Suchergebnisse

The manifestation, meaning, categorization of emotions, as well as the factors that cause them, have cultural characteristics. To build successful intercultural interaction it is necessary to be aware of them. This study explores classroom discourse and emotions of international students in a multicultural classroom. Our goal is to determine what emotions the discourse of Russian teachers evokes in students from different lingua-cultures and which speech acts have an emotional perlocutionary effect. The material was obtained through a questionnaire with the participation of 70 international students (45 Chinese and 25 Algerian). We focus on emotions and emotional states of surprise, happiness, sadness and offense. Being drawn on qualitative and quantitative methods the comparative analysis showed that the behavior of Russian teachers is more likely to surprise Chinese students than Arab ones, besides Chinese students experience negative emotions and states more often than Arabs which may indicate a greater cultural distance. In relation to speech acts that evoke the emotions, we identified some similarities and differences, which are discussed through the type of culture and cultural values. The results contribute to the study of culture specific features of emotions in communication. They specify the factors that evoke emotions in students belonging to different lingua-cultures, and can contribute to the successful interaction of Russian teachers with international students in a multicultural classroom.

The article raises an important but unpopular question of the possibility of translat­ing Sanskrit philosophical terms and concepts into the Arabic language. In modern (and not only) Indological studies, the specifics of translating Sanskrit philosophical vocabulary into the language of the author of the study are somehow affected. A meaningful translation of philosophical texts from Sanskrit into Arabic is rather a rare phenomenon. In the medieval Arabic literature, two such translations made by al-Bīrūnī are known: a paraphrase of the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali and the transla­tion of the Sāṅkhya-kārikā, which is possibly not extant. We will consider a number of the most important philosophical terms in Sanskrit (generally significant for all areas of Indian philosophy) and their Arabic equivalents proposed by al-Bīrūnī. Among such terms, the most significant is the term karma (karman), known to the general public in its vulgar meaning as a kind of return of negativity to the one who was its source. Less well-known are such important pair-functioning ontological concepts as a subtle one (sūkṣma) and gross one (sthūla). The analysis of the Arabic equivalents of the corresponding Sanskrit words proposed by al-Bīrūnī demonstrates the limits of the possibilities of the Arabic philosophical language (we mean the translation precisely, not calcification, transliteration or transcription).

The article examines the formation of religious-anthropological traditions formed within the framework of Byzantine Christianity and medieval Arab-Muslim philosophy. The views of the Greek-Byzantine theologian and thinker Maximus the Confessor (580–662) regarding man in the Church Fathers' theo­logical development of the main Christian dogma of the Divine Incarnation of Jesus Christ are presented. In terms of philosophical comparativism, the an­thropological concepts of St. Maximus and the most outstanding representative of Islam, the founder of the Sufi philosophical-theological system of the Middle Ages, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111) are compared. Both the common fea­tures of the theology and philosophy of these thinkers and the differences in their anthropological doctrines are demonstrated. One point of intersection is the philosophical idea of the perfect man, which was formed by the Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers and al-Ghazali and based on which they created a broader philosophical-theological understanding of man in his relationship to the Creator. The authors indicate how the idea of human perfection was real­ized in the relation God-man-world ontologically and epistemologically from the perspectives of Eastern Patristics and Sufism. The integrity of the spiritual-bodily man in the orthodox doctrine of Byzantine Christianity is shown. Al-Ghazali's doctrine of man is substantiated as a conceptual comprehension of man's place as a caliph – the deputy of God on earth – in the world's system created by the deity.

This study compares brand competitiveness of European and Korean auto brands in the Russian automotive market based on cross-sectional datasets for 42 auto brands in Russia of the year 2022. The econometric models (OLS, WLS, and Robust least squares) are constructed by employing a theoretical frame of Porter's diamond model. The results of the regression analysis allowed us to get to the conclusion that product diversification, accessibility to dealers (or retail shop) and active social media marketing are critical factors to promote auto sales in the Russian market. Based on the comparison, we can draw two important conclusions. First, Korean auto brands are ahead of the European auto brands in value chain management as they have a huge pool of dealers and maximize contact with potential Russian customers. Secondly, the German auto brands lead when it comes to product diversification and social media marketing. However, Korean auto brands are not behind based on those criteria compared to the average European auto brand, and take an above average-middling position. From the outstanding performance of Korean auto brands in the Russian market especially, it seems that securing numerous retail channels is particularly crucial. The results of this study are helpful for national and international automotives companies to create business strategies in the Russian automotive industry.

