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The tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, is a psyllid native to North America that has recently invaded New Zealand and Australia. The potential for economic losses accompanying invasions of TPP and its associated bacterial plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), has caused much concern. Here, we employed ecological niche models to predict environments suitable for TPP/CLso on a global scale and then evaluated the extent to which global potato cultivation is at risk. In addition, at a finer scale the risk to the Australian potato acreage was evaluated. A total of 86 MaxEnt models were built using various combinations of settings and climatic predictors, and the best model based on model evaluation metrics was selected. Climatically suitable habitats were identified in Eurasia, Africa, South America, and Australasia. Intersecting the predicted suitability map with land use data showed that 79.06% of the global potato cultivation acreage, 96.14% of the potato production acreage in South America and Eurasia, and all the Australian potato cropping areas are at risk. The information generated by this study increases knowledge of the ecology of TPP/CLso and can be used by government agencies to make decisions about preventing the spread of TPP and CLso across the globe.

International military operations around the world are major actors on the world stage of global pollution. The United States military remains subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws. However, many exemptions exist to assist the military despite its status as a global polluter. Many environmental policies have incrementally developed over the last one-hundred years largely as a reaction to the most extreme circumstances. Scientific knowledge continues to increase our awareness of the lasting impacts of policy decisions relating to the environment, giving rise to the precautionary principle, that notion that we should do no lasting harm, in our care for the environment. Pushing against that principle is the chaos of international relations which drives a compelling need for defense preparedness. Growing evidence suggests that military policy makers are understanding the link between defense preparedness and environmental degradation, giving rise to the integration of new military and environmental policies. Understanding the legitimate needs of the military and the risks to the environment past, present, and future are considerations of this paper. Recommendations for further study and how to assist the United States in the role of being a good global citizen.

The impact of sea-level rise on coastal towns is expected to be a major challenge, with millions of people exposed. The climate-induced risk assessment of coastal areas subject to flooding plays an essential role in planning effective measures for adaptation plans. However, in European legislation, as well as in the regional plans adopted by the member states, there is no clear reference to urban settlement, as this concept is variable and difficult to categorise from the policy perspective. This lack of knowledge makes it complicated to implement efficient adaptation plans. This research examines the presence of the issue in Portugal's coastal settlements, the European coastal area most vulnerable to rising sea levels, using the case of seashore streets as the most exposed waterfront public urban areas. Using the morphometric classification of the urban fabric, we analyse the relationship between urban typology and legislative macro-areas aimed at providing integrated adaptation plans. The study suggests that there is only a minimal relationship between the proposed classification and the geographical zones currently identified in coastal planning policies. Such incongruence suggests the need for change, as the policy should be able to provide a response plan tailored to the specificities of urban areas.

Higher education has been strongly contested in recent times, on the grounds of its role in reproducing epistemic injustice, leading to calls to 'decolonise' institutions, curricula and teaching practices. Meanwhile, the practice of epistemic critique also points to potentials for challenge, learning and change. This article offers critical reflections in two distinct moments of time: firstly, reflections on experiences of a cross-site teaching project (2016) involving three of the authors (Mucha, Pesch and Wielenga) from the Departments of Political Science at the Universities of Düsseldorf (Germany) and Pretoria (South Africa) in an academic virtual collaboration project using shared classes and video-conferencing tools to study peace-building, human mobility and mediation. Secondly, the writing process for this article has involved a further collaborative author (Khoo) to comment upon and theorise curriculum-making and teaching experiences. We look at the different contexts in each country and how far the curricula and syllabi at both universities can be supplemented by cross-site teaching elements to deal with epistemic asymmetries in higher education reflexively, while leaning towards a more just knowledge (re)production. Some key challenges and limitations of the cross-site project are also discussed. ; https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/aa/index ; pm2020 ; Political Sciences

This study aims to investigate the differences in attitudes of young generation in showing their political expression on social media before and after the socialization in community service. The issue is related to the attitude of young generation in using social media as a means of expres-sion. Meanwhile, we realize that the internet can often be misleading with the abundance of in-formation and hoaxes. It requires the user's ability to choose and filter the correct and useful information. As the generation that dominates social media and the internet, Generation Z is al-so a target of politicians and political issues on the internet. Therefore, political literacy for young generation in the internet is crucial. The data in this research were collected by quantita-tive descriptive methods through surveys before and after the socialization of social media and politics. The survey was conducted on 100 high school students in Semarang City. The results showed that the program for political literacy socialization increased the political literacy of the high school students by providing a positive knowledge regarding politics. The results showed that the program increased the high school students' political literacy and attitude towards the use of social media for political expression.

