ABSTRACT With this thesis, we have investigated the criteria that make it difficult to understand the forms of cultural consumption that have altered the ways of exercising citizenship in the process of sociality of young people in the urban area of the Laredo district in 2018. The characteristics of the research is mixed, both the use of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it is also of the Basic Descriptive type; the simple random probabilistic sample type. The representative sample was 112 young men and women and between the ages of 18 to 24 years. The results of the research regarding the forms of cultural consumption, is described and analyzed through the ways in which young people consume, use and use the material products and services, do it through the likes and dislikes and the uses and preferences for television predominantly by programs contests, sports, telenovelas, music videos; for the usual music of cumbia, reggaetón, hip hop. Regarding the consumption of cinematography as a service, young people attend and prefer for foreign films and entertainment. Virtual conversations, surfing the internet, going to discos, watching movies or TV, watching music videos on TV / internet are the means of expressions and uses that lead to the symbolic appropriation of young people to become their own. The current generation and the reallocation of lifestyles at the local level. This situation leads to different levels of status in young people through the prestige of buying and consuming cell phones, acquired by fashion and quality, as well as the purchase of internet and cable TV packages. The new situation of understanding the citizenship of young people is reconfigured with the difference and inequality of consumption and the use and use of material products and services, uses and preferences of formality and informality through the persuasion of legitimacy of television for the transmission and discredit of the political issue and citizen insecurity, the smuggling of clothing and shoes as an illicit trade service reconfigures the difference and inequality, and the piracy of the purchase of music and film CDs to understand legality and morality. ; RESUMEN Con la presente tesis, se ha investigado sobre los criterios que dificultan para entender las formas de consumos culturales que han alterado las maneras de ejercer la ciudadanía en el proceso de socialidad de los jóvenes de la zona urbana del distrito de Laredo en el año 2018. Las características de la investigación es mixta, tanto la utilización de metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa, además es de tipo Básica Descriptiva; el tipo de muestra probabilística aleatoria simple. La muestra representativa fue de 112 jóvenes hombres y mujeres y entre las edades de 18 a 24 años. Los resultados de la investigación respecto a las formas del consumo cultural, se describe y se analiza a través de los modos en que los jóvenes consumen, utilizan y emplean los productos materiales y servicios, lo realizan a través de los gustos y desagrados y de los usos y preferencias por la televisión con predominancia por los programas concursos, deportivos, telenovelas, vídeos musicales; por la música habitual de la cumbia, reggaetón, hip hop. Respecto a los consumos por la cinematografía como servicio, los jóvenes asisten y prefieren por las películas extranjeras y por entretenimiento. Las conversaciones virtuales, navegar por internet, ir a las discotecas, ver películas de cine o Tv, ver vídeos musicales por Tv/internet, son los medios de expresiones y de usos que conducen a la apropiación simbólica de los jóvenes de hacerse suyos, propias de la generación actual y de la reasignación de los estilos de vida a nivel local. Esta situación conduce a los distintos niveles de estatus en los jóvenes a través del prestigio de comprar y de consumir los celulares, adquiridos por la moda y la calidad, además de la compra de los paquetes de internet y cable TV. La nueva situación de entender la ciudadanía de los jóvenes se reconfigura con la diferencia y la desigualdad de los consumos y de la utilización y empleo de los productos materiales y servicios, usos y preferencias de la formalidad e informalidad a través de la persuasión de legitimidad de la televisión por la transmisión y el descrédito de la cuestión política y de la inseguridad ciudadana, del contrabando de ropa y zapatillas como servicio de comercio ilícito reconfigura la diferencia y desigualdad, y la piratería informática de la compra de CD de música y películas para entender la legalidad y la moralidad. ; Tesis
Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are substances that can be transferred from food packaging materials into foodstuffs and are "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The formation of PAAs from multilayer packaging materials consisting of aromatic polyurethane (PU) adhesives occurs from the reaction between residual isocyanic monomers (the most widely used of which are 2,4-toluene diisocyanate – TDI and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate – MDI) that have migrated to the surface of the inner layer of the package and water molecules making contact with the same plastic surface. However, for foods subjected to thermal treatments, an alternative formation of PAAs should also be taken into consideration. Due to the detrimental effect of the temperature, some secondary bonds (namely allophanate and biuret bonds) displaced on the main PU backbone may be disrupted, originating neo-formed isocyanic monomers (such as TDI and MDI). The migration of these monomers from the adhesive layer across the inner sealing film can lead to PAAs as soon as they come into contact with the water molecules of the liquid or high aw packaged food. Although the existence and the mechanisms of the formation of allophanate and biuret linkages during the polymerization process with poly-isocyanates has been known for a long time, the negative impact on public health possibly arising from the migration of the neo-formed isocyanic monomers into the foods during thermal treatments seems to have not been fully perceived, with special regard to preservative heat treatments such as pasteurization and sterilization. Regardless of the origin, the quantification of the risks associated with the potential formation of PAAs must be made by strict compliance with the provisions included in the current European legislation. However, both the non-selectivity of the widely adopted spectrophotometric method and the number of drawbacks associated with the more sophisticated techniques used at academic level and highly specialized laboratories impose the necessity for alternative analytical tools for the PAAs quantification. In this thesis, after an introductive part on electrochemistry and the use of electrochemical sensors in food science, an in-depth review of the issues associated to the PAAs migration possibly occurring from food packaging materials is presented in chapter 1. In the following three chapters, the focus has been addressed to the implementation of electrochemical routes for the determination of PAAs by the development of modified electrochemical sensors characterized by high selectivity and sensitivity. More specifically, chapter 2 deals with the fabrication of a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the selective quantification of TDA. Different levels of complexity were investigated by modifying the electrode's surface with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWCNTs in chitosan (CS) and using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In chapter 3 is described the development of a nanosensor for the MDA determination using multi-walled carbon nanotubes, chitosan, and gold nanoparticles for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs-CS-Au/GCE). In chapter 4, a new electrochemical sensor is proposed to determine MDA using a templating-based method known as 'molecularly imprinted polymer', together with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as conductive nanoparticles (MIP/MWCNTs/GCE). The three electrochemical sensors have been described in detailed fashion as far as both a polymer science perspective and analytical performance are concerned.
Статья посвящена выявлению специфики регионального сообщества на примере Ивановской области в части изучения политических и символических практик населения, связанных с кон-струированием позитивного образа территории. Отдельно автор рассматривает аспекты по-вышения туристической привлекательности в контексте формирования позитивного образа региона. Хронологические рамки исследования 2005-15 гг. С 2006 г. Ивановская область начинает позиционироваться как территория для инвестиций. Постепенно создается культурный бэк-граунд. Так, в регионе появилась событийная активность в виде Международного кинофести-валя имени Андрея Тарковского «Зеркало», российского фестиваля моды «Плес на Волге. Льняная палитра» и ряда других. Постепенно возникли точки роста туристской привлекательности. Та-кими центрами стали города Палех и Плес. Однако вся проводимая местной властью политика по созданию позитивного образа региона оказалась обреченной на провал, поскольку не учиты-вала особенности региональной идентичности жителей Ивановской области. Попытки созда-ния событийной активности, конструирование новых смыслов территории привели в регионе, с одной стороны, к непродолжительному маркетинговому эффекту, а с другой к отторжению этих идей со стороны сообщества. Поиск коренных смыслов региональной идентичности, их анализ, а также выстраивание грамотной политики формирования позитивного образа тер-ритории задача, которая должна стать первоочередной в деятельности органов местной власти. Однако в силу различных причин такая системная работа в Ивановской области не про-водилась и не проводится. Автор делает вывод о том, что эффективным и устойчивым может быть только тот образ территории, который сконструирован на основе анализа «внутрен-них» сил региональной идентичности, а не навязан политической конъюнктурой ; The article is devoted to identifying the specifics of the regional community on the example of the Ivanovo region in the study of the political and symbolic practices of the population related to the construction of a positive image of the territory. Separately, the author examines aspects of increasing tourist appeal in the context of the formation of a positive image of the region. Chronological scope of the study is 2005-2015 years. Since 2006, the Ivanovo region begins to position itself as an area for investment. Cultural background is being gradually created. So, in the region appeared event activity in the form of the International Film Festival named after Andrei Tarkovsky's «Mirror», the Russian Fashion Festival «Ples on the Volga. Flax Palette» and others. Points of growth of the tourist attraction gradually emerged. Such centers became the city of Palekh and Ples. However, all policy carried out by the authorities for creating a positive image of the region was doomed to failure because it does not take into account the peculiarities of the regional identity of the inhabitants of the Ivanovo region. Attempts to create event-activity, designing new meanings of the area led in the region, on the one hand, to short marketing effect and on the other hand, the rejection of these ideas by the community. Search of indigenous meanings of regional identity, their analysis, as well as building a competent policy of creation of positive image of the territory that is the task that must be a priority in the activities of local authorities. However, for various reasons this system work in the Ivanovo region has not been accomplished and is not carried out. The author concludes that effective and sustainable can be only one image of the territory, which was constructed on the basis of the analysis of the power of the «internal» forces of regional identity, and wasn't imposed by political expediency.
