Suchergebnisse

In the face of the uncertainty and instability of the external economic and geopolitical environment, Russian regions face the urgent task of forming an effective model of territorial development to ensure sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life. The concept "smart city" is widely spread not only in academic and expert circles, but also in the sphere of practical application and implementation in the social and economic life of modern regions as a promising development model. The authors aim to substantiate the theoretical and methodological provisions and tools of the adaptive methodology of modern regional development in the transition to the concept of smart city. Dialectical and system approaches, general scientific methods of retrospective, situational, comparative, factor analysis, content analysis of scientific literature, economic-statistical, comparative, analytical methods of research were used to achieve the aim and solve the problems. The research approach is based on the theoretical and methodological provisions and tools of the adaptive methodology of modern regional development in conditions of transition to the concept of smart city. The focal point of the smart city concept is people – involved subjects interested in applying this concept in solving local problems. The ability to conceptually connect different spheres of life of the population, business units and representatives of public administration depends on the level (strategic, tactical, operative) and methods of their mutual communication, information and experience exchange, innovativeness. A reasonable approach should result in a balanced and functional decision for the given task. Then the main tool of the intellectual approach is a transparent and open information platform, and the main tool is an open and highly effective communication at the level of social dialogue between all involved urban development participants. The authors conclude that the smart city is a future challenge, a model of a city where technology serves people and improves the quality of their economic and social life. At the same time, decisions made in smart cities are not limited to technology, but require active involvement of the population in "smart development". Besides, it is necessary to understand that there is no reference model of "smart city" development, each individual case requires an individual approach.

Introduction. The article analyzes the transformations of the concept of justice in early Byzantine thought. The purpose of the article is to test the hypothesis that the semantic shifts in the meaning of the concept of justice in the philosophical and theological literature were due to political processes and events. Methods. The article analyzes the political philosophical and political theological texts of the fourth century: "Oration in Honor of Constantine on the Thirtieth Anniversary of His Reign" by Eusebius of Caesarea; "Panegyric in Honour of Constantius" and "The Heroic Deeds of Constantius" by emperor Julian ("The Apostate"); "On Kingship" by Synesius of Cyrene. In the course of the analysis, the methodological tools of the history of concepts were used. Analysis. The analysis revealed a conflict between the concepts of "justice" and "piety". It was found that the analyzed texts violate the ancient political and philosophical correlation of these concepts in which piety is considered as a form of justice. In the texts of Eusebius of Caesarea, piety is presented as a particular virtue without any connection with justice. Moreover, the frequency of using the concept of "piety" in the sense of the ruler's virtue significantly exceeds the frequency of using the concept of "justice" in the sense of political virtue. In the texts of the Emperor Justinian, the discursive status of "justice" is restored. However, in the political philosophy of Synesius of Cyrene, the correlation of the concepts of "justice" and "piety" prescribed by Eusebius of Caesarea is fixed. Results. These processes is due to the influence of religious discourse on political one which is quite understandable in the works of theologians, on the one hand, and the crisis of polis and republican political technologies and discourses in the situation of increasing complexity of administrative tasks faced by the Roman emperors of the 4th century, on the other hand which subsequently led to the formation of a specific Byzantine "taxis" – a socio-cultural order. In this regard, the texts of Emperor Julian can be considered as an unsuccessful attempt to restore the previous discourse, an attempt to restore justice to a dominant place among the virtues of the ruler. The failure of this attempt is attested from the texts of Synesius of Cyrene. All the above allows us to conclude that a new Christian-imperial political discourse is being generated in the corpus of philosophical and theological texts in which the concept of justice is given a relatively modest place.

