Suchergebnisse

We consider the division of a territory into administrative districts responsible for providing a set of goods and services to residents who aresensitive to service congestion. We deduce the optimal architecture of public governance (i.e. the division of government into several levels, thedistribution of services among them, their number of jurisdictions and the size of their administrations), which depends on how citizens weigh theperformance capacity of administrations and the services they produce. We compare it to a decentralized organization where each jurisdiction is free to choose the size and scope of its administration. The resulting architecture generally involves more countries with fewer levels of administration than the optimal one. We use our results to estimate citizen preferences using U.S. data. We find that the country is divided into two zones ("Northeast & West" and "Midwest & South") whose estimated values are statistically different.

We evaluate the employment effect of the green part of the largest fiscal stimulus in recent history, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Each $1 million of green ARRA created 15 new jobs that emerged especially in the post-ARRA period (2013-2017). We find little evidence of significant short-run employment gains. Green ARRA creates more jobs in commuting zones with a greater prevalence of pre-existing green skills. Nearly half of the jobs created by green ARRA investments were in construction or waste management. Nearly all new jobs created are manual labor positions. Nonetheless, manual labor wages did not increase.

The paper provides a synthetic, "strategic" model of transit systems in urban areas that features out a set of modes, quality of service and terminal access, demand and network usage by users' trips, with some hints of spatial heterogeneity. The model encompasses technical relationships relating fleet size and design parameters such as infrastructure length and station spacing, to frequency, commercial speed and access distance, hence to wait time, running time and access/egress time. Economic features are modelled, too: generalized costs to individual users, demand elasticity, supply costs and system welfare. The model can be used for synthetic statistical description of real-world systems as well as for economic analysis and the assessment of given system states against theoretical references. After introducing the model elements and relationships, we put forward a causal diagram that synthesizes the system under study and constitutes the model architecture. We then turn to mathematical analysis to formalize (i) the determination of a system state on the basis of a supply plan, technical relationships and demand behaviour, (ii) the optimisation of system welfare with respect to the action levers on the supply side. Next, for an uncongested system we establish theoretical conditions for both an optimum system state under fixed demand and a second best optimum under variable demand and tariffs. Three "golden rules" for transit network design and management are established, namely (i) balancing the rolling stock costs and the users' costs of waiting time, (ii) balancing the station costs plus the value to users of the dwelling part of their in-network times, against the users' costs of "longitudinal" access times, (iii) balancing the full supply costs and the users' costs of "transversal" access times. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of a System Optimum state are proven and a solution scheme is provided.

We evaluate the employment effect of the green part of the largest fiscal stimulus in recent history, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Each $1 million of green ARRA created 15 new jobs that emerged especially in the post-ARRA period (2013-2017). We find little evidence of significant short-run employment gains. Green ARRA creates more jobs in commuting zones with a greater prevalence of pre-existing green skills. Nearly half of the jobs created by green ARRA investments were in construction or waste management. Nearly all new jobs created are manual labor positions. Nonetheless, manual labor wages did not increase.

International audience ; Le décret « ANF » du 26 décembre 2018 fournit une nouvelle illustration de la place centrale reconnue aux notaires dans la transformation numérique de l'action publique. Traduction de la politique de dématérialisation et de rationalisation de la publicité foncière, ce décret transfère une partie des tâches traditionnellement effectuées par les services de la publicité foncière (SPF) en conférant aux notaires un accès automatisé exclusif au fichier immobilier. Les bouleversements pratiques, économiques et politiques qui en résultent sont considérables.

Dem Nachdenken über den freiheitlichen Verfassungsstaat, seine Wurzeln und vielgestaltigen Herausforderungen widmet der Politologe und Historiker Peter Graf Kielmansegg sein akademisches Leben. Mit der Aufarbeitung seiner Schriften im biographischen und zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext wendet sich diese Studie erstmals einem herausragenden Vertreter der dritten Politologengeneration zu. Anhand der Leitfrage "Worin wurzelt das akademische Werk und welchen Nachhall findet es?" gibt diese Werkbiographie von den Anfängen der Karriere Kielmanseggs in den 1960er Jahren bis hinein in die Gegenwart einen Überblick zu den Themenfeldern seines Werks, den Kontinuitäten und Brüchen hierin sowie zu seinem Verständnis einer normativ grundierten Politikwissenschaft. Kielmanseggs advokatisches Denken umkreist die repräsentative Form der Demokratie und deren spannungsreiche Identität und Stabilität. Ideengeschichtlich fundiert und demokratietheoretisch ausgerichtet, greift er dabei aktuelle Debatten auf und erörtert als "Denklehrer der Demokratie" komplexe Zusammenhänge.