Yeni medyanın yükselişinden global ölçekte hakimiyet kazanan sosyal ağlara kadar dijital teknolojinin birleştirici etkisi insanların iletişim kurma biçimlerini değiştirmiştir. Yeni teknolojiler ve dünyanın değişen kimyası iletişim literatürüne sanal gerçeklik, artırılmış gerçeklik, türetici (prosumer), kullanıcı (user) vb. gibi bugüne kadar hiç duyulmamış yeni terimleri kazandırırken; gerek kişiler, gerek medya, gerekse kurumsal iletişim mekanizmaları bu hızlı döngüdeki yenilikleri hem takip etme hem de kendi işleyiş yapılarına uygulamada çağa ayak uydurmak durumunda kalmıştır. Mesajın oluşturulması aşamasındaki kontrolün editoryal yapı ya da reklamveren cephesinden "bireylere" geçmesi ise, geçmişin pasif ve süreçte söz sahibi olmayan kitlelerine bireysel temelde önemli bir güç kazandırmış ve onları "Yeni dünyanın cesur kahramanlarına" dönüştürmüştür. Bu mevcut durum aslında 4-5 Mayıs tarihlerinde İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklamcılık bölümü tarafından organize edilen 1. Uluslararası İletişim'de Yeni Yönelimler Konferansı'nın çıkış noktası olmuştur. Konferansta sunulan uluslararası hakem ve bilim kurulu üyeleri tarafından kabul edilerek seçilen bildirilerden oluşan bu bilimsel kitap, dijital çağın beraberinde getirdiği "Yeni" Gelişmeler "Yeni dijital kültür", "Dijital Çağın Yeni Pazarlama Trendleri", "Dijital Çağ ve Yeni Reklamcılık", "Kurumsal İletişim ve Halkla İlişkiler Çalışmalarında Yeni Yönelimler", "Siyasal İletişimde Dijitalleşme", "Sosyal Medya ve Yeni Haber Algısı", "Görüntünün Dijitalleşmesi" ve son "Yeni İletişimde Yeni Fırsatlar, Yeni Sınırlar" ana başlıkları çerçevesinde konunun uzmanı akademisyenler ve lisansüstü öğrencileri tarafından yapılan gerek nitel gerekse de nicel araştırmalar ve kuramsal analizlerle değerlendirilmiş; bugünün iletişim dünyasındaki yönelimleri zengin bir bilimsel temelde ortaya koyması adına alana önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır. Bu uluslararası konferansın gerçekleşmesinde emeği geçen ve desteklerini bizden esirgemeyen konferans hakem kurulu, bilim kurulu ve düzenleme kurulunda yer alan değerli hocalarıma, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Rektörümüz Prof.Dr.Nazım Ekren ve üst yönetime, üniversitemiz Genel Sekreteri Prof.Dr. Murat Kasımoğlu, Genel Sekreter Yardımcıları sayın Adnan Eceviş ve sayın Yusuf Ünal'a; İletişim Fakültesi dekanımız Prof.Dr.Mim Kemal Öke'ye, İletişim Fakültesi İdari Ofis Müdürümüz sayın Mine Tan Şehitoğlu'na; ilgili kitabımızın yayın sponsoru olarak katkılarıyla bizi mutlu eden Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık ve nezdinde sayın Nevzat Argun'a, dijital medya sponsorumuz DijitalAjanslar.com'a ; değerli çalışmaları ile aramızda olan tüm hocalarımıza ve konferans organizasyonunda yer alan sevgili bölüm öğrencilerimize; konferans organizasyonun gerek çevrimiçi, gerekse çevrımdışı tüm sürecinde hiçbir desteğini esirgemeyen ve bu sürecin somut çıktılarının sağlanmasında emeği göz ardı edilemeyen değerli bölüm hocamız Öğr.Gör.İhsan Eken'e sonsuz teşekkürler. Sonraki yıllarda yapılacak konferans serimizin ilkini oluşturan 1. Uluslararası İletişimde Yeni Yönelimler Konferansı'nın alana ilgi duyan, bu yeni dünyayı merakla takip eden ve gönül veren tüm çevrelere yepyeni bir bakış açısı sunması dileklerimle… Dijitalin yeni dünyasına hoşgeldiniz! ; TABLE OF CONTENT / İÇİNDEKİLER NEW DIGITAL CULTURE - YENİ DİJİTAL KÜLTÜR "Examination of the Level of Dependency on Social Media College Students: A Study on Students of Istanbul Kültür University" Res. Assist. Merve Çelik 1 "Socail Media, Fashion and Design" Sema Hatun Türker 11 "The Effects of New Communication Technologies to The Social Life: Internet Marriage Sites" Tarkan Kılıç and Gülhan Gündoğdu 17 "Social Media and Its Impact on Intercultural Communication" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noureddine Mouhadjer 29 "The Relation between Social Media Usage and Life Satisfaction: A Survey on University Students" Prof. Dr. Şükrü Balcı and Lec. Mevlüt Can Koçak 34 "Interpersonal Relationships of Celebrities in Social Media: A Content Analysis of Famous Turkish TV Series Actors' and Actresses' Instagram and Twitter Messages" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hilal Özdemir Çakır 46 "New Media Trends Fashion and Beauty Video Vlogs in YouTube" Nesibe Yaraş 54 "Fame, Power, Identity: The Fame Culture in The Context of Social Values And Plausible Identity in Turkey" Res. Assist. Sena Aydın 64 NEW MARKETING TRENDS OF DIGITAL AGE DİJİTAL ÇAĞIN YENİ PAZARLAMA TRENDLERİ "Retail Technology: A Challenge on Shopper Oriented Perception" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Figen Yıldırım and Prof. Dr. Özgür Çengel 72 "Deep Metaphors of Social Media Consumers: A Zmet Study on Social Media" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Onursoy 79 "Communications Strategy of Turkish Cittaslow Cities" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şule Yüksel Özmen, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Haluk Birsen and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özgül Birsen 91 "Analysing the Mobile-Tech Based Transformation of Youth's Leisure Time Activities According to the MTUAS Scale" Res. Assist. Ayşegül Karagülle Çaycı, Res. Assist. Berk Çaycı and Lec. İhsan Eken 101 "Real-Time Marketing as A New Approach to Marketing Communication: A Review on The Shares of Brands in Social Media" Res. Assist. Selçuk Bazarcı and Begüm Mutlu 116 1st International Conference on New Trends in Communication 1. Uluslararası İletişimde Yeni Yönelimler Konferansı "The Impact of Wearable Technology on Fashion Industry" Assoc. Prof. Dr.Gözde Öymen 131 "Rereading Cittaslow Studies in Turkey" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özgül Birsen, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Haluk Birsen, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şule Yüksel Özmen and Res. Assist. Onur Oğur 139 "Internet Speed, Consumer Culture and the Necessities: Effects of Transition to 4.5 G Infrastructure in the Concept of Consumption" Assist. Prof. Dr. Can Diker 149 "A Research towards Measuring the Effect of Interactive Communication in Social Networks on Brand Loyalty"-- Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat Koçyiğit and Dr. Ersin Diker 157 "Digital Game Development in Turkey; Current Situation and Problems" Assist. Prof. Dr. Burak Yenituna 168 "A Review on the Use of Corporate Web Sites by Slow Cities: Comparison of Web Site Main Pages of Cittaslow Turkish Municipalities" Res. Assist. Tülay Yazıcı and Res. Assist. Deniz Keba Ekinci 179 "Airport Marketing: An Airport Marketing Analysis on Istanbul New Airport (IGA) Brand Identity" Lec. Selen Butgel Tunalı 194 "The Impact of Using Social Media in the Health Promotion: Turkish Health Ministry's Use of Social Media" Gülhan Gündoğdu and Tarkan Kılıç 206 DIGITAL AGE AND NEW ADVERTISING - DİJİTAL ÇAĞ VE YENİ REKLAMCILIK "Defining Search Engine Advertising Metrics According to AIDA Advertising Model" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emel Poyraz and Naim Çetintürk 219 "An Assessment on Social Networks and Online Advertisement" Dr. Alev Aslan 230 "A Rising Trend in Digital Advertising: Micro-Video Ads" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gülay Öztürk 236 "Culture, New Consumer Capitalism And Advertising Narrative in The Digital Age", Assist. Prof. Dr. M.Nur Erdem 247 "Structural Transformation of Advertising Narration in Turkey at Digital Era" Assist. Prof. Dr. Recep Yılmaz 260-- "The Role of Facebook Advertising on the Intention Of Consumer's Purchases: An Investigation on Purchase Behaviours of University Students" Dr. Ersin Diker and Assist. Prof. Dr. Zekiye Tamer Gencer 268 "A New Kind of "Advertainment"": Webisodes" Duygu Yıldırım 280 1st International Conference on New Trends in Communication 1. Uluslararası İletişimde Yeni Yönelimler Konferansı "The Construction of Orientalist and Otherization Discourse in Cumhuriyet Daily Newspaper Advertisements" Fatma Şişli 286 "Happy in Their Own World" Zeynep Betül Kavak 295 "Goodvertising: A New Perspective in the Philosophy of Advertising" Dr. Alparslan Nas 302 NEW TRENDS IN CORPORATE COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS STUDIES - KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM VE HALKLA İLİŞKİLER ÇALIŞMALARINDA YENİ YÖNELİMLER "New Generation Opinion Leaders in Public Relations: A Research on Snapchat" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Banu Karsak and Assist. Prof. Dr. Gaye Aslı Sancar 315 "Logo Meaning and Logo Likability Relationship: A Research on Istanbul Grand Airport (IGA) Logo Design" Lec. Selen Butgel Tunalı 324 "Crisis Communication in Social Media: The Case Study of Turkcell" Lec. Beyza Nur Kalaycı 331 "The Role of New Media in Social Movements Within the Frame of Corporate Social Responsibility: Adım Adım Formation" Dr. Gözde Sunal and Cansu Sunal 342 "Creating the Manager of Emotional Intelligence in the Digital Age" Arzu Kara 355 DIGITALIZATION IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION SİYASAL İLETİŞİMDE DİJİTALLEŞME "The Role of Instagram in Digital Diplomacy: The Case Study of "Come See Turkey" Assist. Prof. Dr. Gaye Aslı Sancar 371 "Communication Tecnologies, Political Communication And Public Sphere" Assist. Prof. Dr. Süleyman Güven 381 "Consistency of Public Opinion Polls In Turkey" Res. Assist. Oğuz Göksu 389 SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE PERCEPTION OF NEW NEWS SOSYAL MEDYA VE YENİ HABER ALGISI "User Perception of News Credibility in Social Media" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Kılıç and Assoc. Prof. Dr. N. Bilge İspir 402 "Social Media and Journalism: An Assessment of Turkish Experience" Dr. Zafer Kıyan and Prof. Dr. Nurcan Törenli 410 "Comparison of Columnists' Twitter Agenda on Turkey June 7TH November 1ST 1st International Conference on New Trends in Communication 1. Uluslararası İletişimde Yeni Yönelimler Konferansı General Election" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bilge İspir and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Kılıç 413 "How Do the Television News Use Social Media?" