Medical Waste produced by health care activities including a wide range of materials, from used syringes and needles to soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, body parts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, blood, medical devices and radioactive materials. In most developing countries, proper waste management system does not exist. In Pakistan, Government hospitals, no special techniques for waste handling, and due to lack of awareness, hospital staff normally treats all solid wastes carelessly. The present study is to determine the frequency of attitudes and practices of hospital waste management and environmental laws. The study was conducted in the Multan from August, 2016 to September, 2016. The sample was consisted of 100 hospital staff including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and class IV employees through convenience sampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. The study concluded that that in spite of all these laws and rules, the implementations, regulation and compliance still low have serious concerns for the environmental and public health due to unawareness, lack of strict hospital management and regular monitoring. There is gap between theory, rules, laws and its practices.
Syekh Yusuf Gowa Hospital is one of the hospitals which implemented medical waste management. This hospital is a public hospital and included in class B category according to PERMEN 340/MenKes/PER/III/2010. This category is based on quality, human resources, equipment, facilities and infrastructure, administration and management, and service capability of this hospital. Moreover, this hospital is adjacent with residential and office complex in Sungguminasa City. Therefore, the medical waste management in this hospital should be monitored and evaluated comparing with the government rules (Permenkes). The objectives of this research are to find out the quantity of medical solid waste generation and its characteristics, to ascertain the system of medical waste management, and to evaluate the system of medical solid waste management in Syekh Yusuf Gowa Hospital in accordance with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation. The results of this research are: (1) The generation of medical solid waste in this hospital is 1,228 kg/month or 40.93 kg/day. There are five categories of medical solid waste generated in this hospital: infectious, sharp, anatomical, chemical, and pharmaceutical waste. The most waste generated in this hospital is the infectious waste that is equal to 70%. While the least amount of waste generated is pharmaceutical waste that is equal to 2%; (2) Medical solid waste management system is conducted by sorting the waste which generated in each room/unit. Furthermore, these wastes are transported to the temporary dumpsite in hospital area. Then, these wastes are packaged and transported to the third party and/or processed in incinerator. The residual ash from incinerator was brought to temporary dumpsite of toxic and hazardous waste and third party; (3) The results of the evaluation of medical solid waste management system in Syekh Yusuf Gowa Hospital has been done well, in accordance with the Ministry of Health Regulation.
The study determined the frequency of practice of the health care waste management practices on segregation, minimization, collection, storage, transport, disposal and treatment in the hospitals in Tabuk City. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Interviews and ocular surveys/on-site observation, and the interviewer-administered questionnaire were utilized to gather data from the head nurse, waste handler during collection, waste handler during transport and waste manager. Data collected were treated using a five point Likert scale, and quantified using the frequency count, ranking, percentage and the Weighted Mean. The revealed that the health care wastes management practices are sometimes implemented in the hospitals in Tabuk City; segregation of wastes was generally often practiced, however, the use of plastic bags/plastic-lined cardboard boxes/leak-proof as containers of infectious and pathological wastes was seldom practiced. Waste minimization was often practiced, but composting was seldom practiced. Waste collection was sometimes practiced, but the collection of general wastes every shift and collection of biohazard wastes every shift was seldom practiced by the respondents. Waste storage and waste transport were sometimes practiced by the hospitals; but labeling properly all bags/containers with basic information of content, written or attached on the bag, and using transport vehicles exclusively for HCW were never practiced. Waste disposal was sometimes practiced, but offsite disposal exclusively for HCW was never practiced. Waste treatment was seldom practiced. Treating HCW before disposal, onsite treatment and using chemical disinfection as a type of treatment were seldom practiced while categorizing HCW when treating and treating wastewater prior to discharge off-site" were never practiced. From the conclusive results, the following recommendations were formulated: There is a need for the DOH to monitor regularly the management of health care wastes in each hospital 1. For waste segregation, in the use of labels and color coding scheme, all body fluids and excreta should be disposed in the infectious category. 2. Waste minimization through source reduction and recycling not only of plastics but also other recyclable materials such as papers 3. Strengthen the practice of composting 4. Due to the lack of appropriate storage area, collection and transport of biohazard waste should be done daily. 5. The city government should propose a separate disposal site for all healthcare wastes and set limit to public access to decrease the risk of infectious diseases 6. Burial pits should be lined with material of low permeability, such as clay, to prevent groundwater contamination. However, burial pits are recommended if they are located within the premises of the establishment. Encapsulation is the best method for disposal of sharps and should be practiced. 7. Waste treatment should be done to all infectious wastes. 8. The KASC Midwifery Department can initiate and conduct education and information campaign (IEC) for the hospital personnel, patients and guests at least once a year
