законодательство, так и директивы регуляторных органов Европейского союза. С целью оценки энергетического потенциала, исследованы объемы собственной добычи, импорта и продаж энергетических продуктов. Проанализирована структура потребления природного газа, а также максимально возможные объемы его хранения на территории страны. ; The following article covers the analysis of perspectives of development of the natural gas market in Poland in accordance with its organization and potential increase of its capacity. The internal legislation is included in the equal measure with the directives of regulatory bodies of the European Union. Aiming at the estimation of energy potential we studied volumes of natural extraction, import and energy product sale. We analyzed the consumer gas structure as well as its maximal permitted keeping limits within the territory of the country