Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThis study documented the parenting styles among African migrants now living in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and assessed how intergenerational issues related to parenting in a new culture impact on family functioning and the modification of lifestyles. A total of 10 focus group discussions (five with parents and five with 13–17‐year‐old children; N = 85 participants) of 1.5–2 hours duration were conducted with Sudanese, Somali and Ethiopian migrant families. The analysis identified three discrete themes: (i) parenting‐related issues; (ii) family functioning and family relations; and (iii) lifestyle changes and health. African migrant parents were restrictive in their parenting; controlled children's behaviours and social development through strict boundary‐setting and close monitoring of interests, activities, and friends; and adopted a hierarchical approach to decision‐making while discouraging autonomy among their offspring. Programmes seeking to improve the health and welfare of African migrants in their host countries need to accommodate the cultural and social dimensions that shape their lives. Such programmes may need to be so broad as to apply an acculturation lens to planning, and to assist young people, parents and families in addressing intergenerational issues related to raising children and growing up in a different social and cultural milieu.

PurposeModels of workplace turnover are rarely assessed in contexts other than that in which they were developed. This reduces their generalizability and their usefulness in providing managers with guidance as to what they might do to reduce workers intentions to quit. The purpose of this study is to test a model derived from a study of shop floor retail salespeople in the call centre environment.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire measuring the variables in the model was completed by 126 call centre representatives recruited from 11 call centres in Melbourne, Australia.FindingsAlthough the model was supported, the interactions among the variables differed. In particular, stressors played a bigger, albeit indirect, role in the intention to quit.Practical implicationsCall centre managers need to consider carefully the aspects of the work environment that may be stressful. If appropriately addressed, turnover may be reduced, and productivity increased.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates that the model of turnover derived from shop floor salespeople is generally robust in the call centre setting. It provides management of call centres with some guidance as to the factors associated with turnover and areas that can be addressed to reduce it.

Abstract
Background
The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines describe modular standards that journals can adopt to promote open science. The TOP Factor is a metric to describe the extent to which journals have adopted the TOP Guidelines in their policies. Systematic methods and rating instruments are needed to calculate the TOP Factor. Moreover, implementation of these open science policies depends on journal procedures and practices, for which TOP provides no standards or rating instruments.

Methods
We describe a process for assessing journal policies, procedures, and practices according to the TOP Guidelines. We developed this process as part of the Transparency of Research Underpinning Social Intervention Tiers (TRUST) Initiative to advance open science in the social intervention research ecosystem. We also provide new instruments for rating journal instructions to authors (policies), manuscript submission systems (procedures), and published articles (practices) according to standards in the TOP Guidelines. In addition, we describe how to determine the TOP Factor score for a journal, calculate reliability of journal ratings, and assess coherence among a journal's policies, procedures, and practices. As a demonstration of this process, we describe a protocol for studying approximately 345 influential journals that have published research used to inform evidence-based policy.

Discussion
The TRUST Process includes systematic methods and rating instruments for assessing and facilitating implementation of the TOP Guidelines by journals across disciplines. Our study of journals publishing influential social intervention research will provide a comprehensive account of whether these journals have policies, procedures, and practices that are consistent with standards for open science and thereby facilitate the publication of trustworthy findings to inform evidence-based policy. Through this demonstration, we expect to identify ways to refine the TOP Guidelines and the TOP Factor. Refinements could include: improving templates for adoption in journal instructions to authors, manuscript submission systems, and published articles; revising explanatory guidance intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the TOP Guidelines; and clarifying the distinctions among different levels of implementation.
Research materials are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/txyr3/.

Vision rehabilitation staff were trained to deliver problem-solving therapy for primary care (PST-PC) over the telephone to adults with depressive symptoms and low vision. Training was a 2-day workshop, completion of training cases, and assessment of treatment fidelity. Staff perspectives of training and challenges in PST-PC delivery were explored. Telephone-administered semi-structured interviews were conducted pre- and post-workshop and following PST-PC competency. In all, 14 staff (mean age = 47.64 years, SD = 12.68 years, 93% females) achieved competency and 6 withdrew. Results showed an increased understanding of PST-PC from pre- to post-workshop ( Z = −2.71, p = .007) and pre-workshop to post-competency ( Z = −3.09, p = .002). A high level of satisfaction with training was reported. Staff challenges included the clients' ability to define problems and brainstorm solutions. Training enabled staff to competently deliver PST-PC and may serve as a model for integrating depression care into vision rehabilitation services recommended by international guidelines.

