Suchergebnisse

In Mexico, teachers that instruct in primary and secondary levels of education are increasingly being evaluated by international and national policies and are being harshly judged by different social agents, such as mass communication media, public opinion, parents and entrepreneurs. Our country is continually evaluated and compared with other countries and has been located with very low levels of educational achievement. To attend this problem the government has proposed continual educational reforms that include diverse types of evaluation of schools, students, teachers and the institutions that are in charge of the preparation of the future teachers. However, these processes of actualization and reform haven't been articulated and there have been important changes in the labor conditions of these professionals, which has created great uncertainty. With an interview guide applied to 43 teachers, we found that teachers are interested in: a better cognitive knowledge and actualization; an approach to norms, rules and codes about values and ethical themes; the consequences of their professional decisions; the importance of team work and personal relations and communication. They consider themselves a behavioral model for their students and propose several ways to face the increasing uncertainty. ; En México, los profesores de educación básica están sometidos a crecientes procesos de evaluación que responden a políticas internacionales y nacionales y son duramente juzgados por diferentes actores sociales, tales como: medios de comunicación, opinión pública, padres de familia y empresarios. Nuestro país ha sido evaluado y comparado con otras naciones y ha sido calificado con bajos niveles educativos. Para responder a este problema, el gobierno ha propuesto reformas para la formación continua de los maestros y para la evaluación de escuelas, estudiantes, profesores e instituciones educativas responsables de la formación de nuevos profesores. Sin embargo, no ha habido una adecuada articulación de los procesos de actualización y se han producido cambios importantes en las condiciones laborales de los maestros, generando mayor incertidumbre. Con la aplicación de una guía de entrevista a 43 maestros, encontramos que están interesados en: profundizar sus conocimientos y en actualizarse, conocer las normas, reglas y códigos que se relacionan con valores y asuntos éticos; consecuencias de sus decisiones profesionales; la importancia del trabajo en equipo y la mejora de las relaciones personales y formas de comunicación. Se consideran modelos de comportamiento para sus estudiantes y proponen diversas maneras de enfrentar la creciente incertidumbre. ; Educación

Bicontinuous hierarchically porous Mn2O3 single crystals (BHP-Mn2O3-SCs) with uniform parallelepiped geometry and tunable sizes have been synthesized and used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The monodispersed BHP-Mn2O3-SCs exhibit high specific surface area and three dimensional interconnected bimodal mesoporosity throughout the entire crystal. Such hierarchical interpenetrating porous framework can not only provide a large number of active sites for Li ion insertion, but also good conductivity and short diffusion length for Li ions, leading to a high lithium storage capacity and enhanced rate capability. Furthermore, owing to their specific porosity, these BHP-Mn2O3-SCs as anode materials can accommodate the volume expansion/contraction that occurs with lithium insertion/extraction during discharge/charge processes, resulting in their good cycling performance. Our synthesized BHP-Mn2O3-SCs with a size of ~700 nm display the best electrochemical performance, with a large reversible capacity (845 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles), high coulombic efficiency (>95%), excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability (410 mA h g(-1) at 1 Ag(-1)). These values are among the highest reported for Mn2O3-based bulk solids and nanostructures. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study demonstrates that the BHP-Mn2O3-SCs are suitable for charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. ; This work was realized in the frame of a program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team (IRT1169) of the Chinese Ministry of Education. B. L. Su acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an "Expert of the State" position in the Program of the "Thousand Talents". Y. Li acknowledges Hubei Provincial Department of Education for the "Chutian Scholar" program. T. Hasan acknowledges funding from a Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship and EPSRC IAA Grant (GRASS). This work is also financially supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120143120019), This work is also financially supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2014CFB160) and Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of the SKLWUT (2015-ZD-7). We thank J.L. Xie, X.Q. Liu and T.T. Luo for TEM analysis from the Research and Test Center of Materials, Prof. L.Q. Mai for EIS analysis from WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory at Wuhan University of Technology. ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14686