Most countries of the world, both developed and developing, are facing serious challengesin the storage, collection and disposal of hospital waste, both its nature and composition,which makes it difficult to manage, that is, management, to achieve a set of plans, policiesand actions to ensure that all components are properly addressed in environmental,technical, economic and social acceptance feasible. This study aims to analyze themanagement of solid waste from a prospective approach in public hospitals. The methodsused include the use of MICMAC, and SMIC MACTOR prob expert, the results allowed toidentify as key variables: Control procedures waste management, inadequate budgetaryallocation, inadequate budget, New technologies, facilities appropriate for the service,Studying, Lack of development of knowledge by management as important actors: thePresident of the Republic, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Labourand Social development and governor of Zulia state, as a stage to bet 2019: coordinationbetween hospitals and the authorities to promote the acquisition of new technologies,under the supervision of the competent bodies for health and work environment allowingincreased control protocols adjusted to the current legislation, budget efficiently maneuverthat allows the operation of the various units of the health center. To achieve this scenarioa comprehensive actions on the basis of strategic planning is suggested. ; La mayor parte de los países del mundo, tanto desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo,afrontan serios desafíos en el almacenaje, colección, y disposición de los desechoshospitalarios, tanto por su naturaleza como por la composición, lo cual hace difícil sumanejo, es decir, la gerencia, para lograr un conjunto de planes, normas y acciones paraasegurar que todos los componentes sean tratados adecuadamente en términosambientales, técnica, economía factible y aceptación social. Este estudio tiene comoobjetivo analizar la gestión de los desechos sólidos desde un enfoque prospectivo en loshospitales públicos. Los métodos utilizados incluyen el uso del MICMAC, MACTOR ySMIC prob expert, los resultados permitieron identificar como variables claves: Control delos procedimientos de manejo de los desechos, Asignación presupuestaria deficiente,Presupuesto inadecuado, Nuevas tecnologías, Instalaciones apropiadas para laprestación del servicio, Nivel académico, Falta de desarrollo de conocimiento por parte dela gerencia, como actores de importancia: Presidente de la República, Ministerio de Salud,Ministerio del Ambiente, Ministerio del Trabajo y Desarrollo Social y Gobernación delestado Zulia, como escenario apuesta que para el año 2019: la coordinación entrehospitales y las autoridades que favorezcan la adquisición de nuevas tecnologías, bajo lasupervisión de los órganos competentes en materia de salud ambiente y trabajopermitiendo aumentar el control de los protocolos ajustados a la normativa legal vigente,con presupuesto que permita maniobrar eficientemente el funcionamiento de las diversasunidades del centro de salud. Para el logro de este escenario se sugiere unas accionesintegrales sobre la base de la planificación estratégica.
Abstract: Researchers, interventionists and managers are challenged to plan an intervention for the development of an activity. To this purpose, it is necessary to understand and negotiate the object of the intervention with the participants. This task can be facilitated through the elaboration of a research scheme used as a planning and learning tool among interventionists and participants. This article presented an outline of such scheme for future application of a Change Laboratory (CL). This lab is considered a method to provide the development of the solid waste management activity in a university hospital in Paraná State, Brazil. The study shows the aspects to be explored to plan a CL in order to develop a new concept of this activity. It is a draft for the planning of these methodology sessions. Its preparation makes use of preliminary ethnographic data collected during the beginning of the investigative procedure foreseen by CL, seeking the current conflict historical understanding.Keywords: Activity Theory. Change Laboratory. Waste Management. University Hospital. Preparando uma intervenção do Laboratório de Mudança: a gestão dos resíduos de um hospital universitário Resumo: Pesquisadores, intervencionistas e gestores são desafiados a planejar uma intervenção visando ao desenvolvimento de uma atividade. Para tanto, faz-se necessário entender e negociar o objeto da intervenção com os participantes. Tal tarefa pode ser facilitada por meio da elaboração de um esquema usado como instrumento de planejamento e aprendizagem entre intervencionista e participantes. Neste artigo apresentou-se um esboço deste esquema para a aplicação futura de um Laboratório de Mudança (LM). Este laboratório é considerado um método para propiciar o desenvolvimento da atividade de gestão de resíduos sólidos em um hospital universitário do Paraná. O estudo mostra os aspectos a serem explorados para planejar um LM visando desenvolver um novo conceito dessa atividade. Trata-se de um rascunho para o planejamento das sessões dessa metodologia. Sua elaboração faz uso de dados etnográficos preliminares coletados durante o início do processo investigativo previsto pelo LM, buscando a compreensão histórica da atual situação do conflito.Palavras-chave: Teoria da Atividade. Laboratório de Mudança. Gestão de Resíduos. Hospital Universitário.