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Funda Erzurum 420 "New Media, New Television: Is this New Era an End to Collective Viewing Dream?" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Oya Şakı Aydın 430 "Whose Are Social Media Accounts: Keeping Social Media Accounts of Journalists Under Surveillance Assist. Prof. Dr. Nihal Kocabay Şener 438 "The Battle of Internet Journalism with Traditional Newspapers: Did Internet Journalism Finish Traditional Journalism? An Update on Opinion of University Students about Internet Journalism" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mihalis Kuyucu 448 "New Arenas and Approaches in Agenda Setting" Res. Assist. Mehmet Gülnar 469 "New Media and Changing Discourse on News: Example of Hurriyet Daily and Its Online Site" Mert Civeleker 478 "Citizen Journalism Under the State of Emergency vs Anti-Terrorism Nexus in Ethiopia: Courses and Prospects" Yirgalem Abebe Haile 491 "Violence Society in the Social Media: Comments for "Reina Attack" in Instagram" Gizem Güler 501 DIGITALIZATION OF IMAGE - GÖRÜNTÜNÜN DİJİTALLEŞMESİ "New Narrative Forms in Documentary Films in Digital Media" Prof. Dr. Huriye Kuruoğlu and Elçin Akçora 510 "Reading Early Film History in the Digital Era" Assoc. Prof. Dr. Âlâ Sivas Gülçur 523 NEW OPPORTUNITIES, NEW BOUNDARIES IN NEW COMMUNICATION YENİ İLETİŞİMDE YENİ FIRSATLAR , YENİ SINIRLAR "Discussing the "Freedoms" about New Media in the TRNC within the Frameworks of "Legal" and "Ethical" Boundaries" Lec. Ayhan Dolunay and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fevzi Kasap 533 "Social Media and New Technology Education Access for New Generations" Zeynep Mine Alptekin 546 "The Growing Inequalities Produced by Recognitional Communications in the Digital Age" Lec. Dr. Lukasz Swiatek 555 ; 1. bs.
General ideas. Keepers of time and guardians of space--some basic concepts of astronomy and power / Michael A. Rappenglück -- The social life of celestial bodies: the sky in cultural perspective / Stanislaw Iwaniszewski -- Astral high-fashion clothing: relations between costumes and astronomy / Michael A. Rappenglück -- Neolithic cultures. Astronomy, landscape and power in eastern Anatolia / Juan Antonio Belmonte and A. César González García -- Prehistoric sanctuaries in Daunia / Elio Antonello, Vito F. Polcaro, Anna M. Tunzi and Mariangela Lo Zupone -- Archaeoastronomical world from Romania / Iharka Szücs-Csillik, Alexandra Comṣa and Zoia Maxim -- Megalithic cultures. Equinoctial full moon models and non-gaussianity: Portuguese dolmens as a test case / Fabio Silva -- Kreisgrabenanlagen: expressions of power linked to the sky / Georg Zotti and Wolfgang Neubauer -- Re-structuring the world of Scottish megalithic sites and animating astronomical phenomena through 3D computerisation / David Fisher -- Recumbent stone circles: theory overview based on fieldwork conducted at three sites / Liz Henty -- Power of calendar and clocks. Calendars as symbols of power / Sonja Draxler and Max E. Lippitsch -- Astronomical clocks-representations of power / Gudrun Wolfschmidt -- Chalcolithic/Bronze Age/Iron Age cultures. Luni-solar symbolism in an artefact from Bulgaria / Vesselina Koleva -- Astronomy, religion and the structure of society in prehistoric Finland / Marianna Ridderstad -- Astronomy and the power: the singular building of Turó del Calvari (Vilalba del arcs, Tarragona) / Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez, DAvid Bea Castaño, Jordi Diloli Fons and Samuel Sardà Seuma -- Precise astronomical measurements of ancient Dacian sites within the Pythagorean mega-triangle Sarmizegetusa-Regia-Retezat-Parâng / Frank Kerek and Florin Stanescu -- Orientation in the landscape of open air rock art in the mountains between the Alva and Ceira Rivers: the Podomorph carvings / Fernando Pimenta, Nuno Ribeiro, Andrew Smith and Luís Tirapicos -- Total solar eclipses close to the Pleiades on the Nebra disk and Swedish rock-carvings / Göran Henriksson -- Archaeoastronomical analysis of the Karataevo Fortress Sanctuary on the northern Black Sea coast / Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya -- Egypt, Minoan culture. Stellar and solar components in ancient Egyptian mythology and royal ideology / Rolf Krauss -- The elite at Knossos as custodians of the calendar / Göran Henriksson and Mary Blomberg -- Prince P.A. Putyatin was the forerunner of Russian astronomy / N. Dmitrieva -- Cultures in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. The celestial engine at the heart of traditional Hawaiian culture / W. Bruce Masse -- Cosmic power: themes of astronomy and power within the film Cosmic Africa / Jarita C. Holbrook -- The concept of power and cosmology: manipulation of cosmology by spiritualists or native doctors (Dibia), a case study of the Igbo Society of Nigeria / Barth Chukwuezi -- Some aspects of European moon mythology / Mare Kõiva and Andres Kuperjanov -- Stars of power--astronomical objects in ancient princely insignia / Max E. Lippitsch and Sonja Draxler -- Cultures of North America, Mesoamerica and South America. Astronomy and power in Mesoamerica / Ivan Šprajc -- Possible Mesoamerican naked-eye observation of sunspots - I: evidence from the Tikal ball court marker / Richard R. Zito -- Calendric-astronomical orientation as an expression of power in Mesoamerica / Jesús Galindo Trejo -- Possible Mesoamerican naked-eye observation of Sunspots - II: evidence from the codices / Richard R. Zito -- Power, danger and liminality: moon, stars and women among the Toba of Western Formosa (Gran Chaco, Argentina) / Cecilia Paula Gómez -- A topoogy of power: sky and social space in the Argentinean Chaco / Alejandro Martín López -- Antiquity. Among the circles: a geometical analysis of the Teatro Marittimo in Villa Adriana / Marzia Monaco, Silvia Gaudenzi and Marcello Ranieri -- Medieval time in orient and occident. Astronomy and the state: time, space and power in the foundation of Baghdad / Nicholas Campion -- Astronomy and politics: three case studies on the service of astrology to society / S. Mohammad Mozaffari -- The Dustūr al-munajjimīn or does a sovereign need astronomy to structure his reign? / Petra G. Schmidl -- The orientation of pre-romanesque churches in Spain: Asturias, a case of power re-affirmation / A. César González García, Juan Antonio Belmonte and Lourdes Costa Ferrer -- Astronomical heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina: late medieval tombstones and astral motifs / Zalkida Hadžibegović -- The star of Magi: transient astronomical events as sources of inspiration in late Medieval art / M. Incerti, F. Bònoli and V.F. Polcaro -- A social history of medieval astronomy / A. Martocchia and V.F. Polcaro -- Astronomy and politics in the modern age. Astronomy and politicians / Magda Stavinschi and Cătălin Mosoia -- Comets in political caricatures: examples from the 18th to 21st century / Barbara Rappenglück
