Suchergebnisse

International audience ; What does it mean for a corporation to be transparent in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? The search for transparency is presented as a key driver of a sustainability policies (Gray, 1992; Milne, Kearins, & Walton, 2006). Yet, transparency in practice – as it is materialized through standards – is far from transparency in principle. The gap between the ostensive and performative aspects of transparency have to be analyzed (Latour, 1984). In this paper, we propose to study practices and processes, i.e. the way in which transparency is materialized into specific instruments and technologies that currently govern corporate conducts: private CSR reporting standards. For that purpose, we analyze two widely diffused CSR corporate standards (the GRI and the CDP), stressing the shiftings between the original discourses on transparency of their promoters to their implementation into a set of tools and technologies. We highlight and discuss a risk of capture of transparency principles by the auditing profession who is at the forefront of such standards.

International audience ; What does it mean for a corporation to be transparent in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? The search for transparency is presented as a key driver of a sustainability policies (Gray, 1992; Milne, Kearins, & Walton, 2006). Yet, transparency in practice – as it is materialized through standards – is far from transparency in principle. The gap between the ostensive and performative aspects of transparency have to be analyzed (Latour, 1984). In this paper, we propose to study practices and processes, i.e. the way in which transparency is materialized into specific instruments and technologies that currently govern corporate conducts: private CSR reporting standards. For that purpose, we analyze two widely diffused CSR corporate standards (the GRI and the CDP), stressing the shiftings between the original discourses on transparency of their promoters to their implementation into a set of tools and technologies. We highlight and discuss a risk of capture of transparency principles by the auditing profession who is at the forefront of such standards.

В статье представлен анализ различных аспектов обеспечения социально-политической стабильности, содержащихся в документах стратегического планирования в области национальной безопасности России. В них уделяется серьезное внимание вопросам предупреждения, выявления и пресечения действий экстремистских, сепаратистских и террористических структур, массовых беспорядков, повышения устойчивости государства к деструктивному информационному воздействию и военному ослаблению. Однако вопросы противодействия политической дестабилизации рассматриваются в разных доктринальных документах и изолированно друг от друга, без взаимной увязки в рамках единой стратегии или концепции.The article presents an analysis of different aspects of security of social and political stability as reflected in the documents of strategic planning of Russia's national security. In the documents the main attention focuses on the prevention, detection and suppression of acts of extremist, separatist and terrorist organizations, riots, state's increasing sustainability to the destructive impact of the information influence and military weakening. However, the issues of counteracting the political destabilization are considered separately from each other, without integrating them in a single strategy or conception.

As the cold war ends there appears to be less a rising of capitalist market economies or of newly invigorated enlightenment than of angry ethnonationalism & parochial chauvinism. In the US, the toppling of the white republic's institutionalized racism -- legislatively established segregation, "Jim Crow" laws, & juridically enforced race discrimination -- has made its second line of defense -- the walls built against job opportunities & occupational advancement -- both more visible & less vulnerable to assault. It should be seen in terms of the desire to enlarge on a more humane enlightenment & a more comprehensive civil rights policy -- in effect, to extend the principles of the Declaration of Independence to the performance required by the US Constitution. One aspect of such an extension would be a renewed understanding of the principle of equality as expressed through the Thirteenth & Fourteenth Amendments. Much of the present difficulty can be credited to the failure of so many to see that the protection of the life, liberty, & property of all persons sometimes required the enactment of laws that benefit some of those persons -- eg, the minority whose rights have been violated, neglected, abrogated, or never before recognized. African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, & women belong among the beneficiaries of laws, programs, & policies that seek to provide affirmative action in behalf of jobs, education, training, & professionalization. Such laws, programs, & policies are not rightly considered to be instances of reverse discrimination; rather, they apply precisely to those to whom they ought to apply & work in behalf of a legitimate public purpose -- the mandate of the Thirteenth Amendment. However, even if it should be agreed that the cluster of peoples designated supra are appropriately classified with respect to the fulfillment of the aims of the Civil War amendments, there still would remain the question of how to determine whether an individual, if challenged as to his or her ancestry, is in fact a member of the ethnoracial group that is benefited. Here, the review of several naturalization cases provides a preview of what might occur, & a warning about the difficulties to be overcome. AA