"The relationship between hospitals and the environment is defined by a glaring contradiction: as health care facilities deliver care at any cost, their environmental footprint -- pollution, waste production, unsustainable food services -- contributes to harming community health. Greening Health Care examines the intersections of health care and environmental health, both in terms of traditional failures and the revolution underway to fix them. Authored by one of the pioneers in health care's green movement, it presents practical solutions for health care organizations and clinicians to improve their environments and the health of their communities. Topics include: making food services sustainable, managing hospital waste, and relevant impacts/mitigating measures related to climate change. As environmental protection grows into an imperative for all aspects of society, Greening Health Care offers an historical and practical approach to sustainable health care delivery"--Publisher's description
This study aims to describe (1) hospital waste management by the Regional Environmental Service in a socio juridical study reviewed through several legislation regarding environmental management, especially hospital waste; (2) barriers faced by the South Sulawesi Regional Environmental Service; (3) efforts conducted in handling obstacles; (4) legal arrangements regarding hospital waste management by the South Sulawesi Regional Environment Agency. This type of research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, where the type of research is carried out by observing the subjects and objects to be studied based on the facts that exist. The facts found are described in depth. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed by triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Hospital waste management by the South Sulawesi Regional Environmental Service has not proceeded as expected due to the lack of facilities in the management of medical waste, and the lack of guidance and supervision of hospitals that still deviate from established rules marked by the absence of hospitals that have passed the company performance rating assessment program in environmental management. (2) Obstacles faced in hospital waste management are the lack of facilities especially incinerators and supervision as well as guidance for hospitals related to hospital waste management. (3) Efforts made by adding facilities related to hospital waste management and providing guidance to hospitals in South Sulawesi (4) Legal arrangements referred to by the South Sulawesi Regional Environment Agency refer to the three main legislation used as guidelines and the legal basis in the implementation of waste management, namely the legislation governing environmental protection and management as well as the legislation governing the management of B3 waste.
Waste management is always a serious problem in developing country like Nepal, Medicalwaste has become a matter of major concern at present with the growth of health facilities inboth public and private sectors of Nepal, It is a serious concern, as most of its waste goes tomunicipal waste management system, There is no proper or separate waste handling, dumpingor incinerating practice for hazardous or hospital waste in Nepal, This study aimed to evaluatethe characterization, quantification and management situation of various health care centers inNepal, A study on the waste characterization and quantification as well as existing wastemanagement system was conducted in six different hospitals and nursing homes of Nepalduring 2004 to 2007, These hospitals has been serving about 0,25 million patients in averageevery year, The methodology involved in the study is the collection of the waste from eachward, segregation, characterization into infectious, non-infectious waste groups andquantification. In each hospital investigation was conducted for 7-15 days, Existingmanagement practice were directly observed and documented, Necessary infonnation wasalso collected through fonnal and infonnal consultations with different stakeholders of theconcern hospitals, This study found that the average daily waste generation in surveyedhospitals is 69,35 kg, The average per capita waste generation in these hospitals is 0.66 kg inwhich infectious waste was 0, 13 kg/day/person and non-infectious waste was 0,53kg/day/person, The average infectious waste was almost 22,07% and non- infectious wastewas 77.93% in the surveyed hospitals, Application of strong policies and legislation measuresfor proper management of the medical waste is highly needed ; Waste management is always a