Alfred Mahlau (1894-1967) - Maler, Grafiker und Dozent Der erfolgreiche Künstler und Dozent Alfred Mahlau zeichnete sich durch seine Vielfalt in der Freien und Angewandten Kunst und seine langjährige Lehrtätigkeit an der Hamburger Hochschule für Bildende Künste aus. Er wurde am 21.6.1894 in Berlin geboren und beendete im Jahre 1919 seine Ausbildung als Zeichenlehrer für Höhere Schulen. Als ein historischer Zeitzeuge erlebte Alfred Mahlau das wechselhafte 20.Jahrhundert mit dem Ende der Kaiserzeit, den beiden Weltkriegen, als russischer Kriegsgefangener und den Nachkriegsjahren in Hamburg. Die Gründungsjahre der Bundesrepublik Deutschland erfuhr er als Dozent an der Hamburger Landeskunstschule. Seine traumatischen Kriegserlebnisse verdrängte er und zählte damit zur sogenannten "schweigsamen Generation". Bereits im Jahre 1919 arbeitete Alfred Mahlau als "Freier Künstler". Ein Plakatentwurf für die "Nordische Woche" im Jahre 1921 offenbarte seine Begabung in der Angewandten Kunst. Zunächst noch widerstrebend, nahm er sein grafisches Talent an und gestaltete als Gebrauchsgrafiker in den folgenden Jahrzehnten ästhetische, werbewirksame Entwürfe auf den unterschiedlichsten Gegenständen und Materialien. Seine Erfolge als Werbegrafiker, Textil-, Produkt- und Industriedesigner, dehnte er auf die Innenarchitektur und die Bühnenbildnerei aus. Zahlreiche zeitlose "corporate designs" für Unternehmen - unter anderem für die Schwartauer Marmeladenfabrik oder JGN-Niederegger ab 1924 - zeugen bis heute von seiner Arbeit. Der Künstler war ein Pionier, der seit den 20er Jahren die Ideale des Deutschen Werkbundes in seiner angewandten Kunst aufnahm und die neuentdeckten technischen Möglichkeiten in vielfältiger Weise - sogar für den Film - nutzbringend einsetzte. Alfred Mahlaus Freie Kunst zeichnete sich durch kleinformatige, realistisch-idealisierten Reise- und Landschaftsdarstellungen seiner "Weiten Welt" und detailreichen Stillleben seiner "Nahen Welt" aus. Als Wander- und Reisemaler entwickelte er schon in den 20er Jahren seine Technik der lavierten Federzeichnung. Mit seinen Motiven strebte eine intuitive, "in situ" festgehaltene Momentaufnahme seiner aquarellierten Szenen an; die Linie dienten ihm als strukturierendes Element. Bis an sein Lebensende hielt der Sezessionist kompromisslos an dieser Technik fest, die er für "bewährt" und zeitlos erachtete. Er strebte eine ästhetische Perfektionierung seines Zeichenstils an. Ungeachtet seiner Erfolge blieben dem bescheidenen, zurückhaltenden Künstler avantgardistische Charakterzüge und eine Kunst als Selbstzweck fremd. Von dem Einfluss moderner Kunstrichtungen, dem wechselhaften eigenen Schicksal und dem seiner Epoche, hielt der Künstler sich möglichst fern. Es ist kein Zufall, dass sich Alfred Mahlaus romantisch-idealisierten Landschaftszeichnungen und seine neosachliche Gebrauchsgrafik in das Ideal der "Neue Deutsche Kunst" einfügten. In 624 der NS-Epoche wurde er in die "Gottbegnadetenliste" aufgenommen und vom Kriegesdienst befreit. In dieser Zeit schwankte der Künstler beständig zwischen den Ängsten um seine Familie - einer halbjüdischen Frau und einer behinderten Tochter - und seinem beruflichen Ehrgeiz. Während der letzten Kriegsmonate 1944/1945 erhielt er die Erlaubnis die zerstörte Hauptstadt Berlin "in situ" zu zeichnen. Mit diesen Zeitdokumenten bewies er sein Talent als ein historischer Chronist, die Ruinenzeichnungen sind jedoch verschollen. In den Nachkriegsjahren gelang es Alfred Mahlau mit seinem realistischen Zeichenstil nicht, an die zeitgenössischen Strömungen in der Malerei anzuknüpfen. Seine Arbeiten wurden zu "Nebenpfaden", sie wirkten altmeisterlich und antimodern. Erst mit zeitlicher Distanz wird sich zeigen, inwieweit seine Arbeiten dieser Zeitströmungen innerhalb in die Kunstgeschichte eingeordnet werden können. Eine Revision der Auffassung in der Malerei kann nur von zukünftigen Generationen erfolgen. Alfred Mahlaus übernahm nach seiner Rückkehr aus der Kriegsgefangenschaft im Jahre 1946 als Dozent die Leitung einer Freien Grafikklasse an der Hamburger Landeskunstschule. Hier gelang es ihm seine pädagogische Begabung mit seiner Freien und Angewandten Kunst zu verknüpfen. Sein praxisnaher Unterricht ebnete mittels Naturstudien und öffentlichen Aufträgen einer ganzen Generation junger Künstler den Weg in die gebrauchsgraphische Arbeitswelt. Im Jahre 1955 wurde Alfred Mahlau zum Professor ernannt, zeitweise leitete er die Hochschule für Bildende Künste kommissarisch. Als ein unvergessenes Vorbild vermittelte er mit seiner Ästhetik und Disziplin den nachfolgenden Künstlergenerationen wertvolle Impulse, die bis heute nachwirken: Die schwächsten Schüler sammelten Erfahrungen für einen mehr praktisch orientierten künstlerischen Beruf, den Begabtesten bot sein Unterricht ein Fundament für die eigene künstlerische Entwicklung auf dem Weg in das Freie Künstlertum. Zahlreiche Schüler führten sein Werk fort, sie wurden Lehrer oder Dozenten, andere beschritten eigene künstlerische Wege, darunter Horst Janssen, Vicco von Bülow, Peter Neugebauer, Heino Jäger, Ekkehard Thieme und andere. Im Jahre 1959 beendete Alfred Mahlau seine Tätigkeit an der Hamburger Hochschule für Bildende Künste. Geprägt durch eine schwere Krankheit litt er unter seiner schwindenden Schaffenkraft. Er verstarb am 22. Januar 1967. Seither würdigten eine Vielzahl von Retrospektiven, Einzel- und Gemeinschaftsausstellungen - mit oder ohne seine ehemaligen Schüler - Alfred Mahlaus Werke. Die Faszination für Alfred Mahlaus ästhetisch-zeitlose Kunst dauert bis heute an. ; Alfred Mahlau (1894-1967) - Painter, graphic-designer and teacher Alfred Mahlau was a creative, multi-talented and generally gifted artist, who is still underestimated in the art-history of the 20th. Century. Born in Berlin in June 1894, he survived both World War 1. and World War 2. as a veteran. He never talked about his experiences and belongs to the so called "silent generation." As a quiet, sensitive and decent person without narcissistic traits, he prefered to offer his talents towards a common interest. As a realistic, accomplished painter, creative graphic designer and disciplined teacher, he inspired many generations of artists. Alfred Mahlau was a passionate freelance artist, a popular arts-and-crafts designer, and a teacher and a writer as well who managed to combine a variety of creative techniques and styles in his work. His talent as a graphic-designer was discovered after he won a poster-competition for the "Nordische Woche" in Lübeck 1921. In the following years he developed popular advertisements, posters and illustrations, worked as a set- and interior-designer, painted murals and walls, worked as a textile-designer, a product- and industrial designer and in other artistic fields. Alfred Mahlau's talent in decorating all kinds of objects and materials distinguished him as an extraordinary graphic-designer. Furthermore he was one of the first graphic-designers to develop an integrated "corporate-design" for different companies, especially local firms around Lübeck and Hamburg. Early in the 20th Century he created the "corporate identities" for "JGN-Niederegger" or the "Schwartauer Werke" in Lübeck, which have been popular ever since. He was also a pioneer where the century's technical advancements were concerned, and managed to express and realize his creative ideas in many different shapes and forms, including in movies. Among his sublime paintings you'll find many neo-romantic, ideal landscapes and sensitive still-lifes. As a travelling artist he developed his own characteristic style of coloured penand- ink drawings. He focused on representational drawings with structured lines to control and focus his work. After he established his very own way of working he never changed his style again, no matter the contemporary art-styles, his personal faith or political events. He was passionate to make every drawing a perfect masterpiece. During World War 2. his art was very famous, his neo-romantic paintings and objective graphic-designs were in tune with the "New German Art" style. He became a member of the "Gottbegnadeten-list". In his personal life he was caught between the fear about his family - a partly Jewish wife and a mental-handicapped daughter - and his artistic success. Nonetheless he managed to draw a series of the ruins in Berlin 1944/45 as a very objective, dispassionate historical source. In a world focused on abstract modern art, his traditional style was soon out of fashion. His resolution and commitment to his own ways could be 626 seen as his personal manifest against the fast changing fashions in art. Therefore only future generations may find a place for Alfred Mahlau's paintings in art history. After the second World War he went on to become head of a graphic-design class at the reopened "Hamburger Landeskunstschule". In the following years he was a well established lecturer - since 1955 he held the title of professor - who was constantly supportive of his students and the demands of the school. He combined didactics with his experiences from his painting and his arts-and-craft work. His teachings on nature-studies and practical commissions from companies or private customers enabled his students to get some realistic experiences in the field of graphic-design. As an outstanding example he used his discipline and reliability to support the students to find jobs as graphic-designers, while enabling the most talented artists in his class to develop their own style. A lot of his students went on to become lecturers themselves, and his class produced some extraordinary talents including Horst Janssen, Vicco von Bülow, Peter Neugebauer, Heino Jäger and many others. After 13 years of teaching he left the "Hamburger Hochschule für Bildende Künste" and retired. He died after a long period of illness in January 1967 in Hamburg. Since then, different smaller or extensive retrospective exhibitions, with or without his former students, have been on display. The fascination with Alfred Mahlau's timeless work still remains to this day.