Die zunehmende Professionalisierung des Fußballsports machte grds vor keinem rechtlich interessanten Themengebiet halt. Aufbauend auf dem am Bespiel des FC Red Bull Salzburg gezeigten Arbeitszyklus für Fußballspieler von altersübergreifenden Mannschaften folgt eine spezifische arbeitsrechtliche Einordnung derer. Zudem zeigen Randbereiche des Arbeitnehmer-Begriffs rechtlich interessante Aspekte auf, die ebenso kurz dargestellt werden. Als Folge dessen wird das Personalstatut vor allem für minderjährige Berufsfußballer mit dem vertiefenden Aspekt einer etwaigen zusätzlichen Zustimmungspflicht des anderen obsorgebetrauten Elternteils und der Genehmigung des Pflegschaftsgerichts zur vollen Gültigkeit behandelt, wie wurde der Anknüpfungsmoment der Staatsangehörigkeit bei länderübergreifenden Sachverhalten verdeutlicht. Dem Kinder- und Jugendlichenbeschäftigungsaspekt, welcher überwiegend im ersten Jahr ihrer Beschäftigung als Berufsfußballer stark zum Tragen kommt folgt ein kurzer Auszug ausgewählter verbandsrechtlicher Vorgaben in Bezug auf die (Aus-) Gestaltung des Arbeitsvertrags, der auch in der Gegenüberstellung mit den in der Anlage befindlichen Arbeitsverträgen eine Rechtskonformität dieser in Zweifel zieht. Unter kurzer Erwähnung der Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit für Unionsbürger wird ein Ansatz veranschaulicht, welcher es den Arbeitnehmern aus den AKPStaaten ermöglichen würde eine Gleichbehandlung hinsichtlich Arbeits-, Entlohnungs- und Kündigungsbedingungen zu erfahren. Zudem wird die Beschäftigungsbewilligung iSd AuslBG erörtert, welche für eine rechtskonforme Arbeitsaufnahme in Österreich von Nöten ist. Zu guter Letzt wird die Rechtsstellung von Nicht-Arbeitnehmern gegenüberstellt und die für diese aus den Verbandsstatuten fußende wie geltende Ausbildungsendschädigung im Ansatz erörtert bzw ihre Sittenwidrigkeit festgestellt. ; The ongoing professionalizing of soccer does not stop before legally interesting topics. Starting with an example of the working cycle, used at FC Red Bull Salzburg for soccer players in multi-age teams, this thesis deals with the legal classifications of the cycles used. Additionally boundary areas of the definition of the employee illustrate legally interesting topics, which are dealt with in this thesis. Due to this the staff regulations, especially for under aged soccer players with a focus on the aspect of an additional duty to obtain consent of both parents and approval of guardians court are clarified. Additionally the link to the nationality during cross-national circumstances is clarified. The aspect of child and youth labor, which is very important during the first year of employment as a professional soccer player, is followed in this thesis by a short extract dealing with selected associations law guidelines concerning contract design. These aspects are also compared to the contracts, enclosed in the appendix of this thesis. Additionally this thesis deals with unrestricted free movement of workers in the European Union and shows an approach that allows soccer players out of the European Union to be treated equally concerning working and compensation conditions. Furthermore the employment permit within the meaning of the foreign employment act which is required for a legally justified beginning of work is discussed. Finally this thesis compares the legal status of employees and non-employees of soccer clubs. In detail it is dealt with the education compensation which has its origin in the association statutes. ; vorgelegt von Robert Macher ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2015 ; (VLID)779811

