Suchergebnisse

The main theme of this volume is a discussion of the ways in which legal mechanisms, such as the Land Groups Incorporation Act (1974) in PNG, and the Native Title Act (1993) in Australia, do not, as they purport, serve merely to identify and register already-existing customary indigenous landowning groups in these countries. Because the legislation is an integral part of the way in which indigenous people are defined and managed in relation to the State, it serves to elicit particular responses in landowner organisation and self-identification on the part of indigenous people. These pieces of legislation actively contour the progressive evolution of landowner social, territorial and political organisation at all levels in these nation states. The contributors to this volume provide in-depth anthropological case studies of social structural and cultural transformations engendered by the confrontation between states, developers and indigenous communities over rights to customarily owned land.

The African family is currently undergoing severe stresses both from within and without. A series of external factors - social, political, economic and environmental - are impacting severely on the way the family functions, evolves, sustains itself and adjusts to these sets of forces. Although as a social institution it procreates, socialises and educates the children, the African family still functions primarily as an economic organ, as a unit both of production and of consumption. This book investigates the challenges facing the African family and their multiple effects. The contributors explore the nature of available data on which current policies are premised, marriage patterns, the role of the family in agriculture, the changing roles and status of women, the transformations generated by mass migration, the strains and tensions wrought by structural adjustment programmes and the functioning of family law. (DÜI-Hff)

This study conducts a systematic review of Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystems (DEEs), focusing on their organization, development, and impact within the Greek Chamber of Commerce. Utilizing the Webster and Watson (2002) methodology, the review examines a broad range of literature to design and analyze a DEE framework. The study emphasizes the significance of innovation and digital collaboration in fostering entrepreneurship. The review identifies key themes including technological platforms, e-governance, and user satisfaction. Findings indicate that DEEs play a crucial role in enhancing business development through digital means. The study aims to bridge the knowledge gap in DEE literature and provide a practical foundation for similar initiatives. The research underscores the need for digital transformation in business ecosystems to support extroversion, innovation, and targeted entrepreneurial actions, advocating for cultural, structural, and systemic changes within chambers of commerce to better serve businesses and foster long-term relationships.

The emergence and growth of the internet and social media platforms have engendered significant transformations in everyday life, affecting not only society's most innermost life but also its structural organization. This digital realm impacts gender equality, giving rise to spaces for feminist community building and activism, but at the same time enabling online gender harassment and violence. Our aim was to construct possible scenarios of the future, focusing on foreseeable consequences of social media on gender (in)equality in Europe. Using the Delphi+ method, we generated diverse future scenarios envisioning the intersection of gender and social media platforms. Through an analysis of these scenarios, we identified three recurring themes situated on a continuum from utopian to dystopian perspectives, including various positions in relation to the question of social media as safe or unsafe spaces. This study then provides us with possible imaginaries in relation to gender and social media platforms.

Recent research indicates that the economic downturn brought by the COVID-19 pandemic has bolstered a "climate delay" discourse. This has led environmental scholars and policymakers to express concern over how the relationship between economic recovery and decarbonization is being framed in current public discussions about post-pandemic economic recovery. To better understand how the climate delay discourse is mediated by local media and its potential impact on public support for green transformation, this article examines relevant coverage published by popular Toronto local media throughout 2020. A qualitative thematic analysis reveals a rising public demand for decarbonizing the Canadian economy. However, this demand has also been challenged by a counter storyline that seeks to divert public attention from the severe structural crisis underlying the fossil fuel sector. The study concludes by cautioning against "climate delay" narratives' potential suppression of public support for green economic recovery.

AbstractThis paper studies the transformation of the worker-peasant to reluctant revolutionary industrial worker during the establishment of Iran's copper industry at the Sarcheshmeh copper mine from 1966 to 1979. It explores the procedural rules implemented by mine management, such as coercion and paternalism, and the nature of the employment relationship, including methods of control, bargaining, and dispute resolution. Consideration is given to engagement of different agents with welfare policy and industrial relations, including the nature of capital, the structure of ownership, the path of traditional labor relations, and international contributors on one side and workers' agency and their structural power in the context of evolving domestic and international environments on the other. Also highlighted is the role played by the workers' background and economic improvement and how these factors affected their political stance during the 1979 revolution.

AbstractIn this article, I advance settler colonial theory (SCT) as a critical framework for antiracist and anticolonial family scholarship. Rather than a historical event, SCT describes settlement as a persistent and violent structure. SCT uniquely connects racialization to Indigenous erasure, anti‐Blackness, anti‐immigrant exclusion, and the ascendancy of Whiteness through intersectional analyses of belonging and otherness. In my discussion, I position the family as a key mechanism of settler colonialism, moving between the historical and contemporary phenomena of family formation and family separation in the United States. Weaving together tenets of SCT and the family, I provide a critical case analysis of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its colonial leanings. To conclude, I discuss the unique possibilities that emerge when family scientists utilize SCT to disrupt the structural power of the settler, contributing to the critical transformation of the family sciences.

In Latin America, the humanistic thought has seen a diversity of formations seeking to account for current socio-ecological transformations. These kinds of reflections —better known in the region as Latin/South American Environmental Thinking — have focused on critiquing the structural dualisms of modern thought, such as: civilized-savage, mind-body, society-nature. Through this critique, Latin American thinkers have sought to consolidate the project of environmentalizing knowledge, integrating both scientific and non-scientific practices to face the environmental crisis. However, there are very few analyses of the different theoretical contributions that have emerged from the Latin American humanist project, particularly from Colombia. Therefore, this article analyzes the contribution of Julio Carrizosa, focusing on his conceptualization of the Complex Environmental Perspective. Ultimately, the intention is to contribute to the consolidation of a Latin American perspective on environmental humanities.

