Suchergebnisse

AbstractLegislation has been proposed that would change the European Union (EU) agricultural supply chain, including targeted reductions in the use of agricultural inputs. Our results indicate that reducing those inputs (fertilizer, pesticides, land, and antimicrobials) could lead to a reduction in the EU agricultural production by 12%, less competitiveness in export markets, and negative impacts to consumer budgets and societal welfare. If the EU were to implement technological improvements, the impacts would be lessened; however, the necessary improvement in technology will require additional investment in research and development. Based on historical trends, these improvements are projected to take up to 27 years.

This paper evaluates the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) recently proposed by the European Commission. We find that if the CCCTB is introduced as it is currently proposed (including loss consolidation), then it is likely to impose large tax revenue costs of about one fifth of the corporate tax base. Second, we show that an application of the CCCTB proposals at only the European Union (EU) level would overlook the extent of profit shifting out of the EU and could lock in further unnecessary revenue losses. Third, major EU profit-shifting countries such as Luxembourg, Ireland and the Netherlands may experience significant revenue losses.

Since the Lisbon Treaty, EU national Parliaments have been recognized as relevant and legitimate players at the supranational level and given tools to be involved beyond the scrutiny of their national government. However, the last decade brought new challenges to the Europeanisation of national Parliaments, with several crises boosting intergovernmentalism. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, examines how EU national Parliaments have adapted to all these challenges and assesses their involvement in EU affairs over the past decade. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Among non-EU female immigrants, women from North Africa and the Middle East show the lowest convergence towards native EU-citizens' labor force participation (LFP) levels. Are their traditional views on gender roles the reason for this phenomenon? In this paper, we analyze the effect of gender roles on the labor market assimilation of immigrant women in the EU using the European Social Survey. We find that all female immigrants assimilate towards natives, but women from more traditional source countries work roughly 4 pp less than women from less traditional source countries over the years of residence in the host country.

The article presents the issue of political inclusion of foreigners from third countries at the level of local government in Poland. Local political rights in Poland apart from citizens are only available to foreigners-citizens of EU countries. In many EU member countries, all foreigners have political rights at local government level if certain conditions are met. To understand whether such a solution is possible in Poland, the public opinion was examined. The article presents the results of the research and provide them for analysis. The research results indicate rather that Poles accept the extension of certain political rights to a group of foreigners from outside the EU.

We analyse the trade routes between the UK and EU countries. Our results show that the relative importance of the UK as a trading partner in the EU has slightly decreased. We further decompose the total value added into components that quantify the value added that is generated through direct trade with the UK and the indirect trade that is channelled through third countries. Close to one third of the total value added is generated through indirect trade and two thirds through direct trade. Furthermore, 18 per cent of EU countries' value-added trade to the UK passes through the UK onto other countries.

The UK's withdrawal from the EU will not bring about immediate changes to the substance of environmental law in the UK, but that law will become easier to change. The future position is complicated by devolution within the UK, where differing policy objectives on continuing alignment with the EU and weaknesses in the inter-governmental structures are causing problems. Environmental principles are being given legal recognition and new structures for environmental governance being created for each nation. These include environmental watchdogs that go some of the way to making up for the loss of the oversight provided by the EU institutions.

Als zuständige Behörde hat das Hessische Landesamt für Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie (HLNUG) auch 2017 mit der Umgebungslärmkartierung gemäß der EU-Umgebungsrichtlinie (ULR) [1] die Mindestanforderungen der EU-Kommission erfüllt. Im Anschluss führte das HLNUG eine erweiterte sogenannte PLUS-Kartierung mit allen Straßen auch unterhalb der Schwellenwerte durch. Im Heft Nr. 4 Juli 2018 der Lärmbekämpfung berichtete das HLNUG ausführlich über die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen dieser Kartierung. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurde im Jahr 2019 auf der Grundlage der VDI 3722 Blatt 2 [2] eine Gesamtlärmkartierung fertiggestellt. Zweck dieser Kartierung ist es zum einen an Orten, an denen Immissionen von mehreren Lärmarten auftreten, ein Maß der Gesamtbelastung einschätzen zu können. Zum anderen ermöglicht die Betrachtung, auch Orte zu identifizieren, an denen es potenziell äußerst geringe Lärmimmissionen gibt – also potenziell ruhige Gebiete. Die Ausweisung ruhiger Gebiete ist ebenfalls eine Anforderung der EU-Umgebungslärmrichtlinie. Das Vorgehen der Stadt Kassel zur Festlegung ruhiger Gebiete zeigt, dass eine Gesamtlärmkartierung eine effiziente Grundlage zur Erfüllung dieser Anforderung darstellt.