Since 2007 land use planning has been implemented as a state policy with the National Secretary of Planning and Development as the primary leading organism. This policy foresees the elaboration of Development and Zoning Plans for different administrative entities, such as parishes, cantons and provinces, which then are integrated into the National Plan for Good Living. The preparation of the planning documents requires multidisciplinary teams of professionals and the use of special tools including GIS which are sets of data, software, databases, technology. The use of GIS within planning is vital because it provides the government and their planning authorities with accurate georeferenced information which leads us to make best decisions and translate these results into a PDOT. The creation of the spatial data infrastructure and the geoportal of Cañar's Provincial Government using free software has become an indispensable tool for good planning. This research demonstrates that public and private institutions can us GIS for planning and provide the basis for a systemized classification and access to spatial information nationwide. ; Desde el año 2007 se lleva a cabo la implementación de la Planificación como política de Estado y la Secretaria Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo como su eje rector, el pilar fundamental en el que se basa esta política son los Planes de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial que empiezan desde las parroquias, siguiendo luego los cantones, gobiernos provinciales y llegando a ser agrupados en un Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir. Para llevar a cabo estos documentos de planificación se requiere de equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales acompañados de sus respectivas herramientas dentro de estas, se incorporan los Sistemas de Información Geográfica que vienen a ser un conjunto de datos, software, bases de datos, tecnología. La utilización de SIG dentro de la planificación es vital debido a que nos brinda información precisa y georreferenciada para tomar las decisiones correctas al momento de planificar y plasmar estos resultados dentro de un PDOT. Por lo que la infraestructura de datos espaciales y Geoportal del Gobierno Provincial del Cañar que ha sido creado utilizando software libre se ha convertido en una herramienta indispensable para una buena planificación. La presente investigación demuestra que los Sistemas de Información Geográfica sirven para ayudar en la planificación de las distintas instituciones tantos públicas como privadas y es una iniciativa para llegar a una sistematización y articulación ordenada de la información cartográfica a nivel nacional.

Sustainable urban development is not a goal in itself; it is about maintaining and enhancing the quality of life within a city, without jeopardizing the natural and man-made systems that bring about this quality. Urban quality is known to be a multidimensional concept, which makes it difficult to manage. Furthermore, the indicators that are used to steer and monitor urban quality include objective as well as subjective variables; therefore, urban quality means different things to different actors. Local governments, urban planners and their advisors, in their pursuit of sustainable urban development, are facing serious dilemma's that arise from this illusive character of what we call 'urban quality'. They strive for high densities – which allows for a high level of amenities and public transport and minimizes conversion of green and open space into urban areas – but in the meantime have to minimize nuisance, pollution and risk. They make trade-offs between space for residential buildings and parks, or between the advantages of living close to the station and the downside of it, being bothered by railway noise. They have a tight budget, but also want to prepare for the effects of climate change. In short: they must balance a lot of different interests advocated by almost as many stakeholders. Apart from the technical aspects of urban quality, engineers who are concerned with designing and building the city must know how to deal with the 'soft' side of it: how can diverging interests be brought together or, if this is not possible, how can optimal trade-offs be made? Following a 'learning-by-doing' approach, we wanted to develop a serious game that would confront players with diverging interests in a particularly difficult case, namely the redevelopment of an inner-city area close to a railway station. We had a team of five students (from our geo-informatics, urban planning and real estate management programs) analyse the most important stakeholders and their interests and build a serious game, based on an existing game engine. We adopted a two-pronged strategy: 1: analyse existing urban projects of this type, combined with basic training of the game's concept and engine; 2: convert the analysis into a storyboard of stakeholders, actions, indicators and interrelationships. Apart from a first working prototype of the game, the learning effect of this pilot project was that students became aware of the importance of communicating and negotiating between stakeholders. ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Faculty ; Other

As technology undermines the economic model supporting the traditional press, news organizations are succumbing to the siren call of "native advertising" – a new marketing technique for unobtrusively integrating paid advertising into editorial content. Brands are increasingly turning to native ads to preempt consumers' well-documented ad avoidance. Although the native advertising model debuted on digital-native news sites, it is now ubiquitous in elite legacy media as well. Everyone knew "native" had arrived for good when the venerable New York Times not only introduced its online "Paid Post," but incorporated sponsored content in its print editions, and even hired an in-house branded content production team to conceive and execute the embedded ads on behalf of advertisers. Because such integrated advertising must inevitably flirt with disguise and deception, administrative and scholarly attention has principally addressed it through a consumer protection lens. Yet this conventional frame ignores the more insidious hazards of this transformational development. Apart from confusing at least some consumers, the turn to native ads will profoundly hobble the press in the exercise of its democratic role, and will invite recalibration of whatever privileged constitutional status it still has. These effects are particularly troubling in an age when increases in global state power and new forms of censorship call for a powerful, independent, and fearless press. Still, because native advertising is here to stay, admittedly imperfect responses must be explored. In that spirit, this Article proposes three solutions: (1) "voice priming": designing sponsorship disclosure at the per-ad level in close alignment with results of rigorous empirical research regarding consumers' cognitive and perceptual responses to labeling; (2)"surveillance-enabling": adopting additional, corporate-level disclosure designed to highlight advertiser identity and spending in order to aid public oversight over the editorial independence of news organizations; and (3) "collective standard setting": addressing structural impediments to collective action by news organizations to promote collective strategies for effective self-regulation in the deployment of native advertising. These solutions seek to promote a diverse Fourth Estate that sees itself as charged with engaging in accountability journalism. Although it is a closer question with respect to some kinds of native advertising, sponsorship disclosure requirements are unlikely to run afoul of the First Amendment. If they are deemed to do so, however, what might be seen as a free speech "victory" would be Pyrrhic indeed-ironically serving as the nail in the coffin of the press's distinct status. Recognizing this reality should create significant self-regulatory incentives.

