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This book examines the results of the special portion of the 2003 PISA survey of student achievement that relates to problem-solving skills. Covering 40 countries (Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Japan; Republic of (South) Korea; Luxembourg; Mexico; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Slovak Republic; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States; Brazil, Hong Kong-China, Indonesia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macao-China, Russian Federation, Serbia, Thailand, Tunisia, Uruguay), it provides, for the first time, a direct assessment of life competencies that apply across different areas of the school curriculum. The assessment looked at students abilities to identify problems in various settings, to choose relevant information or constraints, to represent possible alternatives or solution paths, to develop solution strategies, to solve the problem, and to communicate the solution. This report examines how countries can raise their performance in this competency area and what countries with lower performance levels can learn from those whose students do well. It also provides insights into some of the factors that are associated with the development of problem-solving skills and into how these factors interact and what the implications are for policy development. Finally, the report sheds light on countries that succeed in achieving high performance levels while at the same time providing an equitable distribution of learning opportunities.--Publisher description

Introduction : studying the relationship between populism and educational policy and administration internationally / Peter Milley and Eugenie A. Samier -- Educational populism as a policy configuration : the struggle against school absenteeism in France / Xavier Pons -- Authoritarian populism, body politics, and the assault on gender studies : toward a new progressivism in education and society / James P. Burns, Colin D. Green and Jaime Nolan -- Challenges facing educational leaders in an ethos of anti-intellectualism : populist leadership and the personalisation of power in Hungary / András B. Kocsis -- Neoliberal crisis, the populist moment, and the challenge of educational leadership / Alexander J. Means and Kenneth J. Saltman -- Populism on young people's non-conforming behaviour as othering / Sari Vesikansa and Päivi Honkatukia -- Getting political : exploring how political savviness can help school district administrators counter frame problematic populist policies / Élian Dulude and Peter Milley -- Social foundations as preparation for school and community leadership : the urgency for deep learning in anti-intellectual times / Carol E. Harris -- Populist governance, caudillismo, and the crisis of education in Nicaragua : from the ideal of national purpose to political expediency / Richard MaClure with Melvin Sotello -- Policy making in higher education under neo-populism : a Brazilian experience / Elizabeth Balbachevsky and José Augusto Guilhon-Albuquerque -- Populism in Australian education : implications for educational leadership / Christina Gowlett and Richard Niesche -- To surveille or not to surveille : educational surveillance in populist and nationalist times / Eugenie A. Samier -- Conclusion : populism and educational leadership, policy and administration : influences, responses, and directions for scholarship and research / Peter Milley and Eugenie A. Samier.