Suchergebnisse

AbstractAs emergency managers and other government and nongovernmental organizations in the United States cope with a variety of catastrophic events, including unprecedented natural disasters and a global pandemic, the role of government trust in responding to and addressing the threat from such events has gained attention among policy and public administration scholars. How changes in government trust following extreme events may influence public support for government‐led climate policy is an unknown, yet potentially important, dimension of climate mitigation policy preference formation. To address this gap, we analyze cross‐sectional survey responses (n = 1756) collected from 10 communities that experienced extreme weather events. We find that perceptions of event‐related harm are positively associated with an increase in self‐reported local government trust following an extreme weather event, and that increases in local and federal government trust are associated with higher levels of support for climate change mitigation policy. Our findings have implications for emergency managers, policymakers, and policy scholars as they consider how interactions with various levels of government during and after extreme events shapes public support for climate policy.

Politiche, misure e strumenti per contenere le emissioni di CO2 Illustriamo l'ultimo contributo al quarto Rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici votato a maggio 2007 dal terzo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato intergovernativo "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". Il Rapporto affronta la problematica delle tendenze delle emissioni dei gas serra e il tema della mitigazione a breve e lungo termine. Presentiamo un'analisi critica delle proposte del documento.

Tese de mestrado em Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020 ; As alterações climáticas (AC) presentam-se como um dos maiores desafios que a humanidade confronta atualmente. O aumento dos eventos climáticos extremos, a elevação do nível médio do mar, a perda massiva da biodiversidade e a diminuição da segurança alimentar são apenas algumas das muitas consequências do aquecimento global que ameaçam nossa civilização. Organizações e governos de todo o mundo compreenderam a necessidade urgente de confrontar este desafio. Como resultado, a Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas (UNFCCC) elaborou uma declaração de intenções internacional para limitar o aquecimento global abaixo dos 1,5ºC relativamente aos níveis pré-industriais, o acordo de Paris (2015), integrando 185 países signatários. A Agenda 2030 dedicou um SDG específico à Ação Climática (SDG 13) que abrange tanto a mitigação quanto a adaptação das AC. O Pacto Verde Europeu visa atingir a neutralidade carbónica até 2050 e vários milhares de milhões de euros serão destinados para este fim. Apesar de todas as intenções positivas para confrontar este desafio, as atuais Contribuições Nacionais Determinadas (NDC) de muitas regiões, incluindo a UE, são insuficientes para limitar o aquecimento global abaixo de 2ºC. A tendência global das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) ainda está a aumentar. O UNDP, a UN-Habitat e a Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments destacam a importância e os benefícios de localizar, com o fim de apoiar as ações para mitigação das AC e para o desenvolvimento sustentável (SD). Os governos locais têm a possibilidade de proceder com medidas contextuais que são fundamentais para potencializar os benefícios e reduzir os efeitos adversos das medidas adotadas, tanto para a ação climática quanto para o desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, o apelo para esta abordagem bottom-up (de abaixo para cima no nível hierárquico ou espacial) requer certa energia por parte ...

Climate change is an issue that has been generating a significant amount of discussion, research, and debate in recent years. Climate change continues to evolve at a rapid rate and continues to have a wide array of effects on everything from temperature to plant life. Beyond the negative environmental impacts, climate change is also proving to be a detriment to society with increasingly violent natural disasters and human health effects. It is essential to stay up to date on the latest in emerging research within this field as it continues to develop. The Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change discusses the varied effects of climate change throughout all areas of life and provides a comprehensive dive into the latest research on key elements of society that are affected by the rapidly increasing clime. Covering a range of topics including reproduction, plants and animals, and energy demand, it is ideal for environmentalists, policymakers, environmental engineers, scientists, disaster and crisis management personnel, professionals, government officials, practitioners, upper-level students, and academics interested in emerging research on the numerous impacts of climate change

Estimates of economic implications of climate policy are important inputs into policy-making. Despite care to contextualize quantitative assessments of mitigation costs, one strong view outside academic climate economics is that achieving Paris Agreement goals implies sizable macroeconomic losses. Here, we argue that this notion results from unwarranted simplification or omission of the complexities of quantifying mitigation costs, which generates ambiguity in communication and interpretation. We synthesize key factors influencing mitigation cost estimates to guide interpretation of estimates, for example from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and suggest ways to improve the underlying models. We propose alternatives for the scenario design framework, the framing of mitigation costs and the methods used to derive them, to better inform public debate and policy. ; Aside from "PARIS REINFORCE" (Grant No. 820846), the authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from EU Horizon 2020 Projects ENGAGE (GA: 821471) and NAVIGATE (GA: 821124)

This dissertation presents five empirical papers dealing with innovation activities in climate change mitigation technologies and their international diffusion. We first construct a data set including all patents filed worldwide since 1978 in 13 technologies with high climate change mitigation potential. We use this data to provide a descriptive analysis of innovative activity in these technologies and of their international diffusion. The data suggest that the Kyoto Protocol has induced more innovation in low carbon technologies. Both innovation and technology transfer are concentrated in developed countries, although exports to emerging economies are growing rapidly. We then use the same data to analyze the determinants of the cross-border diffusion of climate-friendly technology. We focus on the influence of various policy variables, including tariff rates, intellectual property rights and barriers to foreign direct investment. In the third paper, we focus on four renewable energy technologies and examine the influence of domestic and foreign regulation on innovation activity. We find strong evidence that inventors respond to foreign environmental regulation by increasing their innovation effort. In the second part, we build a data set of 644 projects registered under the Kyoto protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). We use this data to provide an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM and to analyze the drivers of technology transfer by CDM projects. In the last paper, we focus on four countries gathering about 75% of the CDM projects (Brazil, China, India and Mexico) and explain inter-country differences in transferring technology. ; Cette thèse présente cinq analyses empiriques sur l'innovation et la diffusion internationale des technologies permettant de lutter contre le réchauffement climatique. Nous utilisons une base de données de tous les brevets déposés depuis 1978 dans 13 technologies à fort potentiel de réductions d'émissions pour décrire l'innovation dans ces ...

There is presently an urgent demand for efficient and/or renewable energy technologies to correct global warming. However, these energy technologies are limited mainly by political and economic constraints of high costs and the lack of subsidy. Carbon-pricing strategies, such as carbon-emission taxes and carbon-emission trading schemes, may reduce this gap between sustainable and unsustainable energy technologies. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze both of these carbon-pricing instruments in the Mexican energy sector to promote upgrading biogas investment and to substitute liquified petroleum gas consumption using an optimization approach. Furthermore, we propose a multi-objective optimization approach to encourage investment in the biogas supply chain supported by an effective use of carbon-pricing schemes. A case study of the central western region of Mexico was made to analyze the performance of the proposed methodologies. The results show that carbon-emission taxes and carbon-emission trading systems stimulate, with some limitations, the investment in biogas projects for fossil fuel substitution. Nevertheless, using the proposed multi-objective optimization formulation leads the discovery of a more efficient use of the above-mentioned carbon-pricing schemes, thus reaching higher economic and environmental benefits than traditional carbon-pricing policies, with a lower cost/price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.