The article presents a view on the relativistic component of the psychoanalytic concepts of Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung. In this context, attention is drawn to Freud's attitude toward relativism, initially negative but at the same time being in conflict with the basic tenets of psychoanalysis. Expressing the opinion that the postulation of the presence of a hidden part of the mental system significantly expanded the scope of psychiatry and psychology and relativized the understanding of «mental disorders», the author of the article at the same time argues that, while remaining faithful to the key positivist attitude, Freud consistently rejected all methods of cognition other than science, considering them speculative and therefore not trustworthy. Freud's attitude to the relativization of scientific truth is compared in the article with the position of Jung, who, consistently overcoming the ideological framework of classical psychoanalysis, according to the author, became the one who continued to develop the ideas of its founder in their natural direction. In particular, the author characterizes Jung's key concept of the collective unconscious as deeply relativistic in spirit, since the principle of its operation: the materialization of autonomous content in phenomena of various kinds, implies such a world order in which both the role of man and his capabilities are very relative. The author also expresses the idea that the principles of manifestation of the collective unconscious according to Jung are based on a relativistic understanding of the spacetime factor, while the acausal nature of the manifestations of autonomous content implies deabsolutization of ideas about time and space; on this basis, a conclusion is drawn about the interpenetration of the conceptual attitudes of analytical psychology and relativistic physics (the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics).

Based on the results of surveys of various age groups of the population, the article examines the investment behavior of Russians in modern conditions, focusing on the investment priorities of young people. It is noted that they are interested in and aware of digital tools for investing money, which contribute to higher savings and investment activity. At the same time, it is emphasized that the growth of their investment activity occurs against the background of a relatively low level of financial literacy of young people and unpreparedness for possible turbulence in financial markets, which may in the future lead to the opposite attitude and assessments of to-day's young adults and, accordingly, have negative consequences for the economic and social development of the country as a whole. In the absence of foreign investment inflow, the preservation and development of the propensity to invest in the generation entering the labor market is a very urgent task.

The aim of the article is to consider urban space as a form of social segmentation. Based on the research logic of classical and modern sociological concepts describing variants of geographical space differentiation, the article analyzes Russian cities. It focuses on the heterogeneity of urban space, the formation of the spectrum of consumer and status markers of the neighborhood. According to the author, the markers of socio-spatial seg-mentation are grouped in the area of the city image, the sphere of commercial offers, the actions of privileged groups that lead to the transformation of space. The peculiarities of their impact are manifested both in explicit and implicit forms, forming additional financial and time constraints for the representatives of the urban popu-lation. Certain visual and informational designations represent manipulative elements. The article considers the peculiarities of the city as a sphere of realization of residents' identity, the problems caused by the practices of self-determination, and the behavioral strategies of city dwellers.

This article defines the factors influencing the formation of educational motivation. It is emphasized that its de-velopment is a long and heterogeneous process, affected by both external circumstances and the internal state of a person. Besides, it is stressed that motivation to training, formed against the background of the opinion of others or due to other reasons, not produced by an individual as a result of personal interest in a particular pro-fession, tends to change. In this case, the results of educational activities are usually low. The author examines the relationship between educational motivation and intrapersonal conflict, establishes its influence on the choice of the sphere of application of professional efforts, the strategy of behavior of a future specialist, the results of university studies. It is concluded that the presence of an internal conflict corrects learning motivation, specifies individual development goals, determines the subject's desire for self-improvement.

