Suchergebnisse

Scholarship on separation of powers assumes executives are constrained by legislative approval when placing agents in top policy-making positions. But presidents frequently fill vacancies in agency leadership with unconfirmed, temporary officials or leave them empty entirely. I develop a novel dataset of vacancies across 15 executive departments from 1977 to 2016 and reevaluate the conventional perspective that appointment power operates only through formal channels. I argue that presidents' nomination strategies include leaving positions empty and making interim appointments, and this choice reflects presidents' priorities and the character of vacant positions. The evidence indicates that interim appointees are more likely when positions have a substantial capacity to act on presidential expansion priorities and suggest that presidents can capitalize on their first-mover advantage to evade Senate confirmation. The results further suggest that separation of powers models may need to consider how deliberate inaction and sidestepping of formal powers influence political control and policy-making strategies.

Why Noncompliance traces the history of noncompliance within the European Union (EU), focusing on which states continuously do or do not follow EU Law, why, and how that affects the governance in the EU and beyond. In exploring the EU's long and varied history of noncompliance, Tanja A. Börzel takes a close look at the diverse groups of noncompliant states throughout the EU's existence. Why do states that are vocally critical of the EU have a better record of compliance than those that support the EU? Why has noncompliance been declining since the 1990s, even though the EU was adding member-states and numerous laws? Börzel debunks conventional wisdoms in EU compliance research, showing that noncompliance in the EU is not caused by the new Central and Eastern European member states, nor by the Eurosceptic member states. So why do these states take the brunt of Europe's misplaced ire? Why Noncompliance introduces politicization as an explanatory factor that has been long overlooked in the literature and scholarship surrounding the European Union. Börzel argues that political controversy combined with voting power and administrative capacity, explains why noncompliance with EU law has been declining since the completion of the Single Market, cannot be blamed on the EU's Central and Easter European member states, and is concentrated in areas where EU seeks to protect citizen rights. Thanks to generous funding from Freie Universitat Berlin, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other repositories.

The survey was conducted between April 11-15, 2020 on a sample of 1008 people selected from 116 urban and rural localities in all counties of Romania. He measured people's religious beliefs (in God, Hell, the Last Judgment, icons, reincarnation), self-perception (lucky, happy, hardworking, patriotic), self-assessment of the health of certain organs or problems (heart, brain, bones, teeth, infections), the perception of the involvement of the authorities in the management of the COVID crisis, the trust in the political leaders, the voting intentions.

This article explores the Seoul National Cemetery's (SNC) characteristics as a memory space that is used to reproduce the official state narrative of South Korea history. A place for mainly commemorating the dead of the Korean War, the SNC would be used to promote an anticommunist Cold War frame. Hence, it has been useful for conservative forces to maintain hegemony in the ideological discourse forming part of the "remembrance war" with progressives in South Korea's increasingly liberal and pluralistic society. This analysis sheds light on discrepancies regarding who and what are remembered, how they are remembered, and why they are remembered. These discrepancies are represented in the contradicting deeds of the dead commemorated at the site, tensions in the symbolic vocabulary and architectural design of the SNC, and in competing deeds of those who are buried there and at other cemeteries.

Overlapping norms in regulations, for example in the Natural Resources sector in terms of ease of investment, which previously had been sufficiently well regulated in the Law, many of the rules were cut through the omnibus law draft. The issues to be discussed are the constitutionality of the omnibus law concept in achieving legal certainty and usefulness in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical legal research. The results show that the omnibus law will also not interfere with the hierarchy of statutory regulations because the omnibus law is actually applied the same as the usual statutory regulation formation system. Apart from that, the omnibus law will also provide significant legal objectives in the form of legal certainty and usefulness compared to the normal law revision method (one by one).

This study lies within the framework of the years 1945-1955, which correspond to Clement Attlee's Labourite and Winston Churchill's Conservative administrations. The objective is to demonstrate, by means of an analysis of their speeches and the proposals of their respective political parties, that the ideological differences hindered a total agreement. These primary sources are examined from several perspectives. The main emphasis of this study falls on the ideology as a distinctive element and its influence on other fields such as education, the welfare system or the economy. The results reveal a lack of consensus based on their opposite political cultures. ; Este trabajo de investigación se enmarca en el período comprendido entre 1945 y 1955, que se corresponde con las administraciones del laborista Clement Attlee y del conservador Winston Churchill. El objetivo es demostrar, mediante un análisis de sus discursos y las propuestas de sus respectivos partidos políticos, que las diferencias ideológicas impidieron un acuerdo total. Se abordan estas fuentes primarias desde varias perspectivas, teniendo como eje principal la ideología como elemento diferenciador y su repercusión en ámbitos como la educación, el estado del bienestar o la economía. Los resultados revelan una falta de consenso proveniente de culturas políticas opuestas.

Few journals in the social sciences have published as much over the past twenty years on the reality of racial, cultural, and social inequality in law and practice as the Journal of Black Studies. In this special issue edited in the 50th year of the journal we have initiated a series related to the evolution of human relations that considers where we have been and what we need to arrive at the place where we should be. In this issue we look at the presence of violence against African descended people, the mediations of people, laws, and processes intervening in the nature of our interactions in order to establish a more humane future. This issue should allow teachers, scholars and students to re-evaluate and re-examine their own set of assumptions, actions, and potentialities in regard to humanity.