"This book examines the COVID-19 pandemic through socioeconomic lens that draw on history, approaches to state-market relations, and public policy perspectives In 2020, the world experienced the worst pandemic since the outbreak of the Spanish Flu of 1918, which continues to have far[1]reaching implications for the global economy and triggered macro-economic dislocations that severely affected the most vulnerable countries and segments of society. This book was conceived as a response to the disruptive shifts induced by the pandemic, with a particular focus on South Africa. International experience has shown that countries and societies that have gone through tough economic times, either as a consequence of wars or economic depressions, have responded to crises by enacting unpopular policy measures based on difficult tradeoffs, which often made way for innovation. The authors outline policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis and propose several interventions to mitigate its effects. These include developing innovative approaches to fiscal and monetary policies, labour market policies, industrial policies, as well as social policies. Building state capabilities, improving the governance and performance of state institutions, and managing digital change are some of the clear policy interventions that are laid out in this book. Mzukisi Qobo is Head of School at the Wits School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Mills Soko is Professor of International Business and Strategy at the Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Nomfundo Xenia Ngwenya is Visiting Research Fellow at the Wits School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. She is also Managing Director at NXN Analytics."--Publisher's description.

"The focus of this book is on how rural society has been reorganized in the 21st century. The first chapters outline the basic organizational structure of rural China and can be used as an introduction to the topic in a classroom setting. They show how the state and its social scientists draw up plans to overcome the perceived lack of rural social organization, and discuss the often problem-ridden implementation of their ideas. The second section presents case studies of institutions that organize key aspects of rural life: Boarding schools where rural children learn to accept organizational hierarchies; lineage organizations carving out new roles for themselves; "dragonhead enterprises" expected to organize agricultural production and support rural development, and several others. The book is of theoretical interest because of its focus on the re-embedding, or reintegration, of individuals into new types of collectivities, which are less predetermined by tradition and habit and more a matter of, at least perceived, individual choice. Most chapters are based on extensive fieldwork and contain vivid examples from daily life, which will make the book attractive to anyone who wants to understand how Chinese villagers experience the extraordinary social changes they are going through."--Provided by publisher

В статье рассматривается один из аспектов эволюции британской колониальной идеологии в 1920-е гг., связанный с творчеством видного деятеля Лейбористской партии Леонарда Вульфа. Важное внимание при этом уделяется анализу ключевых составляющих его концепции, которые легли в основу стратегии партии в колониальной сфере идеям морального долга и социальной ответственности британского общества за развитие колоний и их подготовку к политическому самоуправлению.The article examines one aspect of the evolution of British colonial ideology in the 1920s, associated with the work of a prominent figure in the Labour party Leonard Woolf. Important attention is paid to the analysis of the most important components of the concept, which formed the basis of the party's strategy in the colonial sphere the ideas of moral obligation and social responsibility of the British society for the development of colonies and their preparation for political self-government.

National audience ; En quelques années, les politiques de la qualité ont non seulement été mises en œuvre par un nombre croissant d'entreprises, mais cette mise en œuvre, ses aspects et ses enjeux ont suscité un intérêt grandissant de la part des chercheurs en sciences sociales. La prolifération conjointe des démarches qualité et des études qui lui sont consacrées nous offre l'occasion de réfléchir sur les raisons de cette prolifération même, et donc sur les motifs qui en justifient la poursuite. Si l'attention des chercheurs, d'abord focalisée sur le rôle de la qualité dans les relations partenariales, s'oriente de plus en plus sur les effets organisationnels de la qualité, la mise à jour de ces effets a tôt fait de nous ramener vers l'extérieur, et notamment vers la place du « client » dans le « pilotage qualité » des organisations.