This article provides an analysis of the skills that health professionals and patients employ in reaching diagnosis and decision-making in telemedicine consultations. As governmental priorities continue to emphasize patient involvement in the management of their disease, there is an increasing need to accurately capture the provider-patient interactions in clinical encounters. Drawing on conversation analysis of 10 video-mediated consultations in 3 National Health Service settings in England, this study examines the interaction between patients, General Practitioner (GPs), nurses, and consultants during diagnosis and decision-making, with the aim to identify the range of skills that participants use in the process and capture the interprofessional communication and patient involvement in the diagnosis and decision-making phases of telemedicine consultations. The analysis shows that teleconsultations enhance collaborative working among professionals and enable GPs and nurses to develop their skills and actively participate in diagnosis and decision-making by contributing primary care-specific knowledge to the consultation. However, interprofessional interaction may result in limited patient involvement in decision-making. The findings of this study can be used to inform training programs in telemedicine that focus on the development of effective skills for professionals and the provision of information to patients. ; open access article

Military operations may result in noise impacts on surrounding communities and wildlife. A recent transition to more powerful military aircraft and a national consolidation of training operations to Whidbey Island, WA, USA, provided a unique opportunity to measure and assess both in-air and underwater noise associated with military aircraft. In-air noise levels (110 ± ; 4 dB re 20 µ ; Pa rms and 107 ± ; 5 dBA) exceeded known thresholds of behavioral and physiological impacts for humans, as well as terrestrial birds and mammals. Importantly, we demonstrate that the number and cumulative duration of daily overflights exceed those in a majority of studies that have evaluated impacts of noise from military aircraft worldwide. Using a hydrophone deployed near one runway, we also detected sound signatures of aircraft at a depth of 30 m below the sea surface, with noise levels (134 ± ; 3 dB re 1 µ ; Pa rms) exceeding thresholds known to trigger behavioral changes in fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, including Endangered Southern Resident killer whales. Our study highlights challenges and problems in evaluating the implications of increased noise pollution from military operations, and knowledge gaps that should be prioritized with respect to understanding impacts on people and sensitive wildlife.

While extensive scholarship has explored principles for pro-poor climate support, there is a need for knowledge of specific strategies that can achieve these objectives on the ground. This paper examines India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its effects on climate risk reduction. Although the MGNREGA was not designed specifically as a climate programme, it incorporates three key elements with the potential to advance pro-poor climate assistance objectives: (a) social protection through the provision of minimum wage labour; (b) the development of small-scale, natural resource-focused infrastructure; and (c) a decentralized, 'community-based' planning architecture. Analysis of a primary dataset comprising 1400 households and 798 projects in India's state Himachal Pradesh, interpreted through intensive qualitative fieldwork, shows that both projects and labour have helped vulnerable households confront climate and other risks, while the Act's decentralized architecture has expanded the channels for citizens to claim support for local challenges. The paper argues for the importance of building a broader 'ecosystem' of support to target diverse local needs, and of the need to strengthen the political architectures through which vulnerable groups access these benefits on the ground – especially in the context of decentralized approaches for climate assistance.

В умовах кардинального реформування соціально міжнародних економічних відносин в нашому суспільстві відповідно зростає і роль господарського процесуального права як основного регулятора товарно-грошових відносин. Саме тому господарського процесуальне право є однією з основних фундаментальних дисциплін, які вивчаються у вищих навчальних закладах юридичного профілю. Студенти повинні чітко засвоїти загальновизнані господарсько-процесуальні постулати і нормативно-правове регулювання; вміти самостійно аналізувати їх законодавче оформлення, оволодіти основними навичками практичного використання господарсько-правових засобів. За цих умов набуті ними знання і практичні навички не застаріють і при прийнятті нових нормативних актів. In the conditions of radical reformation of social and international economic relations in our society, the role of economic procedural law as the main regulator of commodity-money relations is increasing accordingly. That is why commercial procedural law is one of the basic fundamental disciplines that are studied in higher education institutions of legal profile. Students must clearly understand the generally accepted economic and procedural principles and regulations; be able to independently analyze their legislation, to master the basic skills of practical use of economic and legal means. Under these conditions, their acquired knowledge and practical skills will not become obsolete even when adopting new regulations

Higher education has been strongly contested in recent times, on the grounds of its role in reproducing epistemic injustice, leading to calls to 'decolonise' institutions, curricula and teaching practices. Meanwhile, the practice of epistemic critique also points to potentials for challenge, learning and change. This article offers critical reflections in two distinct moments of time: firstly, reflections on experiences of a cross-site teaching project (2016) involving three of the authors (Mucha, Pesch and Wielenga) from the Departments of Political Science at the Universities of Düsseldorf (Germany) and Pretoria (South Africa) in an academic virtual collaboration project using shared classes and video-conferencing tools to study peace-building, human mobility and mediation. Secondly, the writing process for this article has involved a further collaborative author (Khoo) to comment upon and theorise curriculum-making and teaching experiences. We look at the different contexts in each country and how far the curricula and syllabi at both universities can be supplemented by cross-site teaching elements to deal with epistemic asymmetries in higher education reflexively, while leaning towards a more just knowledge (re)production. Some key challenges and limitations of the cross-site project are also discussed.