The president reconstituted his cabinet in early December, focusing primarily on the economic team. The highly experienced Boediono was appointed as Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, while Sri Mulyani Indrawati was promoted from chair of the planning agency to become Minister of Finance. The former economics coordinating minister, Aburizal Bakrie, was made Coordinating Minister for Social Affairs-out of the economic limelight, but still with considerable influence. These changes overall have been well received by the markets, as indicated by a considerable strengthening of the rupiah. The challenges facing the new cabinet remain immense, however. On a range of macroeconomic variables, performance has fallen well short of the government's targets. Output growth declined to just 4.9% p.a. in the December quarter from 6.5% a year earlier. Investment growth has fallen to a very low level, giving rise to concern about the creation of job opportunities. In a booming global economy, exports grew by only 7.4% in the four quarters to December, despite Indonesia's wealth of natural resources. The inflation rate doubled from September to October to almost 18% p.a., although subsequent price increases have been much slower. The president's anti-corruption campaign continues to generate much attention. The number of corruption cases involving government officials and state enterprise managers brought to the courts continues to increase. Some high-profile cases have resulted in convictions, but others have not. The campaign seems likely also to be extended to judicial reforms, which are clearly crucial, but one urgent issue yet to be tackled directly is the widespread suspicion that funding of major political parties derives largely from abuse of power by government officials. Numerous floods and landslides early in 2006 resulted in deaths, injuries and considerable physical damage. The frequency of such natural disasters has risen significantly over time, suggesting that governments at all levels need to develop mechanisms to manage them and implement policies to mitigate or prevent them. Reconstruction progress in Aceh and Nias during 2005 was disappointingly slow. The reconstruction authority predicts dramatic improvement in 2006, but there appears to be a need to clarify the relationships among its three components, and to make some adjustments to its master plan, particularly in relation to land use planning. A reallocation of available funds among major activities, better coordination of implementing organisations, and a rethinking of conflicts between the authority's roles as implementation agency and coordinating agency may all be needed if the ambitious and urgent targets are to be met.

Includes bibliographical references. ; 2015 Summer. ; With an unprecedented rate of global change, diverse anthropogenic disturbances present growing challenges for coupled social-ecological systems. Biological invasions are one such disturbance known to cause negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and an array of other natural processes and human activities. Maps facilitated by advanced geospatial applications play a major role in resource management and conservation planning. However, local and indigenous knowledge are overwhelmingly left out of these conversations, despite the wealth of observational data held by resource-dependent communities and the potential negative impacts biological invasions have on local livelihoods. My integrative geospatial modeling research applied adaptive governance mechanisms of knowledge integration and co-production processes in concert with species distribution modeling tools to explore the potential threat of invasive plants to community-defined ecosystem services. Knowledge integration at the landscape scale in Alaska provided an important opportunity for re-framing risk assessment mapping to include Native Alaskan community concerns, and revealed the growing potential threat posed by invasive aquatic Elodea spp. to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and whitefish (Coregonus nelsonii) subsistence under current and future climate conditions. Knowledge integration and co-production at the local scale in northeastern Ethiopia facilitated shared learning between pastoral communities and researchers, leading to the discovery of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora), which was previously unknown to my research team or a number of government and aid organizations working in the region, thus providing a potentially robust early detection and monitoring approach for an invasive plant that holds acute negative impacts on a number of endemic ecosystem service-providing trees. This work revealed knowledge integration and co-production processes and species distribution modeling tools to be complimentary, with invasive species acting as a useful boundary-spanning issue for bringing together diverse knowledge sources. Moreover, bridging and boundary-spanning organizations and individuals enhanced this rapid appraisal process by providing access to local and indigenous communities and fostered a level of built-in trust and legitimacy with them. Challenges to this work still remain, including effectively working at broad spatial and governance scales, sustaining iterative processes that involve communities in validating and critiquing model outputs, and addressing underlying power disparities between stakeholder groups. Top-down, discipline-specific approaches fail to adequately address the complexity of ecosystems or the needs of resource-dependent communities. My work lends evidence to the power of integrative geospatial modeling as a flexible transdisciplinary methodology for addressing conservation efforts in rural regions with mounting anthropogenic pressures at different spatial and governance scales.