Author's introductionThe process of globalization can be defined in neutral terms as the increasing cross‐border flows of goods (e.g., coca‐cola, cocaine), services (e.g., McDonalds, prostitution), money (e.g. family cash, corporate banking), people (e.g., migration, vacation), information (e.g., internet, movies), and culture (e.g., fashion, religion), resulting in greater economic and political interdependence. Defined in this way, globalization appears rather benign – even positive. But in truth, the 'interdependence' that is being created is not one of equality or hope for most people in the world. Multinational corporations are certainly benefiting from globalization, but ordinary workers are not. In this article, I explore the way in which globalization is altering social identities in ways that are both exploitive and liberating.Author recommendsJoseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents (New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 2002).This is an important and influential critique of globalization written by a Nobel Prize winning economist. During his career as an academic, Stiglitz was a strong advocate of economic globalization, but after serving as a White House advisor and Chief economist at the World Bank, his opinion changed. He wrote this book in an attempt to publicize the devastating effect of globalization on developing countries. Written for a general audience, Stiglitz explains how globalization managed from the top down must be radically revised before the poor will benefit from global economic policies.Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild, Eds, Global Women: Nannies. Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2002).This research anthology offers extensive documentation of the real world impact of economic globalization on women and their families. Fifteen chapters cover a range of penetrating investigations of women from across the globe who migrate, suffer and sometimes surrender in their quest for economic security. A common theme is the immense sacrifice made by mothers and children who are struggling to carve out a life amidst the powerful forces of a new global economy. The studies provide heart‐wrenching evidence that economic policies managed from the top, serve to exploit the poor, alter women's lives, and change the meaning of family.Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Globalization and Culture: Global Mélange (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004).The potential impact of globalization on world cultures is explored in this brief but highly instructive book. Jan Nervenn Pieterse offers an accurate summary of competing theories of cultural globalization and artfully guides the reader through important intellectual debates. Does globalization lead to greater cultural integration? Are unique cultural identities and practices dissolving under the pressure of globalization? Is the world becoming uniform, standardized, and homogenized? There are no certain answers to these questions, but the author argues forcefully that globalization is leading to hybrid cultures with greater diversification and cultural mixing – a global mélange.Jeremy Brecher, Tim Costello and Brendan Smith, Globalization from Below: The Power of Solidarity (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2000).The worldwide movement of resistance to top‐down globalization is reviewed, defended and advocated in this powerful little book. This inspirational volume is much more than an academic analysis of the anti‐globalization movement; it is an answer to all those who ask, 'What can be done?' The historical power of social movements is a guiding theme from start to finish. Chapters examine a global program for change, practical policy initiatives, and opportunities for participating in grassroots democracy. This is an outline for hope and a pragmatic strategy for how globalization can be altered from the bottom‐up.Hubert J. M. Hermans and Giancarlo Dimaggio, 'Self, Identity, and Globalization in Times of Uncertainty: A Dialogical Analysis', Review of General Psychology, 11(2007), 31–61.This is an excellent review article that examines the psychological consequences of globalization. According to the authors, the social, cultural and economic changes associated with globalization have disrupted traditional life patterns and have called in to question normative expectations. As a consequence, many individuals are left with a powerful sense of psychological uncertainty that motivates individuals and groups to find local niches to construct a stable identity. The organizing argument is that the processes of globalization and localization (globalization's counterforce) require a conceptualization of self and identity in which global and local voices are involved in continuous interchanges and negotiations.Jan E. Stets and Peter J. Burke, 'A Sociological Approach to Self and Identity'. In: Mark Leary and June Tangney (Eds), Handbook of Self and Identity (Guilford Press), 128–152.In this review article, the authors present a nice summary of a particular sociological view of self and identity. George Herbert Mead influences their approach, which falls within the theoretical tradition known as 'structural symbolic interactionism'. A key insight is that our conceptions of self are organized by larger social structures, while at the same time, social structures emerge from individual actions. The review includes an examination of different types of identities, the influence of social roles, and the impact of emotions.Online materialsGeorge Herbert Mead http://www.iep.utm.edu/m/mead.htm Mead is one of the most influential theorists of the self. His life and work are reviewed in detail at this site.Global Capitalism: The World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/ The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the most powerful economic institutions in modern history. It is the organization through which top‐down, capitalists, and powerful nation states implement global economic policy. At this site, the WTO defends its goals and explains its operations and strategies.Fundamentalist Responses to Globalization http://www.jihadunspun.com/index.php This controversial web site represents the political and cultural interests of some Islamic fundamentalists. A significant portion of the site is devoted to news stories from the Middle East where Islamist groups are engaged in political and military battles with competing political parties and nation states. This particular web site illustrates both a fundamentalist response to globalization and the global communication tools employed by some fundamentalist groups.Democratic Responses to Globalization http://www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/index.php?cd_language=2&id_menu= The World Social Forum is an excellent example of how democratic resistance to top‐down globalization is global in scope. At this site, one can see evidence of bottom‐up, grassroots organizing. Learn how social movements, NGOs, and other civil society organizations come together to debate ideas and formulate proposals for ending top‐down globalization. http://www.globalexchange.org/index.html Global Exchange is another organization committed to resisting the destructive effects of globalization. This site provides a bottom‐up perspective on international trade and a wide range of resources for democratic activists. Video links also offer illustrations of some recent protest actions. http://www.topics‐mag.com/globalization/page‐resist.htm This simple but instructive site gives a basic introduction to globalization and provides several examples of local people from across the globe who are working to resist the homogenizing and harmful effects of capitalist globalization. Examples include campaigns to protect regional cuisines in Korea, France, and Brazil by protesting fast food chains and advocating for a 'slow food' movement.Sample syllabus Globalization from Above and Below Week 1: The Sociology of Globalization Anthony Giddens, Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives (New York, NY: Routledge, 2003). Weeks 2–6: Globalization from Above Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents (New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 2002).Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise and Fall of Disaster Capitalism (New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2007).Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild, Eds., Global Women: Nannies. Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2002).Video: China Blue (Teddy Bear Films, 2006).This breathtaking documentary of life in a Chinese sweatshop is an excellent illustration of how globalization from above connects and exploits workers from across the globe (88 minutes). Weeks 7–10: Globalization and Culture John Tomlinson, Globalization and Culture (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1999).Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Globalization and Culture: Global Mélange (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004).George Ritzer, The Globalization of Nothing (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2004).Video: Wal‐Mart: The High Cost of Low Price (Brave New Films, 2005).This is a penetrating documentary that exposes the dark side of Wal‐Mart's ruthless global expansion (95 minutes). Weeks 12–15: Globalization from Below Jereny Brecher, Tim Costello and Brendan Smith, Globalization from Below: The Power of Solidarity, (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2000).Leslie Sklair, 'Social Movements and Global Capitalism', Sociology, 29 (1995), 495–512.Walden Bello, Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy (London, UK: Zed Books, 2005)Video: This is What Democracy Looks Like (Big Noise Films, 2005).Here, we find remarkable documentary examination of the 'Battle in Seattle' when 50,000 activists from across the globe effectively shut down the ministerial meetings of the World Trade Organization in 1999 (72 minutes).Notes * Correspondence address: Peter L. Callero, Western Oregon University, 345 North Monmouth Avenue, Monmouth, OR 97361, USA. Email: callerp@wou.edu
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My wife and I enjoyed our regular "annual" summer Michigan trip June 18 to 26th. Annual is in quote marks in that first sentence because we didn't go in 2020 for obvious reasons. Last year, we got a good rate on a week-long Holland hotel rental and thus limited our range to nearby activities. Partly we did that because the Traverse City Film Festival was canceled last year as it was in 2020. The timing of the 2022 festival does not work for us, so we will not be attending again this summer. This year during the vacation, we dined with old KU friends in Grand Rapids on the first day, spent a couple of days checking out Grand Haven and Muskegon (their beaches and brew pubs), went up to Traverse City for two days (where we celebrated 31 years of marriage), stayed with a generous friend from Louisville in her family's recently acquired Leland cottage, drove down to Grand Rapids for my first trip to Founders Brewery (!), and then went to a high scoring minor league baseball game in South Bend on the way home that Sunday. Oh, we obviously stopped to dine at Shapiro's in Indianapolis, as we typically do. And bought some bagels and rye bread for home. We have a lot of Michigan traditions and I'm not going to use this post to mention them all. Some we could not do because of timing. For instance, the Filling Station brewpub and pizza place was closed on Tuesday-Wednesday, the days we were in Traverse City. Beyond the vacation update, this post is about Michigan beer. I drink Michigan beer exclusively when I'm there and I typically buy several multipacks of fresh canned beer to bring home to enjoy in the ensuing weeks. Sometimes I buy single cans or bottles, but those are harder to find these days. For the second year in a row, I picked up a copy of the Michigan Brewery Guide (see above) in a southwest brew pub -- and this year I got a second copy for my neighbor who also enjoys a good craft beer. Looking through the magazine this weekend got me thinking about my history of trips to Michigan breweries -- both this year and in the recent past. Thus, I'm going to use this post to summarize my recent and prior visits to Michigan brewpubs. This is one instance where Google Timeline information is actually helpful, though this information only goes back to mid-year 2013 when I must have authorized the tracking software. I'm not listing breweries where I didn't drink. We went into Ludington's Jamesport once, but could not get a table for dinner in a timely fashion, and we quickly left Grand Armory in Grand Haven on this trip because it didn't offer outdoor seating. Given that Michigan has nearly 400 breweries as of 2022, my personal list includes less than 5% of the total! I could move to Michigan and have a difficult time sampling all of them. 2022 (4 new; 18 total)Odd Side Ales, Grand HavenUnruly Brewing, MuskegonRare Bird Brewing, Traverse CityCherry Republic Brewing Company and Public House, Glen ArborFounders, Grand RapidsWe dined at all of those places, though at Odd Side we had to order takeout from a nearby restaurant. They don't have food. 2021 (2 new; 14 total)Big Lake Brewing, HollandGuardian Brewing, SaugatuckBrewery Vivant, Grand RapidsWe also dined at all of these.2019 (2 new; 12 total)New Holland Brewing, HollandBig Lake Brewing, HollandClam Lake Beer Company, Cadillac (2)Filling Station, Traverse CityWorkshop Brewing, Traverse CityMiddleCoast Brewing, Traverse City (was called Monkey Fist at the time)We did not dine at Big Lake or MiddleCoast, but both have food (I think).2018 (2 new; 10 total)Workshop Brewing, Traverse CityClam Lake Beer Company, CadillacFilling Station, Traverse CityWe dined at these.2017I was on antibiotics that trip and did not visit any brewpubs and avoided alcohol. 2016 (2 new; 8 total)Saugatuck Brewing, SaugatuckFilling Station, Traverse City2015 (2 new ones, 6 total)Short's Brewing, BellaireRare Bird, Traverse CityWe dined at these.Older trips: (at least 4 visited)New Holland Brewing, HollandMackinaw Brewing, Traverse CityNorth Peak, Traverse CityJolly Pumpkin, Traverse CityWe did not dine at Jolly Pumpkin, but they have food -- and various other locations across the state.* It is possible my memory has failed me in recalling other brewpubs visited before 2015 as we have been going to Michigan as a family since the 1990s when my children were quite young. Then again, we didn't really take the kids to brewpubs when they were young -- maybe restaurants that happened to brew some of their own beer. I've also tried a good deal of Michigan beer in restaurants and taprooms, but I'm not going to list all of those here. I would put in a good word for the 7 Monks in Traverse. Visit this blog's homepage.
