Suchergebnisse

1. The European Union humanitarian aid policy -- 2. Cooperation and delegation in the international context -- 3. Intervention strategies in crisis contexts -- 4. Data, measurement and method -- 5. Intervening in humanitarian crisis contexts : the choice between unilateralism, partial and total delegation.

Europe in search of legitimacy : strategies of legitimation assessed / Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum -- Legitimising the Euro-"polity" and its "regime" : the normative turn in EU studies / Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione -- The new Europe : a federal state or a confederation of states? / Daniel J. Elazar -- The EU as a consociation : a methodologial assessment / Olivier Costa and Paul Magnette -- EU legitimacy revisited : the normative foundations of a multilevel polity / Nicole Bolleyer and Christine Reh -- We, the peoples of Europe? / Kalypso Nicolaidis -- Why Europe needs a constitution / Jürgen Habermas -- The idea of a European constitution / Pavlos Eleftheriadis -- The democratic costs of constitutionalisation : the European case / Dieter Grimm -- The constitutional conundrum of the European Union / Sergio Fabbrini -- Europe's "democratic deficit" : the question of standards / Giandomenico Majone -- The myth of Europe's democratic deficit / Andrew Moravcsik -- Why there is a democratic deficit in the EU : a response to -- Majone and moravcsik / Andreas Follesdal and Simon Hix -- Legitimacy in the multilevel European polity / Fritz W. Scharpf -- Beyond a constraining dissensus : the role of national parliaments in domesticating and normalising the politicization of European integration / Sandra Kröger and Richard Bellamy -- An emerging European public sphere / Erik Odvar Eriksen -- A theory of collective identity : making sense of the debate on a European identity / Klaus Eder -- Must Europe be Swiss? : on the idea of a voting space and the possibility of a multilingual demos / Joseph Lacey -- Civil society and EU democracy : "astroturf" representation? / Beate Kohler-Koch -- Whither European citizenship? : eros and civilisation revisited / C. Shore -- Why European citizenship? : normative approaches to supranational union / Rainer Baubock -- Citizenship, immigration, and the European social project : rights and -- Obligations of individuality / Yasemin Nuhoglu Soysal -- Solidarity in the European Union / Andrea Sangiovanni

On foreign economic relations between European Union and India on the premises of WTO regulations; contributed articles presented at an international seminar at School of International Studies, JNU

Intro -- TITANIC 2010? THE EUROPEAN UNIONAND ITS FAILED LISBON STRATEGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- AUTHOR'S BIOGRAPHY -- ABSTRACT -- GLOSSARY AND CONVENTIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- ON THE LISBON TRAIN - SOME SECOND THOUGHTSON THE EUROSTAT APPROACH, BASED ON A SINGLEFACTOR MODEL -- IS THERE NO SINGLE LISBON PROCESS AT ALL?A FOUR-FACTOR MODEL -- SOME NOTES ON THE CAUSALITY OF THE LISBONPROCESS ON THE EUROPEAN LEVEL -- ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THEEUROPEAN REGIONS -- BALANCING WORK AND FAMILY LIFE AND GLOBALDEVELOPMENT - THE THEORY -- BALANCING WORK AND FAMILY LIFE AND GLOBALDEVELOPMENT - THE RESEARCH DESIGN -- "DESTRUCTIVE CREATION" AND GLOBALDEVELOPMENT - PRESENTING AND INTERPRETINGTHE NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE -- TITANIC 2010 - THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM, R&D,THE PROLONGED WORKBENCH AND THAT OTHERLISBON RACE -- POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS -- STATISTICAL APPENDIX -- THE BALANCING WORK AND FAMILY LIFE INDEX -- A PATH MODEL WORLD GROWTH AND SOCIALDEVELOPMENT -- ENHANCING SOCIAL EUROPE - THE MINISTERIALDECLARATION OF THE "12" FOR A SOCIAL EUROPE -- ANNEXSOME HINTS FOR FUTURE WORK -- THE OTHER LISBON RACE:THE SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY RANKING OF THEWORLD'S TOP 500 UNIVERSITIES -- DATA SOURCES -- TUITION FEES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION -- SELECTED REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Minsky's institutional analysis of the development of the economy and how financial regulation fits in it -- Recent proposals of change in financial regulation inspired by Minsky -- Basel III : the revised capital requirements, the leverage ratio, and total loss absorbing capacity -- Two additional regulatory metrics : the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio -- Main consequences of the interaction between new regulatory rules (risk weighted capital requirements, leverage ratio, liquidity ratio, net stable funding ratio) and the new mandatory resolution regime for banks -- Financial fragility in the European crisis : three episodes -- Deleveraging in European banking and financial stability 2010-13 -- Italy's banking crisis -- Index.