The purpose of Work Package 5 Deliverable 5.1., "Case study reports on energy efficiency and behaviour" is to present examples of behavioral interventions to promote energy efficiency in cities. The case studies were collected in January – June 2014, and they represent behavioural interventions from different sectors of energy efficiency from the following PLEEC partner countries: Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the UK, the Netherlands, Estonia, Bulgaria and Spain. Each case is presented shortly with key details of budget, target group, and methods as well as a short assessment of main success factors. The main addressees of D5.1. are city officials, NGO representatives, private sector actors and any other relevant actors who plan and realize behavioural energy efficiency interventions in European cities. The WP5 team will also further apply results from D5.1. with a more general model on how to conduct behavioural interventions, to be presented in Deliverable 5.5., the final report. This report will also provide valuable information for the WP6 general model for an Energy-Smart City. Altogether 38 behavioural interventions are analysed in this report. Each collected and analysed case study represents one way of conducting an intervention to promote some energy saving measures in a specific context. Each case study has been evaluated in terms general success, effectiveness, cost-efficiency and relevance. The main purpose of evaluating the case studies was to establish as accurately as possible that the reviewed interventions have achieved their goals of promoting energy efficiency in different key fields. How well suited each intervention type is for other contexts and countries, will be analysed more deeply in the WP5 final report. Energy efficiency is high on the European agenda. One of the goals of the European Union's 20‐20‐20 plan is to improve energy efficiency by 20% in 2020. However, holistic knowledge about energy efficiency potentials in cities is far from complete. Currently, a WP4 location in PLEEC project page 3 variety of individual strategies and approaches by different stakeholders tackling separate key aspects hinders strategic energy efficiency planning. For this reason, the PLEEC project – "Planning for Energy Efficient Cities" – funded by the EU Seventh Framework Programme uses an integrative approach to achieve the sus‐ tainable, energy– efficient, smart city. By coordinating strategies and combining best practices,PLEEC will develop a general model for energy efficiency and sustainable city planning. By connecting scientific excellence and innovative enterprises in the energy sector with ambitious and well‐organized cities, the project aims to reduce energy use in Europe in the near future and will therefore be an important tool contributing to the EU's 20‐20‐20 targets.

