Suchergebnisse

This article presents a brief and critical review of current research of political representation of women. Is the number of women in political institutions represents the indicator of development of democratic society and what influences the increase of number of women active participants in the political institutions? Different approaches to the definition and types of political representation are examined, with special emphasis on the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation. The effects of various political factors that determine the presence of women in institutions are considered - the electoral system, the internal organization of parties, selection and recruitment, intra-party rules and lobbying, party magnitude, open/closed electoral lists, voting behavior and the quota system. The results of a large number of studies in this field are compared, with particular reference to the current representation theory - the critical mass, supply and demand, political presence, strategic partnership and critical actors.

Chapter 1: Avoiding 'Day Zero': Challenges and Opportunities for Securing Water for Megacities -- Chapter 2: São Paulo's Water System: A Megacity's efforts to fight water scarcity -- Chapter 3: Challenges for Urban Water Security in London and Cape Town -- Chapter 4: A Megacity's Hydrological Risk: An analysis of water security issues in Jakarta City, Indonesia -- Chapter 5: Creating Water-Secure Futures in Megacities: A Comparative Case Study of 'Day Zero' Cities - Bangalore and Chennai -- Chapter 6: A Pathway for Beijing: Avoiding 'Day Zero' -- Chapter 7: Confronting the System: An Exploration of the Water Security Crisis in Melbourne -- Chapter 8: MENA Megacities Approaching Day Zero: A Comparative Study Between Cairo and Istanbul -- Chaptet 9: Achieving urban water security in Tokyo -- Chapter 10: Toward Sustainability, Away from Collapse: Challenges for Twenty-first Century Megacities.

This project breaks disciplinary silos by bringing those who work in climate finance and policy together with development scholars and practitioners to share lessons, understanding, and research with an overall goal of making a contribution to the climate change field so that those at the community level benefit from the multitude of programmes designed for climate impacts. For some 70 years, International Development specialists have been developing programs and delivering funds to those who most need assistance. There is a wealth of knowledge to be uncovered by examining the international development industry for those who are now tasked with delivering climate finance. The academic, policy, and practitioner communities have spent decades researching, examining, and analyzing both development policies and finance independent of each. This volume will seek to bring that research together. Corrine Cash is Assistant Professor in Geography and Environment at Mount Allison University, Canada. Larry Swatuk is Professor in the School of Environment, Enterprise and Development, University of Waterloo, Canada. .

Literaturverz. S. 173 - 181

Abstract.In this paper, the authors analyze the empirical process of securitization of the US–Canada border and then reflect on the model proposed by the Copenhagen School. We argue that securitization theory oversimplifies the political process of securitizing moves and audience acceptance. Rather than attributing securitization to a singular speaker addressing a specific audience, we present overlapping and ongoing language security games performed by varying relevant actors during the key period between the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) in December 2004 and the signing of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) in June 2005, showing how multiple speakers participate in the continuing construction of a context in which this issue is increasingly treated as a matter of security. We also explore the language adopted by participants in the field, focusing on an expert panel convened by the Homeland Security Institute. We conclude that in the securitization of the US–Canada border there are inconsistencies between truth and discourse, as well as significant distinctions between official and bureaucratic discourses, further emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive model of securitization.Résumé.Dans cet article, les auteurs font l'analyse du processus empirique de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine à travers la réflexion sur le modèle proposé par l'École de Copenhague. Nous soutenons que cette théorie de sécurisation simplifie trop le processus politique de son initiation et de l'acceptation de l'auditeur. Au lieu d'attribuer la sécurisation à un orateur, s'adressant à un public particulier, nous présentons les jeux de langage continuels effectués par plusieurs acteurs pendant la période suivant la Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) en décembre 2004, jusqu'à l'approbation de la Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) en juin 2005. Nous maintenons que plusieurs orateurs participent dans la construction continuelle du contexte dans lequel l'affaire est de plus en plus comprise dans le cadre de sécurité. Nous explorons aussi le langage employé par les participants dans le champ, observant surtout un groupe d'experts convoqué au Homeland Security Institute. Nous concluons que dans le cas de la sécurisation de la frontière Canado-Américaine il existe des incohérences entre le discours et le réel, ainsi que des distinctions significatives entre les discours officiels et bureaucratiques, mettant l'accent sur l'importance d'un modèle compréhensif de sécurisation.

Western Africa is at the crossroad of electrification in order to meet both the electricity needs that are coming from the fast population growth and the lack of access to electricity. Since the current situation of low access to electricity is a fact, we have to keep an optimistic view and see as an opportunity the fact that large proportion of additional MWh needed, may come from a sustainable renewable source like Solar, Wind and hydro.

The aim of this text is to present an activity with politically engaged image in a classroom of university law students, level B2 of the CEFR. The objective of work with image as a classical instrument to incite spontaneous speech becomes in a class of LSP in a university context becomes more complex – tasks are oriented by a double focus: not only on language but also on the content. The language becomes an instrument of thought and a creativity vehicle while pursuing a particular extra-linguistic goal. ; The aim of this text is to present an activity with politically engaged image in a classroom of university law students, level B2 of the CEFR. The objective of work with image as a classical instrument to incite spontaneous speech becomes in a class of LSP in a university context becomes more complex – tasks are oriented by a double focus: not only on language but also on the content. The language becomes an instrument of thought and a creativity vehicle while pursuing a particular extra-linguistic goal.