serious problem in developing country like Nepal, Medicalwaste has become a matter of major concern at present with the growth of health facilities inboth public and private sectors of Nepal, It is a serious concern, as most of its waste goes tomunicipal waste management system, There is no proper or separate waste handling, dumpingor incinerating practice for hazardous or hospital waste in Nepal, This study aimed to evaluatethe characterization, quantification and management situation of various health care centers inNepal, A study on the waste characterization and quantification as well as existing wastemanagement system was conducted in six different hospitals and nursing homes of Nepalduring 2004 to 2007, These hospitals has been serving about 0,25 million patients in averageevery year, The methodology involved in the study is the collection of the waste from eachward, segregation, characterization into infectious, non-infectious waste groups andquantification. In each hospital investigation was conducted for 7-15 days, Existingmanagement practice were directly observed and documented, Necessary infonnation wasalso collected through fonnal and infonnal consultations with different stakeholders of theconcern hospitals, This study found that the average daily waste generation in surveyedhospitals is 69,35 kg, The average per capita waste generation in these hospitals is 0.66 kg inwhich infectious waste was 0, 13 kg/day/person and non-infectious waste was 0,53kg/day/person, The average infectious waste was almost 22,07% and non- infectious wastewas 77.93% in the surveyed hospitals, Application of strong policies and legislation measuresfor proper management of the medical waste is highly needed
The present study was aimed to determine the level of awareness regarding biomedical waste management (BMWM) among medical staff (doctors, nurses, lab technicians, multi--tasking persons) of different departments of a hospital. A study was conducted on a total of 200 staff (doctors, nurses, lab technicians, multi--tasking persons) of different departments of a hospital (emergency/ trauma, nursing home, laboratories and outpatient department). The questionnaire was used to determine the level of awareness among the staff. Results showed that the knowledge and awareness about BMW legislation and management was high in nurses as compared to other staff. The highest level of knowledge and awareness was found in emergency/ trauma as compared to other departments. This study suggested that there are poor levels of knowledge and awareness among multi--tasking persons about biomedical waste legislation, management and system. For effective implementation of BMWM practices in the hospitals, periodical sensitization and continuous training program is mandatory to improve the biomedical waste knowledge and practices among healthcare workers, especially focusing at the multi--tasking persons.
Chapter 1. 3-Stage Reactor Design to Convert MSW to Methanol -- Chapter 2. PCDD/PCDFs: A Burden From Hospital Waste Disposal Plant; Plasma Arc Gasification Is the Ultimate Solution for Its Mitigation -- Chapter 3. Catalytic and Non Catalytic Thermolysis of Waste Polystyrene for Recovery of Fuel Grade Products and their Characterization -- Chapter 4. Energy Recovery from Tyre Waste Pyrolysis: Product Yield Analysis and Characterization -- Chapter 5. Solid State Gas Fermenter to Convert Syn-Gas to Methanen -- Chapter 6. Conceptual approach of a Solar Thermal Steam Generator and its Design & Optimization -- Chapter 7. Generation of Energy from Waste Management -- Chapter 8. Influence of Pyrogallol (PY) Antioxidant in the Fuel Stability of Alexandrian Laurel Biodiesel -- Chapter 9. Investigation on Engine Characteristics Powered with Waste HDPE Oil Obtained from Catalytic Pyrolysis and Study on NOx Emission Variation using Thermal Imager -- Chapter 10. Application of Artificial Intelligence to Predict the Engine Performance and Emission Paradigm Fuelled with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends -- Chapter 11. Comparative Analysis of Experimental and Simulated Performance and Emissions of Compression Ignition Engine Using Biodiesel Blends -- Chapter 12. Modelling and Simulation of Biodiesel from Various Feed Stocks into Compression Ignition Engine -- Chapter 13. Sesame Stalk as a Feedstock for Thermo-chemical Conversion: Products Distribution and Characterization -- Chapter 14. Temperature Influence on Quality and Yield of Pyrolytic Products of Seedcake of KayeaAssamica -- Chapter 15. Recycling Industrial Waste for Production of Bioethanol
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