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Neil Brownsword is an artist, researcher, and educator who holds professorial positions in ceramics at Staffordshire University and the University of Bergen. This essay is based on a lecture given on 5 December 2020 as part of the Centre's Public Lecture Course, Ceramics in Britain, 1750 to Now, which you can watch at: https://www.paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk/whats-on/forthcoming/obsolescence-and-renewal-reimagining-north-staffordshires-ceramic-heritage Obsolescence and Renewal The six towns that constitute Stoke-on-Trent have been famed for their industrial-scale pottery manufacture since the early eighteenth century. By the 1720s, growing consumer demand for finer ceramics led to skill specialisation, and the local population's integration into an economy led by the manufacture of pottery. Alongside pioneers of the industrial revolution such as Wedgwood and Spode, the Staffordshire potteries were driven by hundreds of smaller factories with more than 2,000 kilns firing millions of products a year. By 1938, half the workforce of Stoke-on-Trent worked in the 'Potteries', with employment peaking in 1948 at an estimated 79,000 people. During the last three decades, however, many North Staffordshire-based companies have struggled to compete in both domestic and export markets. In the 1990s, many factories were forced to outsource production to East Asia, where energy and direct labour costs were a fraction compared to those in North Staffordshire. This strategy, coupled with advances in production technology, has been significantly detrimental to traditional practices that once fashioned material objects in particular ways – many of which are now endangered as few apprenticeships exist to effectively transfer this knowledge. The displacement of much of Stoke-on-Trent's manufacturing capacity has accelerated regional decline, with cultural regeneration hailed by policymakers as a universal panacea to transform industrial ruin into aestheticised backdrops for artistic consumption. Yet within the regeneration agenda of place there is often an unseemly haste for local government and cultural organisations to circumvent the human fallout of industrial change, in favour of a more 'managed' account of the recent past. Thus, the psychological and emotional dimensions of industrial history – the first-hand recollections surrounding networks, social bonds, and pride forged by collective skill, can be all too easily side-lined. Since 2013, I have used my artistic profile to foreground the embodied knowledge of skilled personnel formerly employed in North Staffordshire's ceramic industry to challenge both this politicised amnesia, and charges of me being complicit in a 'retrospective idealisation' of the industrial past. Through collaborative performance, object installation, and filmed re-enactment, the work has sought to bring critical attention to people and traditional knowledge displaced by the effects of British economic policies that favour low regulation in global trade. I have staged site-specific performative interventions at numerous post-industrial spaces and high-profile cultural venues, to elucidate and rejuvenate skilled practices often considered outmoded or economically unviable for contemporary production. FACTORY, staged in 2017 at Icheon World Ceramic Center, South Korea, centred on six performances that addressed the cultural hierarchies and value systems of two distinct ceramic traditions. In Britain today, the regressive utopianism of John Ruskin and William Morris and Anglo-Oriental doctrines of the studio pottery movement continue to galvanise notions of spiritual and moral superiority associated with 'handcraft', and to relegate industrial know-how to a position of inferiority. Both Bernard Leach and Yanagi Soetsu, during a period of British and Japanese imperialist power in the early twentieth century, romantically venerated the 'humble beauty' of 'peasant' pottery from the Korean peninsula. As part of its processes of decolonisation at the end of World War II, South Korea adopted a nationalist discourse around its Joseon legacy, and subsequently introduced laws to protect its heritage and reinforce its cultural identity. At the forefront of UNESCO's 1993 campaign to preserve and promote "Living Human Treasures", South Korea now grants special status to individuals with exceptional cultural ability. In 2003, the UNESCO convention to safeguard 'intangible cultural heritage' further advocated support for the transmission of tacit knowledge, skills, and practices. A total of 178 countries have now ratified this convention, effectively making 'intangible heritage' part of their cultural policy – but unfortunately the UK is not one of them. In response to this, FACTORY collided the ceramic practices of two ex-industry personnel from Stoke-on-Trent – china flower-maker Rita Floyd and mould-maker James Adams – with the culturally revered dexterity of Korean master artisans. China flower-making remains one of the few methods of mass production that relies completely upon the dexterity of the hand. With changing fashion, this industry in Stoke-on-Trent has all but disappeared, with Rita Floyd being one of a handful of still-practising artisans who retain this knowledge. Floyd's performance provided an intimate space for audiences to witness her rhythmic intricacies of touch through predetermined patterns of repetition, efficiency, and uniformity. Yet to avoid staging a passive spectacle, typical of 'authorised heritage discourse', Floyd was instructed to continuously discard her manufacture onto a 6-metre production line built within the gallery. These symbolic gestures gave unprescribed form to each crafted component, with their distortion and random coalescence dictated by gravity and the material's plasticity. Floyd's intermittent performances and the linear deposits of waste that accumulated in the space were flanked by two film loops that meditated on industrial transition in Stoke-on-Trent. The films juxtaposed haptic knowledge, documented during the restructuring of the Wedgwood factory in 2004, against a 2016 survey of abandoned industrial sites reclaimed by the forces of nature. These intersecting modes of expression both signal the British government's disregard for intangible heritage and the human consequences of globalisation, and challenge notions that specialist knowledge becomes 'redundant' once the support networks of the factory cease to exist. Instead, they consider industrial heritage as a 'living process' and seek its rejuvenation and continuation for the future. Within the gallery space, production remnants salvaged from historic sites of ceramic manufacture were also stripped of their previously assigned use and presented inside vitrines. These artefacts had been marked by a particular point in time, as prior to the factories' closure they were deconstructed to deter their use in subsequent reproduction. To avoid their display becoming mere objectification, these items were performatively remoulded by Korean master Sinhyun Cho, and subsequently cast in porcelain and decorated by other master artisans – carver Yongjun Cho and painter Wonjeong Lee. Faced with these fragmentary reproductions of post-industrial discard, the artisans were given free rein to use traditional iconography, creating tension between culturally inherited notions of value and perfection. A further collaboration began with a series of partially formed moon jars, created by Living National Treasure Seo Kwang-su, who is renowned for continuing many archetypical forms of Korean ceramics. James Adams then took these casually assembled components into a less-revered craft – production mould-making – which was instrumental to ceramic manufacture in North Staffordshire, and paradoxically eradicated human touch through modes of standardisation. This use of human interaction lay counter to 'fixed in the past' demonstrations of skill and virtuosity, which heritage tourism deploys minus the complexities of social redundancy. FACTORY sought to counter such tropes, and practices of 'othering' more generally – whether experienced by marginalised groups in Britain or between British and South Korean artists – via collaborative modes of investigation that stimulated discourse, interactivity, and sensory understanding through the cultural exchange of tacit and explicit knowledge. Reactivating 'obsolescence' through non-commercial production created a space where people with marginalised immaterial heritage could speak for themselves and renegotiate their value, in a context where such embodiments of knowledge are culturally revered, renewed, and sustained for future generations.