The aim of this article is to critically analyze the instrument of the European protection order. In a border–free EU there are many situations in which individuals in need of protection require specific attention at EU level. Nevertheless, this protection cannot be effective without a real mutual recognition within the EU ; El propósito de este artículo es analizar críticamente el instrumento de la orden europea de protección. En una Unión Europea sin fronteras podemos imaginar diversas situaciones en las que los ciudadanos requieren de una medida de protección transnacional. Protección que no puede ser efectiva sin un reconocimiento mutuo real dentro de la Unión.

Among the many crises tormenting the Old Continent, the course and consequences of the migration crisis that began in 2015 are particularly noteworthy. There following issues should be highlighted:
– the migration crisis manifests the internal weakness of the EU, since it has not been predicted, effectively neutralized nor managed properly;
– the migration crisis has produced a division inside the EU;
– the migration crisis has led to internal political and social crises in many EU countries;
– the migration crisis has produced far-reaching outcomes (such as increased populism and xenophobia, division of Europe into the East and the West).

This article discusses strategies designed to assist European Union (EU) health systems respond to the urgent health needs of refugees and migrants, assessing the situation from both an EU and global perspective. The article provides an overview of the legal framework, political policies, actions taken and the funding issues facing European institutions and international organizations as they seek to strengthen their response to healthcare needs of refugees and migrants. This article argues that EU member states need to be committed to improving the health status of refugees and migrants and reinforce their capabilities to advocate for respect for their basic right to health.

The chapter aims to investigate whether the EU serves as a model for other international organizations or whether it does not really fit that mould, and concludes that it does both simultaneously. The EU is an organization unlike any other, but has in important respects paved the way for others - not only by its particular structure and concrete activities, but also, and perhaps most importantly, on the epistemological level: it was the EU which was largely responsible for stimulating the possibility for international organizations to not only affect their member states, as traditionally supposed, but to directly reach individuals within those member states. ; Peer reviewed

The literature on the growth effects of European integration remains inconclusive. This is due to severe methodological difficulties mostly driven by country heterogeneity. This paper addresses these concerns using the synthetic control method. It constructs counterfactuals for countries that joined the European Union (EU) from 1973 to 2004. We find that growth effects from EU membership are large and positive, with Greece as the exception. Despite substantial variation across countries and over time, we estimate that without European integration, per capita incomes would have been, on average, approximately 10% lower in the first ten years after joining the EU.

Das Urheberrecht ist ein bedeutender Tragpfeiler unseres Wirtschaftssystems. Es schützt persönliche geistige Schöpfungen und soll als Rechtsgrundlage dienen, auf deren Basis die Motivation, kreative Werke auf den Markt zu bringen, gefördert wird. Doch seitdem es das Urheberrecht gibt, ist es umstritten. Die Digitalisierung fordert alle beteiligten Akteure zudem in einer rasanten Geschwindigkeit zu Anpassungen und - insbesondere in der Wirtschaft - zur digitalen Transformation heraus. Die bisher geltende Dreieckskonstellation zwischen Urhebern, Verwertern und Nutzern ist obendrein obsolet. Intermediäre wie beispielsweise Diensteanbieter sind als neue Mitspieler vor allem aus benachbarten Branchen auf den Markt getreten, die wiederum einer geringeren Regulierungsdichte unterliegen. Und als wäre das nicht genug, stoßen die Akteure innerhalb des Wirtschaftsraumes der Europäischen Union auf bisher 28 verschiedene nationale Gesetzgebungen. Mit der Einigung auf eine Reform der EU-Richtlinie im April 2019 ist die EU einen großen Schritt hin zu einer Harmonisierung des Urheberrechts gegangen. Doch die Zusatzerklärung der Bundesregierung ist Sinnbild der Unstimmigkeiten auf dem Weg zu einer EU-weiten Harmonisierung und zeigte gleich bei der Abstimmung neuen Handlungsbedarf auf. Ist nach der Richtlinie gleich vor der Richtlinie?