Introduction. The article considers the trends in the development of Soviet historiography of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Analysis. The interrelation of the evolution of the views of Soviet researchers on pre-revolutionary pacifism with socio-political changes in the USSR is revealed. The negative assessments of "bourgeois pacifism" expressed by V.I. Lenin had a significant impact on the study of peacekeeping in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Methods and materials. In the existing historiography, only certain aspects of the problem are considered. Among the most important methods and approaches used in writing this work are the historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods. The source base of the study was primarily scientific works, reference and encyclopedic publications, and journalistic materials. Results. The authors propose to single out three stages in the history of the study of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in Soviet times. The most distinct features of the first stage (lack of significant research on the topic, harshness, and categorical assessments) emerged in the mid-1920s and were traced until the mid-1950s. Against the background of political changes in the USSR and the growth of public interest in the problem of maintaining peace, there was a serious increase in research interest in the history of Russian anti-war thought. Peacekeeping ideas were considered during this period primarily within the framework of legal, historical, and philosophical studies. The third stage became noticeable at the end of the 1980s, which manifested itself in a significant increase in works on the history of domestic pacifism and its terminological "rehabilitation." Authors' contribution. N.Yu. Nikolaev revealed the trends in the development of Soviet historiography of Russian anti-war thought in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. S.P. Ramazanov analyzed methodological approaches and carried out general scientific editing of the article.

Introduction. The functioning of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the Soviet rear is of research interest to understand the sources of the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. Methods and Materials. The source base of the study is represented by documents from the central and local archives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the study, a modernization methodological approach was applied, historical-comparative and historical-genetic research methods were used. Analysis. The article deals with management mechanisms and characterizes the objects of social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the military complex of the USSR with the example of defense enterprises of such front and rear regions as Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan with regard to the period 1941–1945. The difficulties of functioning of working hostels, health centers, nurseries, canteens, subsidiary farms, caused by extreme conditions of wartime and a general lack of material and financial resources, are shown. Results. During the analysis, it was possible to establish regional differences in the activities of social infrastructure facilities, violations of the principle of social justice and unsatisfactory quality of social services provided were noted. Using the example of three regions of the USSR, the conclusion is made about the importance of social policy at industrial enterprises for improving production discipline and the survival of workers. Authors' contribution. M.N. Potemkina analyzed the documents of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, developed the methodological foundations of the study, formulated the main results; R.S. Zharkynbayeva analyzed archival sources from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which allowed to determine the regional features of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises. E.V. Anufrieva participated in identifying documents from the archives of the Volgograd region and writing the final text.

The article discusses the features of the process of transformation of human consciousness and educational culture in the conditions of the modern information society in the context of digitalization. By using such concepts, the theory of postmodernism and existentialism, the authors prove the legitimacy of the explication of these theories on the processes of transformation of human consciousness and radical changes in educational culture. At the same time, the necessity of critical reflection on the processes and phenomena from the perspective of the basic values of human life, such as love, moral values, creativity, is emphasized. The role of independent and systemic thinking as a condition for selfrealization is also proved. The phenomenology of modern consciousness, intertwined with the phenomena of technology, is the basis of the existential analysis of consciousness. According to the authors, it is an utmost technological and utilitarian orientation of consciousness. Consciousness today is a reflection of the technological orientation of society and this cannot but affect the educational culture, which is becoming technological. The information space modulates the independence of thinking as a support for authoritative opinions, awakening the needs for material well-being, to the detriment of the dialogic nature of thinking and the independence of thinking.

The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical and practical aspects of internal state financial control, namely digitalization, as the most effective tool of the financial control reform carried out by the state. "Digitali-zation" is defined as the process of introducing new digital technologies into all spheres of human life. The main goal of the digitalization of state financial control is the effective use of technologies to ensure transpar-ency, efficiency and responsibility in the management of public finances. Digital tools allow automating and simplifying the processes of collecting, analyzing and controlling financial data, as well as improving the accu-racy and reliability of information. Digitalization has become an engine, a driver of global development, ensur-ing an increase in the efficiency of the economy, also increases the effectiveness of state control and improv-ing the quality of life. The elements of the system of reforming the state financial control are highlighted. It also presents the analysis of current trends in the development of digitalization of state control in Russia. One of the main advantages of digitalization of internal state financial control is the increase of efficiency and accuracy of this process. An important aspect of the article is the consideration of the application of digital technologies in the process of organization of internal state financial control, improvement of its elements.