The phenomenon of creativity of the artist Ludmila Semikina is a bright page in the artistic culture of Ukraine in the second half of XX – beginning of XXІ century. One of the most characteristic features of her art can be called a variety of areas of creative activities: painting, drawing, fashion design, working in film. The work of L. Semykina appear before modern art enthusiasts in a wide range of their species, stylistic. One of the necessary conditions to create a holistic picture of the creative ways the artist is the study of those relationships, which reflect the dynamic interaction of all components development of talаnt.Ludmila Semykina was born in Odessa – a city of distinct cultural traditions. Not far from the historic center childhood of the future artist. Her father was from intellectual families where all children received higher education. Her mother came from a pour, the family of fishermen. Memories of childhood open the most important page to understand the conditions under which formed the character of the future artist. Her mind from the outset provided a powerful spiritual impulse to self-search in her own way. L. Semykina was 9 years old when his father, realizing tyranny of Bolshevik government in 1933 took to the District Committee of the Bolshevik your ticket. The father was a drama of the whole family, especially his mother, who could not grasp the end of what was happening. The first step for a future profession to become L. Semykina art studio Palace of Pioneers, situated in a beautiful house in the historical and cultural center of the city – the palace of Prince Vorontsov.Two years before the Second World War, in 1939 L. Semykina entered the Odessa art school. After the war, continued education (years of training 1939-1941; 1944-1947). During stay in school she studied sculpture bases, engaged in ceramics, mastered the basics of painting. At that time in school taught by leading figures of the Odessa school of painting – L. Muchnyk, M. Zhuk, T. Frayerman, E. Bukovetsky.Importantly, E. Bukovetsky, K. Kostandi student, was one of the founders of the "Society of South artists". A brilliant painter, he after studying in Paris in the Academy R. Julien, and later – at the Academy of Art taught his students the basics of painting, focusing on European cultural tradition. Culture and respect for educators, the consistent and deep familiarity with the basics of the profession of painter, lectures on art history – all this precious treasure remained in the soul, and the nature of L. Semykina.Theophilus Frayerman included in the main body of the college professors, had a European art education. He was from the Munich School A. Ashbe, the Paris Academy of Arts. Since 1935 Frayerman became a professor of the Odessa Art College, where trains high-level artists, including Otroshchenko S., P. Sinhayivskyy, V. Stryelnikov and others. For beginners such as L. Semykina, it was extremely fruitful when formed creative personality of the future artist.In 1947 L. Semykina graduated from the Odessa Art College. At that time her palette called "pearl." The years of life spent in Odessa, remained as one of the most expensive memories. Later, when last year the institute will become a future artist before choosing thesis topic she chooses a theme related to the native city. From 1947 to 1953, the artist studied at the Kyiv Art Institute in the department of painting and drawing. She went to college as a formed painter, with his own understanding of color. With great difficulty she managed to get into the studio best colorist of the then faculty of Kyiv Art Institute A. Shovkunenko. This was the main motive for a young artist in choosing a teacher, because she so fervently sought to learn the secrets of skill. A role played in this choice is the fact that the Kyiv Institute of Art O. Shovkunenko taught at the Odessa Art School.During training Semykina L. was one of the best in the workshop A. Shovkunenko. In her work, especially portraits, staged felt his school portrait, a deep sense of colorful paintings foundations.Her students' work, such as "Portrait of old", "Portrait of Baroyantsa" (both 1953), suggest the technique brilliantly figure, a good sense of form, powerful rich palette that was "hallmark" L. Semykina throughout studies at the Kiev Art Institute.As already noted, L. Semykina graduated from university not only a professional painter, but also a man with a well-established social position. However dominant in the formation of the creative person was training at the Odessa Art School, and later – Alexei Alekseevich art school Shovkunenko also graduate schools. Art at each new stage of development is enriched with new values, but constant constant spiritual and creative forces of society can be considered a deep cultural tradition that is passed from teachers to pupils and descendants. ; Феномен творчества художницы Людмилы Семыкиной является яркой страницей художественной культуры Украины второй половины ХХ – начала ХХІ века. Одной из самих характерных черт ее искусства можно назвать многообразие направлений творческой деятельности: живопись, графика, дизайн одежды, работа в кино. Работы Л. Семыкиной предстают перед современными ценителями искусства в широком спектре своих видовых, стилистических и жанрових проявлений. Одним из необходимых условий создания целостной картины творческого пути художницы является исследование тех взаимосвязей, в которых отразилось динамичное взаимодействие всех составляющих становлення и развития таланта мастера. ; Феномен творчості художниці Людмили Семикіної є яскравою сторінкою художньої культури України другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття. Одна з найхарактерніших рис її мистецтва – це розмаїття напрямків творчості: живопис, графіка, дизайн одягу, робота в кіно. Художні твори Л. Семикіної представлені сучасним цінителям мистецтва в широкому розмаїтті своїх видових, стильових і жанрових проявів. Однією з необхідних умов створення цілісної картини творчого шляху художниці на сьогодні видається дослідження багатоманітних зв'язків, в яких відобразилася динамічна взаємодія всіх складових становлення і розвитку таланту майстрині.
In: Verbunt , P P C 2012 , ' Light management in luminescent solar concentrators : aligned organic dyes and organic wavelength selective reflectors ' , Doctor of Philosophy , Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Eindhoven . https://doi.org/10.6100/IR740226
Dwindling oil reserves have turned world governments towards the use of renewable energy sources. In particular, buildings, which account for 40% of all energy usage in well-developed countries, have attracted special attention for the possibility of implementing energy generating devices from renewable energy sources. For buildings, the devices must be adaptable to the demands of the architect and should not detract from the appearance of the structure, while maintaining a low costs for the generated energy (~€0.06/kWh). An energy source readily available for each building is the sun. The implementation of standard photovoltaic cells in these constructions has been difficult, since the cost of the energy generated is still too high and the adaptability to the demands of the architect is limited. An alternative to standard photovoltaic cells is a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) which holds promise for low cost and of better meeting the demands of the architects. LSCs are simple devices that consist of an optically transparent plastic or glass plate acting as waveguide. A luminophore is embedded in or as a thin film on top of the waveguide and absorbs the incoming sunlight, re-emitting this light as photons with a longer wavelength. Part of this emitted light is waveguided in the plate due to total internal reflection and transported to the edges of the plate where small photovoltaic cells are placed which convert the photons into electricity. The efficiency of LSCs has been limited due to several loss mechanisms. One of the most important losses is the photons lost through the surfaces of the plate, a result of a limited trapping efficiency of emitted photons combined with sequential re-absorption and re-emission of photons in the waveguide mode (called 'photon recycling'). In this work, I present a simple model that predicts the spatial distribution of emitted photons from dichroic dye ensembles in an isotropic or liquid crystalline host. The model predicts the emission from dichroic dyes in an isotropic host is non-isotropic when illuminated with a collimated light source. The model furthermore predicts that by changing the alignment of the dichroic dye molecules, the spatial distribution of the emitted photons may be altered. The model is tested by experiments in which the molecular order of dichroic dyes in a planar aligned liquid crystal is changed. LSC waveguide with the dye molecules aligned parallel to the top and bottom surfaces and parallel to two edges (planar) were made, and I measure the light energy emitted from the edge parallel to the alignment direction can be 60% higher than from the edge perpendicular to the alignment direction, supporting the calculated result. The amount of surface loss from LSCs with dichroic fluorescent dye molecules randomly distributed in the LSC is calculated and determined experimentally. Calculations show that the trapping efficiency is 74.3%, meaning 25.7% of the photons are lost through the surfaces of the LSC waveguide. Experiments show that the photons lost though the surface of LSCs made from polycarbonate is actually ~ 50% of all emitted photons for LSCs containing BASF Lumogen F Red 305, the standard dye used in LSCs. This large surface loss is caused by photon recycling events of waveguided photons and the consequent change in propagation path. Aligning dichroic dye molecules can be used to reduce surface loss of LSCs. Calculations and experiments both show aligning dye molecules in a homeotropic fashion result in a reduction of surface loss to less than 10%, but with concurrent reduction in the incident light absorbed. Tilting the director of the dye ensembles at an intermediate angle can combine the advantages of planar (increased absorption) and homeotropic (decreased surface loss) dye ensembles. Prediction of the optimal tilt angle and order of the dye ensemble with the model presented in this thesis was not possible. I suggest this model needs implementation in simulation software so the influence of photon recycling is better represented. A second method to reduce the surface loss in LSCs is the application of organic wavelength selective reflectors transmitting the incoming sunlight and reflecting the light emitted by the luminophore. Calculations show approximately 90% of all surface emitted photons from luminophore BASF Lumogen Red 305 may be reflected back into the LSC waveguide, leading to an increase in LSC efficiency of 66% if a 400 nm bandwidth reflector is used, or by 45% with a 175 nm reflector. Experimentally, the increase in energy leaving the edge of an LSC containing Red 305 with a peak absorbance of 1.0 is only about 5%. Reducing the number of photon recycling events in an experimental system with a 175 nm bandwidth reflector led to enhancement in LSC efficiency of around 20%, showing it is photon recycling that limits the effectiveness of the wavelength selective reflectors. The organic wavelength selective reflectors show angular dependency: the reflection band shifts to shorter wavelengths with increasing angle of incidence, possibly leading to the reflection of absorbable incident sunlight at these larger angles. Calculations show that for non-direct sunlight or direct sunlight at oblique incidence angles there is a decrease in effectiveness of the reflectors and potential decrease in device efficiency. Simulations show that special dispersion cholesteric reflectors (SDC) have a less pronounced angular dependency. Using SDC reflectors will enhance the LSC efficiency in any solar condition and only incident light at angles larger than 70° are reflected away by the reflector. Both luminophore alignment and organic selective reflectors presented in this thesis reduce the surface loss of the LSC, and increase the device efficiency. Experimentally, the increase is not as large as expected from the calculations. To increase the LSC efficiency the methods presented in this thesis need to be employed using a luminophore with a larger Stokes shift, so photon recycling is limited. In addition, the amount of sunlight that can be absorbed by the luminophore molecules (e.g. the spectral coverage) needs to be increased for the LSC to become viable in the marketplace, as this is still the single largest loss in LSCs.