This paper was presented for the first time during the 2018 SASE Annual Conference that was held in June 2018 at Doshisha University. A revised version of this paper is to be published in The Japanese Political Economy. This paper aims at finding out how the shareholder-value pursuit has affected labor policies at large Japanese listed enterprises. It concentrates on the issue of labor bifurcation, whereby the proportion of nonregular employees has grown rapidly over the last two decades, currently approaching the numbers of regular employees.In Japan, corporate governance reforms became key to structural macroeconomic changes according to the 2013 "Japan Revitalization Strategy" formulated by the Cabinet Office. This document mandated the creation of the JPX-Nikkei Index 400 – an index called to accommodate the most investor-friendly joint-stock companies. The move towards a shareholder model has been further reinforced through a rapid surge in foreignstockholding that started during the post-bubble period of the mid-1990s. At the same time, the externalities of increased returns to stockholders have been the changes in the related domains of management and labor, which I explain through the application of the political economic theory. This theory underlines the importance of inclusion into a "political bloc" for being eligible for economic benefits. Consequently, I argue that increased returns to politically privileged shareholders have been achieved at the expense of a growing proportion of unprivileged nonregular employees.The evidence yields support to the argument about the positive correlation between shareholder value and the proportion of nonregulars. On the other hand, foreign stockholding does not appear to be significantly correlated with the increase in nonregular employment. In turn, the study has found that the proportion of nonregular employees is significantly correlated with domestic ownership that characterizes higher managerial entrenchment.

Con los procesos de conurbación regional y el Aeropuerto del Café, Chinchiná puede sacar enormes beneficios de su fortaleza cafetera y posición geoestratégica, siempre y cuando logre una integración con los municipios vecinos para buscar en el largo plazo la complementariedad de sus competencias territoriales y una gestión conjunta y adecuada de los impactos de las nuevas dinámicas económicas, ambientales y sociales relacionas con la economía risaraldense y caldense en el marco de la RAP del Eje Cafetero. Si las decisiones de largo plazo con las capitales cafeteras, Santa Rosa de Cabal y Palestina, pasan por la función catalizadora de la movilidad en el marco de la ciudad región, las asociadas al desarrollo cafetero y turístico, igualmente se deben soportar en acuerdos estables con dichas capitales, y con Palestina, Villa María y Marsella, para la toma de decisiones conjuntas buscando construir sinergias de cara al desarrollo regional.

Un itinerario histórico de la septuagenaria sede de la U.N. Sede Manizales (1848-2018), y perfil de su actual nivel de desarrollo con indicadores que muestran el desempeño y potencial de esta universidad pública al servicio del centro occidente del país, que con sus tres facultades y tres campus universitarios: Palogrande, El Cable, y La Nubia, ocupa el tercer lugar entre las sedes andinas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a key parameter in the analysis of government policy. Most policy decisions are made under ambiguity. This paper studies the effect of changes in ambiguity perception on the value of a statistical life (VSL). We propose a definition of increases in ambiguity perception based on Ekern's (1980) definition of increases in risk. Ambiguity aversion alone is not sufficient to lead to an increase in the VSL when the decision maker perceives more ambiguity. Our results highlight the importance of higher order ambiguity attitudes, particularly ambiguity prudence.