The article deals with the problem of uncertainty in social interaction and its various forms in the transforming Ukrainian society. We pay special attention to the unstructured status of this society, to setting up a new type of social reality and its negative character, to versions of trust, levels of trust and mistrust in individuals and organizations.We make use of the outcomes of social survey held in 26 oblasts of the country in 2012 by the Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine by the team led by V.M. Vorona, FNAS (a sample of 1800 respondents). The survey data revealed a negative trend in the change of all features of social reality. The majority of respondents see Ukrainian society as rapidly changing, unstable and chaotic. Levels of trust are determined by the degree of affinity (kinship, business relations or singlemindedness) in social interactions, accompanied by a fall in the level of trust in all political institutions and law enforcement agencies.We conclude that Ukraine showcases a variety of forms of uncertainty manifestation in a transforming society, and that in Ukrainian society the level of trust is the lowest in Europe. This is due to both general factors (globalization, crisis, level of economic development, political stability) and those specific for Ukraine. Overall, the decrease of trust is typical for European societies. ; В статье рассматривается проблема неопределенности в социальных взаимодействиях, различные формы проявления неопределенности в трансформирующемся обществе Украины. Обращается внимание на неструктурированность украинского общества, создание нового типа социальной реальности, ее негативный характер, разновидности доверия, уровень доверия и недоверия личностям и организациям. В статье использованы результаты социологического исследования, проведенного в 26 областях Украины в 2012 г. Институтом социологии Академии наук Украины под руководством академика В. М. Вороны (выборка 1800 чел.). Данные исследований позволяют отмечать негативную тенденцию изменения всех без исключения характеристик социальной реальности. В сознании большинства респондентов доминирует представление об украинском обществе как быстро меняющемся, неустойчивом, беспорядочном. Уровень доверия в украинском обществе определяется степенью близости (родственной, деловой и духовной) в социальных взаимодействиях при снижении уровня доверия ко всем политическим институтам и правоохранительным органам.Делается вывод о том, что Украина демонстрирует многообразие форм проявления неопределенности в трансформирующемся обществе, а уровень доверия в украинском обществе является самым низким в Европе. Это свидетельствует о влиянии не только общих факторов (глобализации, кризиса, уровня экономического развития, политической стабильности), но и специфических условий историко-культурного развития страны, поскольку в целом снижение доверия — общая тенденция для европейских обществ.

Статья посвящена исследованию этико-когнитивных отношений в процессе обучения студентов в вузе. Система этих отношений во многом определяет качество профессионального развития студентов. В статье даны определения этико-когнитивных и профессиональных этико-когнитивных отношений, определены их функции: регулятивная, семиотическая, аксиологическая, креативная. Главными педагогическими условиями, обеспечивающими эффективность исследования этико-когнитивных отношений, являются следующие: профессиональная позиция преподавателя на демократические, доброжелательные отношения и личностные качества обучающихся понимание другого, ответственность. Исследование проводилось в три этапа. В процессе исследования получили оценку следующие параметры: выявление готовности студентов к построению отношений; диагностика личностных качеств студентов; построение отношений студентов с родителями, преподавателями, сверстниками; диагностика предпочтительных форм отношений внутри коллектива. Обсуждение результатов исследования производилось на основе сравнения данных мониторинга этико-когнитивных отношений у студентов группы до и после обучения. Проведенное исследование определило факторы, способствующие и тормозящие построению этико-когнитивных отношений, что имеет практическое значение для дальнейшей работы преподавателя по формированию этих отношений. Сильные и слабые стороны этико-когнитивных отношений в группе определяют дальнейшую их корректировку при формировании профессиональной позиции. ; The article is devoted to the study of the ethical and cognitive relations in the learning process of students at the University. The system of these relations largely determines the quality of the professional development of students. The article gives the definition of the ethical and cognitive, professional ethical-cognitive relations and determines their functions: regulatory, semiotic and axiological, creative. The main pedagogical conditions providing efficiency to study the ethical-cognitive relations are as follows: professional position of the teacher to democratic, friendly relationship and personal characteristics of students understanding of the other, responsibility. The study was conducted in three stages. In the process of studies the following options have evaluated: the willingness of the students to construct relationships; the diagnostics of personal qualities of the students; the construction relationships of students with parents, teachers, peers; diagnostics of the preferred forms of relations within the team. Discussion of the study results was carried out on the basis of a comparison of the monitoring data ethical and cognitive relations to the students before and after training. The study has identified the factors contributing to and hindering the construction of ethical and cognitive relations that is of practical importance for the further work of the teacher in shaping these relations. The strong and weak aspects of ethical and cognitive relations in the group determine their further adjustment in the formation of the professional position.

