Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of sectoral productivity growth on welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the analytical framework of a DSGE model, the main finding is that, for the estimated values of structural parameters, the allocation of scarce resources to the tradable agricultural sector for boosting productivity leads to a greater increase in overall welfare than would be the case if they were allocated to the non-traded goods sector.

Abstract
This study addresses the measurement of the globe temperature. For this purpose, two globe thermometers with different diameters (50 and 150 mm) and a variety of thermal environmental conditions were considered. The assessments of the response times and of the influences of the globe diameter and the air velocity on the measured globe temperatures are discussed. The results of the response times clearly put in evidence that the values usually stated in the literature can be questioned and that longer measurement periods must be considered. In fact, response times >30 min were obtained in 68% of the tests performed. Moreover, differences >20ºC were obtained between the 150 and 50 mm sensors, highlighting the influence of the globe diameter. The analysis of the effect of the air velocity on the globe temperature shows mean relative differences >30% between tests in still air and with the higher air velocity considered (1.81 m s–1). On the basis of measurements carried out with the 50 mm globe, correction equations to the standard globe temperature for both natural and forced convection are proposed.

Environmental offsetting is a compensation for a deforested or degraded area usually in the form of forest recovery. We provide an update on the ongoing regulatory standards (RS) regarding ecological restoration in Brazil, analyzing the existence of monitoring protocols. The introduction of Environmental Rural Registry (CAR) created by law in 2012 has become the main driver of local RS. The aim of CAR is to guarantee forest cover on rural properties by the force of RS, but it lacks to consider the vegetation structure, functionality, and quality of the vegetation. Currently only four states in Brazil uses a protocol that includes ecological criteria as a measurement of success. The existence of a specific legislation for forest restoration may enhance restoration effectiveness by clarifying the restoration process and regulations to those stakeholders involved in implementing restoration projects. It is necessary for RS to include diverse technical approaches, providing the opportunity for solutions contemplating local possibilities and conditions.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da sustentabilidade de 16 municípios que compõem a mesorregião do Marajó, Pará. A pesquisa utilizou o Barômetro da Sustentabilidade (BS) como ferramenta de análise e empregou 20 indicadores para o bem-estar humano (dimensão socioeconômica) e 06 para o bem-estar ecológico (dimensão ambiental). A abordagem do Barômetro da Sustentabilidade indicou que os municípios do Marajó variam de "potencialmente insustentável" a "intermediário". O Marajó mostrou um quadro de desequilíbrio em relação ao nível de sustentabilidade dos municípios, e a isso associamos a ineficácia dos resultados de políticas públicas integradas aliada à discrepância dos diferentes modelos de gestão municipal.

The quality of theeducation provided in schoolsislargely determined byteachers' initial universitytraining. Therefore, it is a challenge in Spain to configure a Teacher Training Model that is adapted to the demands of the changing society. To this end, the official university degrees that enable the exercise of the regulated profession of Early Childhood Education Teacher are established by the Order ECI/3854/2007, of 27 December, which includes the European Union's guidelines on competences. The general objective of this research is to analyse the perception that students of the Degree in Early Childhood Education have of the level of development of the competences acquired in their initial training grouped into four dimensions: educator and guide, member of an organisation, interlocutor and referent, and researcher and innovator. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology was used, through the application of a questionnaire to 144 students in the 3rd and 4th year of the Degree in Early Childhood Education taught at the University of A Coruña. The results show that the training of future Early Childhood Education teachers is positively valued in all the dimensions of the model, especially in relation to their training as researchers and innovators. The high correlations between the dimensions of the model show the need to design training plans that are committed to comprehensive teaching, taking as a reference the future teachers' point of view on the strengths and weaknesses of their training. ; Uno de los factores más estudiados en la psicología del deporte es la motivación deportiva en deportistas amateurs y de alto rendimiento. El presente estudio tiene los objetivos de establecer la relación entre clima motivacional hacia el deporte, ansiedad y autoconcepto emocional y físico en deportistas amateurs y de alto rendimiento e identificar y clarificar las relaciones existentes entre el clima motivacional, ansiedad, autoconcepto emocional y físico. Para ello han participado un total de 1434 ...