E-commerce offers immense challenges to traditional dispute resolution methods, as it entails parties often located in different parts of the world making contracts with each other at the click of a mouse. The use of traditional litigation for disputes arising in this forum is often inconvenient, impractical, time-consuming and expensive due to the low value of the transactions and the physical distance between the parties. Thus modern legal systems face a crucial choice: either to adopt traditional dispute resolution methods that have served the legal systems well for hundreds of years or to find new methods which are better suited to a world not anchored in territorial borders. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), originally an off-shoot of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), takes advantage of the speed and convenience of the Internet, becoming the best, and often the only option for enhancing consumer redress and strengthening their trust in e-commerce. This book provides an in-depth account of the potential of ODR for European consumers, offering a comprehensive and up to date analysis of the development of ODR. It considers the current expansion of ODR and evaluates the challenges posed in its growth. The book proposes the creation of legal standards to close the gap between the potential of ODR services and their actual use, arguing that ODR, if it is to realise its full potential in the resolution of e-commerce disputes and in the enforcement of consumer rights, must be grounded firmly on a European regulatory model.Introduction 1. Consumer Protection and Access to Justice in the E-Commerce Era: A European Perspective 2. Online Dispute Resolution as a Consumer Redress Strategy 3. Consumer Adjudicative Processes Supported by ICT: Court Processes and Arbitration 4. Online Mediation for Consumers: The Way Forward 5. The Need for a Legal Framework to Develop Consumer ODR in the EU

Construction of the idea of "Europe" throughout history and the attempts for unification -- Ambiguous boundaries of Europe and the European Union -- Construction of "European identity" and its "other's" -- Social constructivism and European identity -- Comparison between social constructivism and essentialism in terms of analysing European identity -- Analysing construction of European identity on the basis of social constructivism -- "European identity" and "EU identity" -- And cultural European identity -- The construction process of European identity within the European Union -- The role of the political elites in construction of European identity -- The role of the institutions of the European Union in construction of European identity -- The gap between the elites and the general public -- The interactions between Turks and Europe -- The role of European identity in Turkey-EU relations. - The comparison between the membership of Turkey and the Central and Eastern European countries -- The perceptions of the elites of the European Union about Turkey's membership in terms of European identity -- Public opinions in the member states of the European Union about Turkey's membership -- Discussions on Turkey's membership in terms of compatibility of Islam and European identity -- The influence of the interactions between Turkey and the European Union on the construction of European identity

Introduction / Paolo Chiocchetti and Frédéric Allemand -- Competitiveness, solidarity, and their relationship : a theoretical framework / Paolo Chiocchetti -- European competitiveness : competition, cooperation, solidarity / Frédéric Allemand -- Competitiveness and solidarity in the history of the European Union, 1957-2017 / Laurent Warlouzet -- Competition, cooperation, and solidarity in EU law : a federal perspective / Sacha Garben -- Harnessing competitiveness for social and ecological goals : high-road competitiveness is necessary and feasible / Karl Aiginger -- The social and solidarity economy : a bottom-up alternative? / Jennifer Eschweiler and Lars Hulgård -- Social capitalism is a thing of the past : competition-driven Landnahme and the metamorphosis of the German Model / Klaus Dörre -- Competitiveness in public hospitals : the case of France / Hicham Rassafi-Guibal -- Competitive solidarity and regional development : the case of Italy / Laura Polverari -- Competitive solidarity and regional development : the case of Poland / Boleslaw Domanski -- The road towards a genuine economic and monetary union : more competitive and fairer / Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres -- Striking a balance between competitiveness and social fairness : what can we expect from the European pillar of social rights? / Susana Muñoz -- Conclusion / Paolo Chiocchetti and Frédéric Allemand

