Suchergebnisse

The Japan National Committee for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and UICC‐Asia Regional Office (ARO) organized an international session as part of the official program of the 71st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association to discuss the topic "Healthcare Economics: The Significance of the UN Summit non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) Political Declaration in Asia." The presenters and participants discussed the growing cost of cancer in the Asian region and the challenges that are faced by the countries of Asia, all of which face budgetary and other systemic constraints in tackling and controlling cancer in the region. The session benefited from the participation of various stakeholders, including cancer researchers and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry. They discussed the significance of the UN Political Declaration on the prevention and control of NCDs (2011) as a means of boosting awareness of cancer in the Asian region and also addressed the ways in which stakeholders can cooperate to improve cancer control and treatment. Other issues that were covered included challenges relating to pharmaceutical trials in Asia and how to link knowledge and research outcomes. The session concluded with the recognition that with the onset of a super‐aged society in most countries in Asia and an increasing focus on quality of life rather than quantity of life, it is more important than ever for all stakeholders to continue to share information and promote policy dialogue on cancer control and treatment.

Improving Consensus Development for Health Technology Assessment: An International Perspective -- Copyright -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- ELEMENTS OF THE CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- Sponsorship and Role of Consensus Development Programs within National Health Care Systems -- THE U.S. EXPERIENCE IN CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT -- CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Topic and Scope of Consensus Development Conferences: Criteria and Approach for Selection of Topics and Properties for… -- SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE -- SELECTION OF TOPIC -- References -- Documentation and Use of Evidence in the Consensus Conference Process -- THE CONSENSUS PROCESS -- Preparation of the Process -- Review of the Existing Evidence -- Selection of the Panel -- Selection of the Speakers -- Formulation of Recommendations -- SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE -- References -- Format and Conduct of Consensus Development Conferences: A Multination Comparison -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- Context -- Audience -- Issues -- Topic Selection -- Topics -- Prepanel Process -- Responsibility for Planning -- Review of Literature -- Review of Current Clinical Practice -- Patient Outcome Data -- Advance Preparation of Recommendations or Questions -- Panel Composition -- Panel Size -- Panel Chair -- Panel Members -- Consensus Panel Meeting -- Product -- Meeting Time -- Public Forums -- Private Panel Sessions -- Definition of Consensus -- Decision-Making Process -- Sensitivity to Group Process Issues -- DISCUSSION -- Link between Goals and Inputs -- Formalizing the Group Process -- Writing the Consensus Statement -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Dissemination and Impact of Consensus Development Statements -- ELEMENTS OF DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES -- Attributes.

Abstract This paper documents some previously neglected features of sectoral shares at business cycle frequencies in OECD economies. We find that the non‐traded output share is as volatile as aggregate GDP and for most countries is countercyclical. While the standard international real business cycle model has difficulty in accounting for these properties of the data, an extended model that allows for sectoral adjustment along both the intensive and the extensive margins does a much better job of replicating these statistics. The model also matches better the correlation between relative consumption growth and real exchange rate changes, a key measure of international risk‐sharing.

We use a two‐country version of the quality ladders endogenous growth model and show that free international migration raises world growth if it is driven by imbalances in labour supplies. International migration may, however, lower growth if it is induced by policy differences across, countries. Moreover, other things being equal, workers want to migrate to less populated countries, to countries that subsidize R&D less, to countries with lower tariffs, and to countries with wealthier consumers. Neither structural nor public policy differences generate any differences in growth rates across countries when tariffs are set at non‐prohibitively high levels.