In this work, an In-fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer has been manufactured within a standard optical fiber using direct inscription with a femtosecond laser. Different geometries have been tested in order to enhance the sensitivity of manufactured devices to high temperature sensing, reducing the total device up to 300µm. The achieved results exhibit a remarkably good response for temperature sensing up to 650°C. ; This work has been supported by the projects TEC2013-47264-C2-1-R, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R and grant BES-2014-069736 of the Spanish government and by the Parliament of Cantabria postdoc grant.

In this paper, an In-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer inscribed by femtosecond laser for curvature sensing has been designed and manufactured. Its operating principle consists of a secondary waveguide inscription working as a sensing arm. This waveguide has been manufactured using asymmetric structures with an average refractive index change of 1.1 × 10-2 in its guiding section measured by refracted near-field profilometry. The overall arm/cladding index difference is higher than its core/cladding counterpart, which is a suggested condition for device operation following preliminary simulations. The manufactured Mach-Zehnder interferometer exhibits a linear response to bending radius that is also dependent on an established bending axis. Sensitivity has been measured up to 9.49 nm/m-1 for curvature ranges from 0 to 14 m-1. Simulation results using the beam propagation method and conformal mapping transformation to convert bending action into a tilt refractive index agree with experimental results for the same index parameters. Preliminary temperature test shows a remarkable cross sensitivity of 0.0024(3)m-1/-C up to 180 -C. ; This work has been supported by the pro-jects TEC2013-47264-C2-1-R, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) financed with FEDER funds, and grant BES-2014-069736 of the Spanish government and by the Parliament of Cantabria postdoc grant.

In the present work, we consider the industrial problem of estimating in real-time the mold-steel heat flux in continuous casting mold. We approach this problem by first considering the mold modeling problem (direct problem). Then, we plant the heat flux estimation problem as the inverse problem of estimating a Neumann boundary condition having as data pointwise temperature measurements in the interior of the mold domain. We also consider the case of having a total heat flux measurement together with the temperature measurements. We develop two methodologies for solving this inverse problem. The first one is the traditional Alifanov's regularization, the second one exploits the parameterization of the heat flux. We develop the latter method to have an offline–online decomposition with a computationally efficient online part to be performed in real-time. In the last part of this work, we test these methods on academic and industrial benchmarks. The results show that the parameterization method outclasses Alifanov's regularization both in performance and computational cost. Moreover, it proves to be robust with respect to the measurements noise. Finally, the tests confirm that the computational cost is suitable for real-time estimation of the heat flux ; The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 765374. The authors also acknowledge the partial support by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the Plan Nacional de I+D+i (MTM2015-68275-R), by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion through project [PID2019-105615RB-I00/ AEI / 10.13039/501100011033], by the European Union Funding for Research and Innovation - Horizon 2020 Program - in the framework of European Research Council Executive Agency: Consolidator Grant H2020 ERC CoG 2015 AROMA-CFD project 681447 "Advanced Reduced Order Methods with Applications in Computational Fluid Dynamics" and INDAM-GNCS project "Advanced intrusive and non-intrusive model ...

Las mujeres ecuatorianas que retornaron son actores fundamentales en la transformación y cambio social del país, sin embargo, algunos estudios realizados en la zona norte y sur del Ecuador hasta ahora son insuficientes en este aspecto. Por tanto, la finalidad de esta investigación consiste en describir una realidad encontrada en relación a los motivos de migración que se correlacionan con los motivos de retorno de estas mujeres, la familia y su implicación en el emprendimiento y planes de retorno previstos para su regreso. En esta investigación se utilizó una metodología a modo de «caja de herramientas» y la técnica «bola de nieve», el análisis estadístico y descriptivo, al igual que la encuesta en escala de Likert que reflejan datos contrarios, frente a especulaciones sobre: progreso económico, emprendimiento desde una política pública e integración-familiar en contextos transnacionales.