National audience ; En quelques années, les politiques de la qualité ont non seulement été mises en œuvre par un nombre croissant d'entreprises, mais cette mise en œuvre, ses aspects et ses enjeux ont suscité un intérêt grandissant de la part des chercheurs en sciences sociales. La prolifération conjointe des démarches qualité et des études qui lui sont consacrées nous offre l'occasion de réfléchir sur les raisons de cette prolifération même, et donc sur les motifs qui en justifient la poursuite. Si l'attention des chercheurs, d'abord focalisée sur le rôle de la qualité dans les relations partenariales, s'oriente de plus en plus sur les effets organisationnels de la qualité, la mise à jour de ces effets a tôt fait de nous ramener vers l'extérieur, et notamment vers la place du « client » dans le « pilotage qualité » des organisations.

[ES]El presente trabajo fin de máster en forma de unidad didáctica gira en torno al pensamiento utópico para tratarlo en todas sus dimensiones. El principal objetivo es el de arrojar luz sobre esta temática tan fundamental en la cultura occidental, tan vigente a lo largo de la historia como siempre y, por ello, tan atractiva por su capacidad de imaginar nuevos mundos, así como controvertida y crítica con el statu quo vigente en cada época. Tras hacer un repaso histórico a través de las utopías literarias y algunos proyectos utópicos pasados, se tratará su potencialidad y utilidad, las críticas y embates que ha tenido que resistir, una plausible reformulación y reivindicación del mismo, concluyendo por hallar su vigencia y actualidad tanto a nivel general como en el ámbito educativo. Tras establecer y fundamentar (tanto epistemológica como legalmente) el marco teórico en cuestión, se propondrá su transposición didáctica partiendo de un determinado enfoque pedagógico (el constructivismo), atendiendo a la contextualización de todos los aspectos involucrados y todos los elementos curriculares, tanto básicos como complementarios e innovadores, para que el alumnado pueda trabajar y desarrollar un conjunto de capacidades, competencias, valores y saberes necesarios y significativos para su vida social y académica. ; [EN]The present Master's Dissertation in the form of a didactic unit revolves around utopian thought in order to deal with it in all its dimensions. The main aim is to shed light on this theme as fundamental in Western culture, as current throughout history as ever, so attractive for its ability to imagine new worlds, as well as controversial and critical of the status quo in force at each time. After making a historical review through literary utopias and some past utopian projects, its potentiality and usefulness will be discussed, as well as the criticism and attacks that has had to resist and fight back, a plausible reformulation and vindication of it and concluding by finding its validity and topicality at a general level and in the educational field. After establishing and substantiating (both epistemologically and legally) the theoretical framework in question, its didactic transposition will be proposed based on a certain pedagogical approach (constructivism), attending to the contextualization of all the aspects involved and all the curricular elements, both basic, complementary and innovative, so that students can work and develop a set of skills, competences, values and knowledge necessary and significant for their social and academic life.

The perennial shrub sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) provides multiple products that are beneficial to human health. In addition, the plant can also be used to combat desertification. In contrast to the vast ecological, agronomic and nutritional literature on this species, little is known about its economic and marketing aspects, particularly in Central Asia. We therefore analysed the private and social competitiveness of sea buckthorn farming in 21 households of Bulgan county of Khovd province in Mongolia. The results show that half of the interviewed sea buckthorn farmers are privately competitive. We found that social competitiveness exceeded private competitiveness because while private output prices are supported by government policies, which increases private profits, input prices are also supported, which reduces the competitiveness. The net effect of supports to input and output prices taxes producers and reduces private competitiveness. In our study area the most competitive households had larger land sizes, fenced wild sea buckthorn areas, and were more experienced than others. The competitiveness of sea buckthorn farming increased from 2012 to 2013, which may be due to a government subsidy programme. Given the social and environmental benefits of sea buckthorn production, future government programmes should consider supporting the production through subsidies to make private households more competitive.

