Suchergebnisse

"Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, weshalb die industriellen Beziehungen in einigen Sektoren durch einen hohen Grad an transnationaler Homogenität charakterisiert sind, währenddessen andere Sektoren sich in ihren industriellen Beziehungen über Ländergrenzen hinweg stark unterscheiden. Basierend auf der Theorie einer Transformation der industriellen Beziehungen entlang veränderter Marktbedingungen wird in dieser Arbeit die Hypothese untersucht, dass das Ausmaß der sektoralen Internationalisierung transnational homogene sektorale Systeme der industriellen Beziehungen bedingt. Auf Grundlage einer empirischen Untersuchung von neun Sektoren in allen Mitgliedsländern der Europäischen Union kann diese Hypothese bestätigt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit erlauben die Schlussfolgerung, dass eine transnationale Konvergenz in den industriellen Beziehungen sektorspezifisch ist und dass Arbeiten im Bereich der ländervergleichenden industriellen Beziehungen verstärkt der sektoralen Ebene Beachtung schenken müssen." (Autorenreferat)

The purpose of this paper is to offer a realistic perspective upon the imminent situation of demographic ageing issue in European Union. The forecasts are not reasons to major concern for the society but rather to become more responsible and not to neglect a problem that could affect our future. The demographic overview of Europe for 2011 - 2060 shows low birth rates, an increase in life expectancy and migration flows having an impact on population. As a result, the parent generation will no longer completely be replaced by the next generation of children and the narrowed active population will have to sustain a large number of persons far advanced in the age. Economic consequences of this social trend, such as increased expenditures on pensions, extended health care costs and the employment problems, are also discussed in order to define the best policy option available. Keywords: ageing, births, life expectancy, migration, economic impact, policy options. (Romanian Journal of European Affairs / SWP)

During the last decade Europe has been transformed both politically and commercially. The establishment of a genuinely single marketplace in the context of an expanding membership has enabled the European Union greatly to enhance its role on the world stage. In the areas of trade and commercial policy the Union increasingly speaks with one voice. As a result of the Maastricht Treaty on Economic and Political Union of 1993, a process has been set in motion whereby the embryonic mechanisms of a common foreign policy (European Political Cooperation or EPC) are gradually evolving into a more comprehensive Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The contributors to this volume describe and evaluate the nature and extent to which the European Union plays an independent role in international affairs. This pioneering work makes an important contribution to the literature on the European Union since the chapters present a comprehensive picture of the Union's foreign economic policies and actions, its foreign security policy, and the supranational nature of much Union decision-making. The book is significant, not only because of its dual focus on economics as well as politics, but also because it comprehensively covers the broad range of Union policies in both the economic and political spheres. The intended level of readership is undergraduate courses on the EU and on European politics; upper level undergraduate courses in International Relations; and graduate survey courses on the EU. The book is sufficiently comprehensive and instructive to achieve a wide readership, especially in North America and the UK

After gaining its independence from Yugoslavia the European perspective of the Republic of Macedonia looked promising. Macedonia was the first in the region to sign the Stabilization and Association Agreement but has not yet entered into accession negotiations. Among the obstacles is the unresolved name dispute with Greece. Greece conditions EU accession of the Republic of Macedonia at the expense of its constitutional name. Does the EU step over its core values of justice, freedom and human rights, precisely in the case of Macedonia? Macedonia has received eight recommendations to access negotiations, but a date has not been pr?cised yet. Should Macedonia, which geographically and culturally belongs to the European Union, seek an alternative, or persevere in its declared course towards integration into the European Union?

Defence date: 28 June 1999 ; Examining Board: Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladeur, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute (Co-supervisor); Prof. Jan H. Jans, University of Amsterdam; Prof. Marc Pallemaerts, Vrije Universiteit Brussels ; First made available online on 23 February 2018 ; The project of this thesis is to investigate how law operates in politically precarious, scientifically complex and uncertain areas. It examines whether the legal framework for the regulation of health and environmental threats adequately takes into account problems of risk and uncertainty. Furthermore, it proposes structural legal reforms to optimise the conditions under which decisions for risk control are taken. Chapter I of the thesis lays down a theoretical framework for analysis of the tensions between law, risk and uncertainty. It explains why traditional modes of legal reasoning are ill-suited to deal with contemporary health and environmental threats, and proposes the adoption of a risk-oriented approach to law and regulation as a more productive alternative. The remainder of the thesis examines the practical utility of a riskoriented approach for health and environmental protection. The substantive area selected for analysis, is the European Community regulatory framework for the control of chemicals. The structure of the thesis mimics the "regulatory life cycle" of chemical substances. Chapter II focuses on the first major prerequisite for chemical control: the availability of sufficient information on chemical hazards and risks. It provides an overview and critique of existing arrangements to stimulate the production of chemical data. Chapter III addresses the question how this data is processed into a format that is relevant for the purposes of risk regulation. The prevalent technique is risk assessment. Chapter III analyses risk assessment practices prescribed in EC law, and discusses the controversies that surround the use of risk assessment in regulatory decision-making. Chapter IV discusses the stage of risk decision-making. It reviews a range of regulatory techniques that aim to secure health and environmental protection, and examines chemical risk reduction mechanisms in EC law. It furthermore investigates whether and how information on chemical risks is put to use to inform decision-making processes. Each Chapter concludes with an evaluation of the incumbent legal framework, focusing in particular on its compatibility with the risk-oriented approach developed in Chapter I. Finally, Chapter V draws the strands of the preceding analyses together, and offers an overview of the main leitmotifs, strengths and weaknesses of European chemical legislation. Chapter V concludes with a number of reform proposals that, hopefully, will contribute to the ongoing discussion and elaboration of a legal framework that does not shy away from uncertainty.

This study evaluates the economic effects of corporate tax coordination in the enlarged European Union using a computable general equilibrium model and a comprehensive set of scenarios for both a common corporate EU tax base and for full harmonisation of tax bases and tax rates. Our main findings are as follows: (i) Corporate tax coordination can yield modest aggregate welfare gains, but the details of the coordination policies determine outcomes and economic gains cannot be taken for granted. (ii) All scenarios for coordination leave some EU Member States as winners and others as losers. An agreement on tax coordination is therefore likely to require elaborate compensation mechanisms. (iii) The large and diverse country effects suggest that Enhanced Cooperation for a subset of the Member States may be the most likely route towards tax coordination. Coordination among a subset of relatively homogenous Member States will lead to less radical policy changes, but also to smaller gains. (iv) Identifying winners and losers from coordination for the purpose of a compensation mechanism may be problematic, since countries experiencing gains in GDP and welfare tend to lose tax revenues, and vice versa.