Анализируется коммуникативный механизм юмора как средство эффективного воздействия политического лидера. Эффективность основано на полимодальности и полифункциональности юмора. Обосновано то, что юмор является важной составляющей личности лидера благодаря присущим юмору генетическим свойствам, проявляющимся одновременно, посредством отражения сущности объектов и ситуаций, действующих на личность. Юмор является важной составляющей личности лидера благодаря присущим юмору генетическим свойствам, проявляющимся одновременно, посредством отражения сущности объектов и ситуаций, действующих на личность. Юмор помогает лидеру найти нужную психологическую дистанцию и таким образом сформировать более адекватную реакцию личности. Юмор, содержащийся в речи лидера, оптимизирует действие базовых коммуникативных функций. Таких, как: контактоустанавливающей, воздействия, хранения и передачи установок лидера и программы действия. Посредством данных функций юмор эффективно мобилизует коммуникативные ресурсы личности, поддерживая позитивную эмоциональную связь между членами команды, стремящейся к достижению общей цели, обозначенной лидером. Анализ эффективности воздействия коммуникативного механизма юмора иллюстрируется примерами деятельности политических лидеров, как «давно минувших дней», так и политических лидеров современности. Юмор в значительной степени оптимизирует процесс воздействия политических лидеров на электорат, особенно в процессе организации и проведении информационной части избирательных кампаний, PR-воздействия на аудиторию. ; It analyzes the communicative mechanism of humor as a means to effectively influence the political leader. Efficacy based on polymodality and multifunctional humor. It is proved that humor is an important part of the leader's personality thanks to the humor inherent genetic properties are at work, by the reflection of the essence of objects and situations, acting on a person. Humor is an important part of the leader's personality thanks to the humor inherent genetic properties are at work, by the reflection of the essence of objects and situations, acting on a person. Humor helps to find the leader of the psychological distance and thus form a more adequate response of the individual. Humor, contained in the speech the leader optimizes the effect of basic communicative functions. Such as: kontaktoustanavlivayuschey, exposure, storage and transmission systems leader and program of action. Through these functions, humor effectively mobilizes resources communicative personality, maintaining a positive emotional bond between team members, striving to achieve a common goal, the designated leader. Analysis of the effectiveness of the mechanism of humor communicative impact is illustrated by examples of political leaders as a "bygone days" and political leaders of our time. Humor in greatly optimizes the impact of political leaders on the electorate, especially in the process of organizing and conducting the information part of the election campaigns, PR-impact on the audience.

Страхование является важнейшим финансово-кредитным институтом. Оно функционирует в соответствии с действующими в России нормативно-правовыми документами. В этой связи страхование и творчество на первый взгляд кажутся совершенно несовместимыми. Однако преподавательский опыт автора не только опровергает такую точку зрения, а в полной мере доказывает противоположное. Об этом свидетельствуют представленные в данной статье материалы. ; In this paper the author considers a non-conventional (creative) approach to teaching "Insurance". Insurance is one of the most significant financial and credit institution. In countries with developed market economies it is a strategic sector and an important area for investment. Insurance make it possible to protect the state and its citizens, the industrial and social sectors against different risks occurring in the modern society. Insurance functions in accordance with the adopted Russian legislation and regulation documents. Due to this, insurance and creativity seem to be completely incompatible. However, my teaching experience disproves this assumption. For the purpose of incorporating creativity into the academic subject "Insurance", I employed the following teaching techniques: discussion of issues chosen by students followed by a presentation of their reviews, watching national and foreign films on insurance with subsequent discussion, exposure to tests and crosswords related to particular sections of the academic discipline including its insurance line, problem solving, reviewing practical situations, conducting business games and economic dictations. Furthermore, students who do not miss lectures and seminar classes, those who actively participate in all activities, are granted the right to take their credit test in a non-conventional, id est, creative format. The scenario of a creative task is developed independently by a group for 2 or more months. Simultaneously, students develop the following abilities: 1) ability to act and interact as a team; 2) ability to take responsibility not only for oneself but for also for each member of their group. In this context, the question arises, whether students who lag behind are allowed to participate in a creative task. They are certainly involved. However, in order to pass a credit test or a graded exam they are also required to answer some questions related to topics covered during the semester. This is due to be done orally or in written form. Undoubtedly, the level and quality of a creative task is determined by the intellectual potential of students in a group. The creative solutions that have been presented by the students of the Faculty of Economics over the last few years prove the fact that the faculty comprises many bright and talented students.