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la coévolution des inégalités sociales, des dispositifs de solidarité et du système économique à travers trois grandes phases durant lesquelles les dispositifs de solidarité ont combiné de manière différenciée deux grandes formes de solidarité, par les proximités (par en bas) vs par l'attribution de droits (par en haut). Avec la globalisation de l'économie et la crise des années 2008 et suivantes, les inégalités sociales se sont accentuées et ont revêtu un aspect spatial marqué, jusqu'à une échelle micro-locale. En nous appuyant sur une approche théorique en termes de proximité et en nous référant aux situations largement évoquées aujourd'hui dans la littérature, nous analysons l'incapacité des politiques publiques à répondre efficacement à cette accentuation par la seule prise en compte de la proximité géographique. De nouvelles solidarités « par le bas » tendent en revanche à apporter des réponses hors de la dualité Etat-marché; elles s'apparentent à de nouvelles formes de communs que nous désignons comme « communs sociaux ». Nous montrons en quoi ces communs se distinguent des modalités anciennes de solidarité communautaire. Nous soulignons enfin à quelles conditions ces communs sont susceptibles de constituer des réponses justes et durables à l'accentuation actuelle des inégalités sociales.

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la coévolution des inégalités sociales, des dispositifs de solidarité et du système économique à travers trois grandes phases durant lesquelles les dispositifs de solidarité ont combiné de manière différenciée deux grandes formes de solidarité, par les proximités (par en bas) vs par l'attribution de droits (par en haut). Avec la globalisation de l'économie et la crise des années 2008 et suivantes, les inégalités sociales se sont accentuées et ont revêtu un aspect spatial marqué, jusqu'à une échelle micro-locale. En nous appuyant sur une approche théorique en termes de proximité et en nous référant aux situations largement évoquées aujourd'hui dans la littérature, nous analysons l'incapacité des politiques publiques à répondre efficacement à cette accentuation par la seule prise en compte de la proximité géographique. De nouvelles solidarités « par le bas » tendent en revanche à apporter des réponses hors de la dualité Etat-marché; elles s'apparentent à de nouvelles formes de communs que nous désignons comme « communs sociaux ». Nous montrons en quoi ces communs se distinguent des modalités anciennes de solidarité communautaire. Nous soulignons enfin à quelles conditions ces communs sont susceptibles de constituer des réponses justes et durables à l'accentuation actuelle des inégalités sociales.

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la coévolution des inégalités sociales, des dispositifs de solidarité et du système économique à travers trois grandes phases durant lesquelles les dispositifs de solidarité ont combiné de manière différenciée deux grandes formes de solidarité, par les proximités (par en bas) vs par l'attribution de droits (par en haut). Avec la globalisation de l'économie et la crise des années 2008 et suivantes, les inégalités sociales se sont accentuées et ont revêtu un aspect spatial marqué, jusqu'à une échelle micro-locale. En nous appuyant sur une approche théorique en termes de proximité et en nous référant aux situations largement évoquées aujourd'hui dans la littérature, nous analysons l'incapacité des politiques publiques à répondre efficacement à cette accentuation par la seule prise en compte de la proximité géographique. De nouvelles solidarités « par le bas » tendent en revanche à apporter des réponses hors de la dualité Etat-marché; elles s'apparentent à de nouvelles formes de communs que nous désignons comme « communs sociaux ». Nous montrons en quoi ces communs se distinguent des modalités anciennes de solidarité communautaire. Nous soulignons enfin à quelles conditions ces communs sont susceptibles de constituer des réponses justes et durables à l'accentuation actuelle des inégalités sociales.

This collection examines political communication in early modern Britain. Leading historians of the period scrutinise relations between centre and locality and how the state interacted with its citizens. They place communication at the heart of both political and social history to provide an impetus for further scholarship.