Existen en México diversas experiencias de justicias indígenas que se revitalizan, resisten y compiten con el Estado. Analizamos las Juntas de Buen Gobierno zapatistas y los arregladores de conflictos tseltales - jmeltsa'anwanejetik-, procesos con semejanzas y divergencias que conviven en el estado de Chiapas. Conocer cómo se concibe la justicia indígena nos permite desvelar la diversidad epistemológica existente y visibilizar maneras otras se ser-estar-pensar- nombrar y habitar la vida. La reconstrucción del tejido social y la búsqueda de armonía son parte de las raíces de las justicias indígenas, guardianas de ecología de saberes. ; Diverse experiences of indigenous justice exist in Mexico and revitalize, resist and compete with the State. We analyze the Zapatistas Councils of Good Government and the tseltal conflict settlers -jmeltsa'anwanejetik-, processes with similarities and divergences that coexist in the state of Chiapas. Understand how indigenous justice is conceived it allows us to reveal the existing epistemological diversity and to make visible other ways of being-beingthinking-naming and inhabiting life. The reconstruction of the social bonds and the search for harmony are part of the roots of the indigenous justices, guardians of knowledge ecology. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

The role of nurses in healthcare systems is diverse, including being a health care provider to clients, client advocates, educators for clients and families, and nursing service managers. This study's goal was to assess Kurt Lewin's change management method to analyze the management function in nursing delegation between the head nurse and team leader. This project was conducted at Jakarta Military Hospital using a fishbone diagram approach, and solving problems using Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) tools starting with Plan Of Action (POA), implementation, evaluation, and follow-up. The study results showed that the head nurse performed nonoptimal delegation in terms of delay to complete the nursing documentation, non-uniformity of delegation format, and lack of control from superiors. Guidelines are used as a reference in delegating nursing to the head of the hospital room. The documentation of nursing delegates is done because representatives work better when the reporting structure is clear. In conclusion, the application fishbone diagram, Lewin's change management model, and PDCA cycle can optimize management function in nursing delegation between head nurse and team leader in Jakarta Military Hospital. Recommendations are given to the nursing department, head of the room, team leader, and executive nurses to increase self-awareness, knowledge, and ability in delegating nursing.

As North-South conflict appeared to overshadow Cold War tensions in the early 1970s, minor powers as well as non-aligned states across the world faced new challenges. The oil crisis, the rise of environmentalism, and the calls for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) propelled a wide-ranging debate within the Nordic countries regarding their complex position vis-a-vis international development and global environment. In Sweden, these debates reflect the emergence of (inter)national knowledge production about economic inequalities, ecological imbalances, and sustainable development. While these debates can be followed in both media and public debate, they also resulted in a specific body of governmental reports, research projects, and future long-term planning for the 1980s. By analysing a series of such studies from Sweden, this article problematizes the fusing of ecology and economy, the grand strategy of small states, and the local intellectual history of global solidarity during a key moment in the global Cold War. It is argued that the NIEO agenda/ideology played a significant but understudied role in shaping the debate on the balance between development and environment as well as the idea of Sweden's 'double loyalties' as a solidaristic small state and as a competitive advanced economy.

A follow-up study to Brüggemann et al. (2017), The appeasement effect of a United Nations climate summit on the German public Abstract Heat waves occurring around the world, outspoken warnings from scientists, international climate ac-tivism, and ensuing political debates on climate protection have ensured that climate change has finally caught the public's attention. This comparative analysis of public opinion during three UN climate sum-mits illustrates the awakening of public awareness of and an increased willingness to actively engage with climate change, probably as the cumulative effect of this combination of events. Comparing cli-mate change awareness, communicative engagement, knowledge, attitudes, and climate-friendly be-haviour during the 2015 (n = 1,477), 2018 (n = 1,044) and 2019 (n = 1,000) UN climate summits, we find major and consistently positive changes in various forms of active engagement with the issue. These results indicate that the appeasement effect observed in an earlier study during the 2015 Paris summit is over: the German public is now ready to take decisive steps to tackle the climate problem. Note for version 2: In the original version, one of the tables showed values with a wrong signedness.

This article systematically reviews recent empirical research on the factors shaping academics' knowledge about, and motivations to publish work in, so‐called 'predatory' journals. Growing scholarly evidence suggests that the concept of 'predatory' publishing' – used to describe deceptive journals exploiting vulnerable researchers – is inadequate for understanding the complex range of institutional and contextual factors that shape the publication decisions of individual academics. This review identifies relevant empirical studies on academics who have published in 'predatory' journals, and carries out a detailed comparison of 16 papers that meet the inclusion criteria. While most start from Beall's framing of 'predatory' publishing, their empirical findings move the debate beyond normative assumptions about academic vulnerability. They offer particular insights into the academic pressures on scholars at the periphery of a global research economy. This systematic review shows the value of a holistic approach to studying individual publishing decisions within specific institutional, economic and political contexts. Rather than assume that scholars publishing in 'questionable' journals are naïve, gullible or lacking in understanding, fine‐grained empirical research provides a more nuanced conceptualization of the pressures and incentives shaping their decisions. The review suggests areas for further research, especially in emerging research systems in the global South.