India is predominantly an agricultural nation. Agriculture is the source of livelihood security for majority of the rural population. Indian agriculture has witnessed several transformations since the beginning of planned economic development. These technological shifts have induced our farmers to adopt new technologies which are not native to our system. Majority of these technologies are imported or indigenously developed on imported ideas. Although these new technologies did help in transforming food deficit nation into food surplus nation, it seems like Green Revolution has run its course. Our paper is a descriptive attempt to trace the development of Indian agriculture along with identifying inherent structural problems it has. The final objective of the paper is not necessarily to give wholistic solutions to the problems but to discuss the issues at hand in hope of creating a conducive environment in academia for finding better solution.

In the romancer magnum opus of Enes Karić, consisting of five novels – Pjesme divljih ptica (2009), Jevrejsko groblje (2011), Slučajno čovjek (2013), Boje višnje (2017) i Bogovo roblje (2020) – questions arise from humanistic and Islamic theological-philosophical perspective considering harmony and disharmony from the internal, that is, spiritual transformation and external establishing of the identity. In the poetics of Karić's narrative fiction, we can recognize the tradition of Andrić-Selimović model of narration, where we can follow spirituality and knowledge through road signs of central protagonists of his prose. These two fundamental categories rise over and integrate status and other special features of Karić's characters into believable structural-compositional units. And all of them are somehow spherically connected; they are united by the author's tendency to use their life actions to verify his ecumenical, intercultural and interreligious thoughts.

Abstract
Violence manifests as a force that dissects: it disjoins, divides, breaks up lives and bodies, communities, the environment. It also constitutes a field of forces that theory, in its critical registers, is trying to dissect, to anatomize, to take apart, to lay open, to open up for critique and transformation, especially when violence takes hidden, invisibilized, or structural forms. As Étienne Balibar's work exemplifies, for theory to do this, it not only needs to take account of the resistance and struggles of its age; it also needs to move beyond clichés about violence as the intentional infliction of bodily harm, and beyond the widespread assumption that violence is the absolute other of politics, that politics and violence are incompatible. The commentaries in this special section further explore the theoretical space opened up by Balibar's work in light of the current conjuncture.

This contribution will focus on the politics of scales: traditionally conceived, by the positivist science, as hierarchical relational levels that vary from the dimension of the human body to the global, they are studied by post structural interpretations in terms of multiscalarity, processual rescaling, ideological constructions, and contextual pathways for democratic, just and sustainable transformations. This chapter focuses on two cases: a) on rescaling strategies played by indigenous organizations in Ecuador in relation to the central powers, to affirm the plurinational identity of the state; and b) on standard scales in natural conservation and creation of a natural park and kinship scale based on the notion of ancestral lands, tanindrazana, of the Tsimihety, main ethnic group in rural Northeast Madagascar. Politics of scales informs sustainability science to focus carefully on peoples' institutions, territories, and territorialities as contingent levels of power interactions. ; Peer reviewed

This paper argues that Sri Lanka's leftist movement encountered structural challenges while attempting to transform Sri Lanka's dependent economy during the long 1960s. This process culminated in the global economic crisis of the 1970s. The predominantly Trotskyite left initially championed import substitution industrialisation in the period after Sri Lanka gained independence from Britain in 1948. Eventually, during the crisis of the 1970s, it was forced to radicalise its approach. It began to focus more on achieving self-sufficiency in key agricultural products. The left's reflexive bias toward industrialisation, however, undermined its attempt to reconceive development from an agrarian perspective. The left experienced an enduring setback during the elections of 1977, which ushered in the neoliberal transformation of Sri Lanka. The article explores the consequences of the left's historical neglect of the agrarian question during the long 1960s and the fateful implications of its delayed engagement with rural communities.

Cities are the engines of economic growth, drivers of structural and spatial transformation processes, and the generators of wealth. However, city finances in India are in an abysmal state, and its urban local bodies are progressively losing fiscal autonomy. The problem is deeply rooted in the hierarchy set up defined as per the fiscal federalism framework adopted by the nation. The objective of the paper is to critically review India's federalism, discuss its prevailing expenditure‐revenue assignment framework, and analyse the key issues in fiscal decentralization. This paper overviews the entire public finance system in India, brings out the anomalies in expenditure and revenue assignments between the higher levels of government and the urban local bodies, and addresses the areas of concerns at the urban local government level. It also suggests policy measures to put Indian urban local bodies on a strong footing in the public finance map of India.

AbstractThe authors analyze the changes in value patterns—patriarchy, authoritarianism and nationalism—in Serbia in the context of the social changes that have marked the postsocialist transformation period. They focus on the extent and intensity of two sub-patterns within each of these three basic value patterns: private and public patriarchy, general and specific authoritarianism, organic (natural) and ethnic nationalism. The conclusions about changes in these value patterns are drawn on the basis of three empirical studies conducted in 2003, 2012, and 2018. They show the prevalence of private patriarchy, general authoritarianism, and organic (natural) nationalism over their counterparts. Private patriarchy has weakened, which is largely to be explained by the significant structural changes in Serbia. On the other hand, support of general authoritarianism and organic (natural) nationalism has been on the rise, which clearly mirrors the unfavorable economic and political situation in the country.