International audience The legal vulgate holds generality as constitutive of the rule. This widely repeated and sometimes criticized definition refers to the formal properties of the rule and not to the rule as it is formulated, read and applied in the concreteness of its practices. The article intends to operate this "re-specification" of the question of the rule, starting from its conceptual constituents, to grasp the relation of reference and use that those who invoke it can have in context. The general and the particular are therefore transformed into categories of practical reasoning, that is, into the achievements of those who resort to the rule in the course of their public, political or judicial actions. In order to deal with the relation of the particular to the general in the practice of law, the article will, first of all, deal with the conception of the rule and its general and abstract character in the doctrine and theory of law. It will then take up the issue from the perspective of practitioners and users of the law. Finally, it will study the so-called "burkini" case to examine how the issue is deployed, in a contingent manner, on a three-tiered level: that of "opinion", that of the administrative authority, and that of the authority that judges. ; La vulgate juridique tient la généralité pour constitutive de la règle. Cette définition largement répétée et parfois critiquée fait référence aux propriétés formelles de la règle et non à la règle telle qu'elle se formule, se lit et s'applique dans la concrétude de ses pratiques. L'article entend opérer cette « respécification » de la question de la règle, en partant de ses constituants conceptuels, pour saisir la relation de référence et d'usage que ceux qui l'invoquent peuvent en avoir en situation. Le général et le particulier se transforment dès lors en catégories du raisonnement pratique, c'est-à-dire en accomplissements de ceux et celles qui recourent à la règle dans le fil de leurs actions publiques, politiques ou judiciaires. Pour traiter le ...

We develop an agent-based model to study the macroeconomic impact of alternativemacro-prudential regulations and their possible interactions with different monetary policyrules. The aim is to shed light on the most appropriate policy mix to achieve the resilienceof the banking sector and foster macroeconomic stability. Simulation results show that atriple-mandate Taylor rule,focused onoutput gap, inflationand credit growth, and a BaselIIIprudential regulationis the bestpolicymix to improve the stability ofthe banking sector andsmooth output fluctuations. Moreover, we consider the different levers of Basel III and theircombinations. We find that minimum capital requirements and counter-cyclical capitalbuffers allow to achieve results close to the Basel III first-best with a much more simplifiedregulatory framework. Finally, the components of Basel III are non-additive: the inclusionof an additional lever does not always improve the performance of the macro-prudentialregulation.

We develop an agent-based model to study the macroeconomic impact of alternativemacro-prudential regulations and their possible interactions with different monetary policyrules. The aim is to shed light on the most appropriate policy mix to achieve the resilienceof the banking sector and foster macroeconomic stability. Simulation results show that atriple-mandate Taylor rule,focused onoutput gap, inflationand credit growth, and a BaselIIIprudential regulationis the bestpolicymix to improve the stability ofthe banking sector andsmooth output fluctuations. Moreover, we consider the different levers of Basel III and theircombinations. We find that minimum capital requirements and counter-cyclical capitalbuffers allow to achieve results close to the Basel III first-best with a much more simplifiedregulatory framework. Finally, the components of Basel III are non-additive: the inclusionof an additional lever does not always improve the performance of the macro-prudentialregulation.

We develop an agent-based model to study the macroeconomic impact of alternativemacro-prudential regulations and their possible interactions with different monetary policyrules. The aim is to shed light on the most appropriate policy mix to achieve the resilienceof the banking sector and foster macroeconomic stability. Simulation results show that atriple-mandate Taylor rule,focused onoutput gap, inflationand credit growth, and a BaselIIIprudential regulationis the bestpolicymix to improve the stability ofthe banking sector andsmooth output fluctuations. Moreover, we consider the different levers of Basel III and theircombinations. We find that minimum capital requirements and counter-cyclical capitalbuffers allow to achieve results close to the Basel III first-best with a much more simplifiedregulatory framework. Finally, the components of Basel III are non-additive: the inclusionof an additional lever does not always improve the performance of the macro-prudentialregulation.

We develop an agent-based model to study the macroeconomic impact of alternativemacro-prudential regulations and their possible interactions with different monetary policyrules. The aim is to shed light on the most appropriate policy mix to achieve the resilienceof the banking sector and foster macroeconomic stability. Simulation results show that atriple-mandate Taylor rule,focused onoutput gap, inflationand credit growth, and a BaselIIIprudential regulationis the bestpolicymix to improve the stability ofthe banking sector andsmooth output fluctuations. Moreover, we consider the different levers of Basel III and theircombinations. We find that minimum capital requirements and counter-cyclical capitalbuffers allow to achieve results close to the Basel III first-best with a much more simplifiedregulatory framework. Finally, the components of Basel III are non-additive: the inclusionof an additional lever does not always improve the performance of the macro-prudentialregulation.