White wine fining is important to stabilize wine colour by removing phenolic compounds. The choice of oenological products is important since consumers are concerned regarding food safety. Due to allergic reaction problems by some consumers, together with the restriction of EU legislation [1], non-allergenic fining agents are being developed in detriment of traditionally used. However, the impact these fining agents on wine phenolic and volatile compounds are not well known. This work aims to evaluate the impact of six fining agents (one traditionally used – potassium caseinate and five non-allergens) on wine phenolic and volatile compounds as well as on the sensory profile of a white wine from the Douro Region. All non-allergenic fining agents tested prevent the browning capacity. This could be related to the decrease in white wine colour observed. Sensory analysis indicated that only the wines treated with potassium caseinate and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone showed a significant decrease in colour attribute. ; Supported by FCT project UID/AGR/04033/2013, CQ-VR, FCT funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Additional thanks to the Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000038 (I&D INNOVINE&WINE – Innovation Platform of Vine & Wine).

[Abstract] Sometimes slender structures are reinforced with mechanical dampers to reduce the vibrations caused by aeroelastic phenomena like flutter. However the formulation of flutter analysis only considers the classical damping ratio to take into account the structural damping. This paper explains the procedure used for adding mechanical dampers with a known constant to the analysis software FLAS. This code was developed at Universidade da Coruña to calculate the critical wind speed for flutter instability. An example of a solar tracker with two rows of flat panels is shown. In this slender structure two mechanical dampers are used to reduce the vibrations caused by the wind in structure interaction. The solar tracker has been studied for five different positions of the angle of attack. Results of flutter speed for several values of the dampers constant and global structural damping ratio are presented. ; This work has been funded by the Spanish Minister of Science and Innovation with reference PID2019-110786GB-I00 and the Galician regional government with reference ED431C2017/72. The collaboration in the wind tunnel test of the Research Assistant Miguel Roca is recognized ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431C2017/72

Com a elevação dos municípios a categoria de entes federados, houve também um aumento das responsabilidades no atendimento das demandas da população, assim como na participação da arrecadação tributária do país. No entanto, mesmo com essa maior participação, o que se observa é cada vez mais uma dependência financeira dos municípios em relação aos entes superiores, por não conseguir apenas com a arrecadação própria suprir as despesas municipais. Propõe-se neste trabalho identificar qual o perfil orçamentário do município de Ladainha/MG no período de 2000 a 2016. Para isso, analisou-se os dados do período citado identificando o comportamento temporal das receitas e despesas ressaltando as com maior representatividade nas classificações de captação e origem de receitas e natureza e finalidade das despesas. Depreendeu-se que o município de Ladainha, sendo um município de pequeno porte e predominantemente rural, tem uma arrecadação própria insuficiente para atender as demandas da população, dependendo assim, principalmente das Transferências Intergovernamentais para atender aos gastos públicos que se concentram principalmente na área da Educação e Cultura e na Saúde e Saneamento, havendo investimentos menores nas demais áreas.

White wine fining is important to stabilize wine colour by removing phenolic compounds. The choice of oenological products is important since consumers are concerned regarding food safety. Due to allergic reaction problems by some consumers, together with the restriction of EU legislation [1], non-allergenic fining agents are being developed in detriment of traditionally used. However, the impact these fining agents on wine phenolic and volatile compounds are not well known. This work aims to evaluate the impact of six fining agents (one traditionally used potassium caseinate and five non-allergens) on wine phenolic and volatile compounds as well as on the sensory profile of a white wine from the Douro Region. All non-allergenic fining agents tested prevent the browning capacity. This could be related to the decrease in white wine colour observed. Sensory analysis indicated that only the wines treated with potassium caseinate and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone showed a significant decrease in colour attribute. ; Supported by FCT project UID/AGR/04033/2013, CQ-VR, FCT funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Additional thanks to the Project NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000038 (I&D INNOVINE&WINE – Innovation Platform of Vine & Wine). ...