The symbol of the dragon is an important element of the cultural and historical identity of the Chinese people. This article attempts to analyze the symbol of the dragon in the genesis of Chinese philosophy, particularly in its cosmogonic and cosmological systems. The article shows that the mythological symbol of the dragon did not disappear at an early stage of the formation of Chinese civiliza­tion; on the contrary, it was fixed in the corpus of categories of philosophical thought and was used to express the cosmological laws and principles of Tao. The symbol of dragon can also be found in 4 symbols (or 4 images 四象, si xi­ang), 5 elements (五行, wu xing), 6 harmonies-correspondences (六合, liu he), 7 stars (七星, qi xing), 8 trigrams (八卦, ba gua) and 64 hexagrams (六十四卦, liu shi si gua). The article concludes that the symbol of the dragon lays at the very origins of Chinese culture since it expresses its main archetypal meanings; it embodies the naturalness (⾃然, zi ran) and the cycle of universal changes.

The article presents the results of the students' preferences study when choosing a place to receive higher education. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Philology at Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, its methodology is based on the principles of a survey implemented online on the RAEX Rating Review portal on June 14–23, 2022; the results are compared. The answers record factors that mark the quality of education and social aspects, noted by enrollees when choosing a university, indicate the actual place of global and national rankings among the channels of information about the activities of universities, as well as other sources of information about universities. The conclusions drawn from the results of the survey consider the importance of the quality of educational services and describe aspects that influenced the choice of students such as well-established relations between the university and employers, a high level of internationalization, the possibility of conducting scientific research and internships. The article discusses global and national rankings of institutions of higher education and their role in informing, attitude to the ranking as an assessment tool by enrollees and their parents as the most significant group of stakeholders. It is concluded that a ranking has a teaching function, it is a tool for searching information about the quality of educational services for stakeholders and a tool for creating image for a university; we pay attention to the fact that at present the ranking is not a sufficiently demanded tool. A new important task for universities and ranking agencies is training in how to work with rankings, developing communication channels between stakeholders and universities and monitoring the results of this activity.

Religious and anthropological issues of the Eastern Patristics legacy are under consideration in the article. The conceptual justification of the human being by Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers is submitted, paying attention to antinomianism in understanding the Man essence. The human duality is analyzed in tight with the diversity of historical theologian approaches to clarifying the New Testament thesis on the creation of Man in the image and likeness of God. In this context, a doctrine of Irenaeus, a Church Father of the ante-Nicene period of Christianity, some ideas of a non-canonical Early Christian manuscript, The Shepherd by Hermes of Philippopolis, and teaching on Man by Gregory of Nyssa as one of the profound representatives of the Patristics' classical period are presented. The author examines a notion of deification with specific stress on its religious and philosophical meanings. Deification is studied both as the theoretical foundation for the Eastern Christian anthropological tradition forming over the Middle Ages and as the religious gnosis, purifying, perfecting, and transfiguring of a human being on their God knowing ascending path. Deification is deduced as a peculiar style of life that aims at the eschatological and soteriological prospects of human existence, which are correlated with the highest religious morality and eternal desire to reach the cherished spiritual state of God and Man union. In this regard, the doctrine of a follower of allegorical theology, Maximus the Confessor on the Logoi, or God's energies, is very significant as well as his interpretation of the notion of deification. According to St. Maximus, the comprehension of Logoi by the human being supports the unification of the mundane world with the Creator (the omnipotent Logos). It means the deification of the entire humanity. The article is based on the texts of Church Fathers, which are the sacred primary sources of Christianity.

This article provides a systematic analysis of research devoted to the study of various aspects of social identity in order to determine the theoretical framework for studying the phenomenon of negative identity within the framework of sociology. The following theories are considered: social identity, realistic conflict of identity uncer-tainty. The theory of social identity constitutes a conceptual model elucidating how individuals define their iden-tities through affiliation with social groups, emphasizing the significance of social categories and stereotypes in identity formation. The theory of realistic conflict offers an approach to analyzing conflicts based on the prem-ise that they arise from struggles for material, "realistic" values and resources, even when groups are nominally divided. The theory of identity uncertainty, in turn, focuses on situations wherein individuals encounter difficul-ties in defining their identities, encompassing the concept of "entitativeness" within its scope. In synthesizing these theoretical perspectives, this article offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the multifacet-ed nature of negative identity within sociological discourse. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors shaping negative identity formation, scholars can advance theoretical and empirical inquiries into this complex phenomenon.