Современные веяния государственной политики нашей страны требуют внедрения инновационных технологий в учебную работу. Это предполагает целенаправленное внедрение в образовательный процесс новых методов и технологий, способствующих эффективному обучению. Совместная деятельность студентов в процессе познания, освоения учебного материала означает, что каждый вносит свой особый индивидуальный вклад, идет обмен знаниями, идеями, способами деятельности. Сущность и образовательные возможности деловой игры представляют ее исследование в рамках более широкой психолого-педагогической теории. Деловая игра — это моделирование предметного и социального содержания труда специалистов. Деловая игра «Электронное студенческое правительство» была разработана и активизирована для студентов направления бизнес-информатики Владикавказского филиала финансового университета при Президенте РФ. В ней предполагается усилиями студентов и преподавателей упомянутого университета провести педагогический эксперимент. Рассматривается экономическая задача — прогнозирование цены на нефть. Описываются процедура проведения эксперимента и предполагаемые результаты, которые можно получить. В результате проведения эксперимента предполагается разработать математическую модель и провести сравнительный анализ экспериментальных исследований. В работе исследуются проблема профессиональной мотивации, выработка опыта принятия решений посредством деловой игры, умение студентов работать в коллективе. ; Modern trends of state policy of our country require the introduction of innovative technologies in educational work. It involves the purposeful introduction in educational process of new methods and technologies that enhance effective learning. Such methodological innovations today are interactive methods and technologies of training in which almost all students are involved in the learning process. Joint activities of students in the learning process, development of educational material means that each makes its own particular contribution, sharing of knowledge, ideas and ways of working. The essence and educational opportunities of the business game present her research as part of the broader psychological and pedagogical theory. Business game is a simulation of the subject and social content specialists. Business game "Electronic student government" was developed and activated for students of business Informatics Vladikavkaz branch of the financial University under the RF President. It´s assumed by the efforts of students and teachers referred to the University conduct a pedagogical experiment. Discusses the economic problem the prediction of oil prices. Describes the procedure of the experiment and the expected results that can be obtained. As a result of the experiment is to develop a mathematical model and a comparative analysis of experimental studies. This paper considers the problem of professional motivation, elaboration of the experience of decision making through business games, students ´ abilities to work in a team.

A rapid process of water reform in Australia has seen governments rely heavily on 'expert' or 'scientific' panel advice for river condition and environmental flow assessments. These multi-disciplinary teams of scientists have enabled a quick and relatively inexpensive injection of science into what is often a data-poor decision process. However, expert panels suffer from several important drawbacks including a lack of transparency and repeatability, and unquantified uncertainty. In the case of the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric scheme, a government initiative to corporatize the government-owned authority led to the establishment of the Snowy Water Inquiry (SWI) that was required by law to propose and evaluate (within a six month period) a range of options for future river regulation, diversion and environmental flows. A Scientific Reference Panel (SRP) was therefore established to assess current (1998) river condition and to assess the likely environments benefits of a range of environmental flow options. The SRP attempted to overcome a number of the typical shortcomings of the expert panel approach by (i) integrating available data with expert opinion in its assessments, and (ii) developing a composite River Condition Index (RCI) underpinned by a conceptual framework that links habitat and biotic condition and comprises several sub-indices that translate qualitative assessments (relative to a pre-disturbance reference condition) into numeric values in a transparent and repeatable manner. The SRP estimated the level of uncertainty associated with its various assessments, and used these to quantify uncertainty estimates on RCI values. In this paper the RCI is described and its use is illustrated through presentation of the assessments of current (1998) river condition and the associated uncertainty analyses that were made for the rivers in the Snowy Mountains area. The results suggest that in spite of high levels of uncertainty associated with individual assessments, the SRP was able to demonstrate significant difference in current condition between rivers, and in likely future condition between different environmental flow scenarios. Although further investigations and lengthy negotiations occurred subsequent to the SWI to achieve corporatization, the environmental assessments made in the SWI provided the most comprehensive source of information available to governments and the community regarding the likely environmental outcomes of the proposed changes. Subsequent to the SWI the scenario-based approach to environmental flow assessment has become increasingly common internationally, and major Australian river condition assessments have adopted a similar conceptual framework to the RCI.