Context. Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a vertebrate pesticide used in several countries, including New Zealand, where it is the main pesticide for controlling brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) – a significant agricultural and conservation pest. There is growing concern internationally about the impacts of vertebrate pesticides, including 1080, on pest animal welfare. Aims. Behavioural changes and time to loss of consciousness of possums after 1080 ingestion in carrot baits were determined to compare the animal welfare impacts with other possum pesticides. Methods. Eight lethally dosed possums and eight that consumed a dose intended to be sublethal were observed until death or recovery but not handled. Another nine lethally dosed possums were handled to determine responses to stimuli, indicating time to loss of consciousness. Key results. Unhandled, lethally dosed possums died after 11 h 26 min ± 1 h 55 min (mean ± s.e.m.). Half had abnormal appearances and postures 1 h 50 min ± 9 min after consuming baits. Seven showed retching, and three vomited, over 27 ± 12 min from 2 h 53 min ± 13 min. Lack of coordination began 3 h 37 min ± 32 min after dosing, then possums spent most of the time until death lying, showing spasms and tremors. Five showed seizures while lying prostrate. Possums receiving a nominally sublethal dose all showed signs of poisoning, including abnormal postures, lethargy, lack coordination, retching, spasms or tremors, and a cessation of grooming, feeding and activity. One died 18 h 15 min after dosing, experiencing two seizures within 30 min of death. Response to handling, indicating total loss of consciousness, was lost in two possums before death. Conclusions. Possums ingesting a lethal dose of 1080 experienced ~9.5 h of changed behaviour and lost consciousness close to death, although awareness was likely reduced sometime beforehand. Possums ingesting a nominally sublethal dose experienced some effects of poisoning. Implications. These impacts are intermediate compared with other possum pesticides in New Zealand. Nevertheless, the potential for consciousness during and after retching and seizures is undesirable for animal welfare. Further work is encouraged on alternatives to 1080 and means of reducing its impact on animal welfare.

Although a relationship between volunteering and well-being has been demonstrated in numerous studies, well-being has generally been poorly operationalized and often defined by the relative absence of pathology. In this study, the authors take a positive approach to defining well-being and investigate the relationship between volunteering and personal and neighborhood well-being. The theoretical approach incorporates elements of the homeostatic model of well-being. A sample of 1,289 adults across Australia completed a questionnaire that assessed personal and neighborhood wellbeing, personality factors, and the psychosocial resources implicated in the homeostatic model of well-being. Analyses reveal that volunteers had higher personal and neighborhood well-being than nonvolunteers and that volunteering contributed additional variance in well-being even after psychosocial and personality factors were accounted for. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research and the homeostatic model of well-being, and it is argued that the relationship between volunteering and well-being is robust.

Abstract
Preregistration of studies is a recognized tool in clinical research to improve the quality and reporting of all gained results. In preclinical research, preregistration could boost the translation of published results into clinical breakthroughs. When studies rely on animal testing or form the basis of clinical trials, maximizing the validity and reliability of research outcomes becomes in addition an ethical obligation. Nevertheless, the implementation of preregistration in animal research is still slow. However, research institutions, funders, and publishers start valuing preregistration, and thereby level the way for its broader acceptance in the future. A total of 3 public registries, the OSF registry, preclinicaltrials.eu, and animalstudyregistry.org already encourage the preregistration of research involving animals. Here, they jointly declare common standards to make preregistration a valuable tool for better science. Registries should meet the following criteria: public accessibility, transparency in their financial sources, tracking of changes, and warranty and sustainability of data. Furthermore, registration templates should cover a minimum set of mandatory information and studies have to be uniquely identifiable. Finally, preregistered studies should be linked to any published outcome. To ensure that preregistration becomes a powerful instrument, publishers, funders, and institutions should refer to registries that fulfill these minimum standards.

Taking a practical approach, this textbook helps those working with animals to apply methods for improving welfare, bridging the gap between scientific research and practical application. It provides a guide to practical evaluation and auditing of welfare for farm animals, emphasizing the importance of measuring conditions that compromise welfare.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Deleuze and Research Methodologies -- Chapter 1 Deleuze and Guattari in the Nursery: Towards an Ethnographic Multi-Sensory Mapping of Gendered Bodies and Becomings -- Chapter 2 Mobile Sections and Flowing Matter in Participant-Generated Video: Exploring a Deleuzian Approach to Visual Sociology -- Chapter 3 More-Than-Human Visual Analysis: Witnessing and Evoking Affect in Human- Nonhuman Interactions -- Chapter 4 Affect as Method: Feelings, Aesthetics and Affective Pedagogy -- Chapter 5 Desire Undone: Productions of Privilege, Power and Voice -- Chapter 6 Data-as-Machine: A Deleuzian Becoming -- Chapter 7 Looking and Desiring Machines: A Feminist Deleuzian Mapping of Bodies and Affects -- Chapter 8 Disrupting 'Anorexia Nervosa': An Ethnography of the Deleuzian Event -- Chapter 9 Classification or Wonder? Coding as an Analytic Practice in Qualitative Research -- Chapter 10 Activating Micropolitical Practices in the Early Years: (Re)assembling Bodies and Participant Observations -- Chapter 11 Researching the Pedagogical Apparatus (Dispositif): An Ethnography of the Molar, Molecular and Desire in Contexts of Extreme Urban Poverty -- Chapter 12 Lost in Data Space: Using Nomadic Analysis to Perform Social Science -- Notes on Contributors -- Index