92 p. ; 24 cm. ; Libro Electrónico ; The impact of religious doctrine on the law, policy and practice of healthcare is becoming increasingly significant for a whole range of issues – from euthanasia to fertility treatment; from belief-based exemption from performing abortion for doctors to the medication and dietary needs of religious patients; from organ donation to contraception; from circumcision to suicide. The relationship between religion and healthcare has a long history of evoking tension and debate in Europe. While developments in medical technologies and techniques question the religious beliefs of policy-makers, practitioners and patients across the European Union, research into the legal and policy responses by EU member states on such issues remains underdeveloped. The challenge of health policy, which is common across the European Union, is to balance fundamental human rights such as the right to equality, the right to health and the right to freedom of religion while adhering to secular principles. This report aims to map out the major issues at stake and to initiate a broader discussion on how the religious needs of the community, religious doctrine and religious practices across the European Union affect public health policy. ; Preface: The 'Religion and Democracy in Europe' initiative 7 About the authors 8 Introduction 9 Background 9 Purpose and conceptual framework 10 Terms, scope, methodology and structure 13 Summary of recommended main policy questions for further development 16 1 The legal and policy context in the European Union 17 1.1 European Union law 17 1.2 National law and policy 18 2 The influence of religion on national healthcare policy development 21 2.1 Conflict of duty in health‑service provision 22 2.1.1 Does national healthcare policy permit belief‑based exemption? 23 2.1.2 Scope and limits of belief‑based exemption in healthcare 23 2.1.3 Safeguards 27 2.2 Euthanasia 27 2.2.1 Active euthanasia 29 2.2.2 Passive euthanasia 30 2.2.3 Conflict of duty and safeguards related to euthanasia 32 2.3 Belief‑based patient decisions 34 2.3.1 Organ transplant and donation 34 2.3.2 Refusal of medical treatment 36 2.4 Emerging policy trends and outstanding policy questions 413 Healthcare policy and religious diversity 43 3.1 Healthcare policy and accommodating religious needs in hospitals 45 3.1.1 Religious assistance and faith space 45 3.1.2 Medication and dietary needs 47 3.1.3 The sex of the health practitioner and hospital clothing 48 3.1.4 After‑death issues: post‑mortem and burial 49 3.2 Healthcare policy and accommodating religion outside hospitals 50 3.2.1 Training of healthcare professionals 50 3.2.2 Substance abuse 52 3.3 Emerging policy trends and outstanding policy questions 53 4 Religion and sexual and reproductive healthcare 56 4.1 Contraception, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases 56 4.1.1 The influence of religion on contraception policy 57 4.1.2 The influence of religion on HIV/AIDS education and prevention policies 58 4.1.3 The4.1.3 The influence of religion on other STD policy 60 4.2 Abortion and sterilization 61 4.2.1 Some religious positions on abortion 61 4.2.2 National policy positions 62 4.2.3 Safeguards when abortion is denied 63 4.2.4 Sterilization 65 4.3 Fertility treatment and reproductive techniques 65 4.4 Circumcision 68 4.5 Female genital mutilation 70 4.6 Emerging policy trends and outstanding policy questions 71 5 Religion and mental healthcare 73 5.1 The European policy context and the influence of religious institutions 74 5.2 The influence of religion on mental illness 77 5.2.1 Diagnosis of mental illness 77 5.2.2 Treatment of mental illness 78 5.3 Emerging policy trends and outstanding policy questions 82 Conclusion 84 Appendix A Roundtable participants 86 Appendix B Belief‑based exemption from healthcare provision 87 Appendix C National policy on euthanasia in some EU states 88 Appendix D National policy on abortion in some EU states 89

The paper reveals the concept of innovations and briefly discusses the development of models of the innovation process. To evaluate the impact of innovation development on labour productivity retrospective research of the correlations of innovations and labour productivity was carried out. This enabled to generate the evaluation scheme of innovations as the factor that increases labour productivity. The research was performed using data of EU- 27 of 2001-2010. After ranking the EU states according to labour productivity, summarised the innovative index and R&D expenditures it was established that the states of high labour productivity demonstrate bigger gaps in ranking; therefore, in the first research stage it was assumed that correlation between innovation development and labour productivity is stronger in the countries of lower labour productivity. Proceeding analysis this assumption was checked by indicating correlation between the key indicator that reflects innovation development (R&D) and labour productivity using the correlation-regressive analysis. Its results show that innovation development is not the factor that predetermines labour productivity in the countries of high labour productivity; however, the impact of innovations on labour productivity in medium and low productivity countries is direct and significant, with few exceptional cases. The conclusion here might be that innovations are resources for labour productivity increase in medium and low productivity countries.