The WSU Stewart Library Annual UC-UI Symposium took place from 2001-2007. The collection consists of memorabilia from the symposium including a yearly keepsake, posters, and presentations through panel discussions or individual lectures. ; Audio Recording ; " You Can't Get Anywhere Without Coming to Ogden: Railroading in the American West" a commemorative panel discussion presented at the 2004 Utah Construction/ Utah International Symposium Making Tracks by Dr. Richard Sadler Thursday, October 7, 2004 2 I grew up on the west side of the Salt Lake Valley and often was involved with, including a couple of summers, working on the railroad that went from Bingham to Magna that carried copper ore from the 1920s, and continues today to carry a concentrated copper that is milled at Copperton to the smelter and refinery on the north end of the Oquirrh mountains. In 1960 I traveled on a one way ticket from Salt Lake on the Western Pacific Railroad on the Feather River route. And as we talked about the Western Pacific I was telling my friend John Sillito I traveled that route, I can tell you what it was like. For many of us railroads are nostalgic. As I thought about us coming together today I thought some of you may have heard Peter, Paul, and Mary saying, " If you miss the train I am on, you will know that I am gone. You can hear the whistle blow…" How far? "… a hundred miles." Some of you will have heard Arlo Guthrie singing, " Riding on the city of New Orleans" traveling from Chicago through Tennessee to New Orleans. Some of you may have seen Gene Wilder in the film Silver Streak. We have railroads in both history and folklore. One hundred and fifty years ago people were talking all about John Henry, that steel driving man, who put himself up against a machine to see who could lay track the quickest. How about Casey Jones the engineer. And how about songs like, " I've been working on the railroad, all the live- long day. I've been working on the railroad to pass the time of day." Of course the live- long day may have meant a twelve hour working 3 day. " Don't you hear the whistle blowing; rise up so early in the morn. Don't you hear the captain shouting, Dina blow your horn." In 1765, the same year that the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which would lead, in part, to independence in America, James Watt, a Scotsman, invented an efficient steam engine. Seventeen years later in 1782 he patented it a steam engine that had pistons that would both push and pull and allow energy to be transmitted both ways when it pushed and pulled. The first important railroad in the United States was the Baltimore and Ohio which was begun in 1827 and then, in 1829, Peter Cooper, a New York manufacturer, built a steam engine he called the Tom Thumb. The Tom Thumb was an embarrassment to him because it lost a race against a horse because a belt slipped! It was still not powered in a way that locomotives would soon be powered. In 1833 when the Baltimore and Ohio had 133 miles of track, that was the longest stretch of track in the world. One American who dreamed of a transcontinental railroad and pushed for it in the decade of the 1840s was a man by the name of Asa Whitney. And, of course, two decades later Ogden would become the junction center for the first transcontinental railroad in the world. Railroads in the 19th and early 20th centuries were, to those folks, what today automobiles, rockets, and airplanes are all in one for us. So when we consider how important railroads were for those people, there is some nostalgia attached to it. For example, Carl Sandburg in his poem about Chicago said, " Hot butcher for the world, toolmaker, stacker of 4 wheat, player with railroads, and the nations freight handler, stormy, husky, brawling, a city of big shoulders." Not everyone loved railroads. Henry David Thoreau writing at Walden in 1846 said, " We do not ride upon the railroad, it rides upon us." So there were alternative points of view. I also liked him writing in Walden, " Beware of all enterprises that require new clothes." Another author, Philip Guedalla said, " The true history of the United States is the history of transportation. In which the names or railroad presidents are more significant than those of Presidents of the United States." Bret Hart writing about the May 10, 1869 joining of the rail said, " What was it that the engines said there, and for us we would say at Promontory, touching head to head, facing on a single track, with half a world behind each back?" Here we are in the area of the first transcontinental railroad of the world. Edna St. Vincent Malay and her poem entitled " Travel" said, " My heart is warm with the friends I make and better friends I'll not be knowing. Yet, there isn't a train I wouldn't take, no matter where it's going." And finally Langston Hughes, black poet with great feeling, wrote in his poem " Homesick Blues," " De railroad bridge's a sad song in the air. Ever time the trains pass I wants to go somewhere." So that whistle that still blows in Ogden, and Sacramento, and Omaha, and that even sometimes wakes us up at night, my friend Leisel Large up in Oregon, I am sure it blows a whistle up there too. We are going to be introduced today by my colleagues. I am delighted to introduce Dr. Kathryn MacKay, a member of our history faculty here at Weber, who is going to bring us to Ogden from the East and the Union Pacific Railroad. 5 She will be followed by Dr. Stan Layton, also a member of our history faculty but formerly the editor of the Utah Historical Quarterly for three decades. Stan does not look that old but he started young. He is going to bring us to Ogden from the West and talk about the Central and Southern and Western Pacific. And then our colleague Dr. Richard Roberts, emeritus professor of history, is going to talk about the Utah Central railroad and Ogden as a railroad center so we'll turn the time to these folks. Then we'll ask you for some questions and end up the discussion in that fashion. Does that sound alright? Thank you, Dr. MacKay.
In the rapid changing academic setting, language teachers are facing different issues and realities that require drastic and immediate measures for the improvement of language instruction. Gone are the days when traditional approaches and methods were being employed. Learners follow the trends and developments in technology and their attention spans keep on changing dramatically. It is not enough that language teachers will just provide assessment on grammar and speaking skills to evaluate the performances of the students, rather, they have to explore and uncover different factors that are pivotal in the teaching and learning process. The reviewers have decided to evaluate the book "The Impact of Multilingualism on Global Education and Language Learning" having the belief that in the contemporary period, multilingualism is such a formidable phenomenon that has tremendous impact on the lives of students, global education, and language learning and teaching. The ideas and insights crystalized from this review will help academicians, curriculum developers, language teachers, and educational leaders launch new projects for new directions in the field of education and language teaching. In a bigger world, people can see the effects of multilingualism due to spread of cultures, speedy communication, and diversity of learning climate. At the end of this book, the readers are able to imagine the power and influence of multilingualism and plurilingualism in changing educational landscape. The First Section is Multilingualism and Plurilingualism. In here, multilingualism is defined and explained. It brings abundant ideas and realities to people on the concepts and events they witness related to multilingualism and plurilingualism. Indeed, the rise of globalism and diffusion has led to interculturalism. Peoples around the globe have embraced common beliefs, fashion, ideas, and culture. Plurilingualism has been defined in this section with relevance to multilingualism. From this part, different ideas and insights are being offered. It brings and connects readers to possible existence of the phenomena such as multilingualism and plurilingualism in a diverse region or country. Also, the attitude of a group of people and community is being examined and described here. Through clear illustration, linguists and language teachers can get a picture of the phenomena and the ways they can do to revise and update their instructional materials and teaching methods. Further, the importance of having a lingua franca is clearly expounded here. Recent studies were explored on how new technologies can help spread English as a lingua franca. The section concludes the fact that because of the prevalence of multilingualism and plurilingualism, there is a great chance that multiculturalism also exists rapidly as it is occurring now. The Second Section of this book is the multilingual landscape. This section delves on how the concept of multilingualism significantly entered the world of sociolinguistics. It narrates the beginning of multilingualism, and how it was before monolingualism became a norm, from the beginning in the Old Testament to the rise of Roman Empire in the 7th century. The discussion is deemed to be very important for linguistics enthusiasts and researchers as it gives in-depth insights on historical foundation of multilingualism. We can no longer deny the fact that multilingualism is an important consideration in language policies and curriculum development. For instance, here in the Philippines, many linguists claim that learning English effectively is always attributed to the learner's mother tongue and how it highly influences the learners' second language acquisition. It is interesting to discover in the narrative that aside from many European nations like India, China, and Africa multilingualism is a norm. Nowadays, different countries have different official languages spoken on the record. We come to think about how these countries develop, plan, and implement their English language policies. The diversity of language all over the world is very evident. The world has 195 countries, but language spoken is several thousands more. Although languages are diverse, it not a hindrance in globalization. In this case, the role of English language plays a very important role in the aspiration of all the nations to globalize their citizens. The third section is the role of English. English plays an important role in communicating to different places. This section of the book highlights that all languages are mandatory in various places in the world; hence, English language cannot be an exemption. This portion somehow made us realize that proficiency in English is of utmost importance especially if a person wants to land on a high paying job. Moreover, English is already integrated in the various curricula from early childhood education up to high standards of entrance examination in different universities. The author cited different excerpts of several studies as evidences for a notion that English has been becoming more dominant while the world is getting more multilingual. Compared to Latin-Greek languages as discussed in the narrative of the second section, English is not the language of the elites, but an aspirational language for all. Since English plays a very important role in a person's life, English as a national language is pushed by the government officials. However, lack of preparation for materials is a big problem to teachers. For instance, in a case study by Rwanda, the French Government mandated that a switch from French to English, with only a year of preparation; thus, the proficiency to use English will of course may be compromised and cause a bigger problem, since some teachers are not as well proficient in French let alone another language. The lack of preparedness and English Proficiency will only multiply the problems which will make their life miserable as claimed in the excerpts shown. In addition to that, they claim that it could be more challenging as some students feel embarrassed and failure because of the mistakes they made using the English language. This section is concluded with a realization that English is not really a threat for establishing identity; instead, a powerful tool to enrich one's cultural uniqueness. The fourth section is the trends and issues in multilingual education. This portion talks about how English was viewed as just a subject by some, and in reality, is used in the learning process throughout the curriculum. This part scrutinizes reasons why English has been tagged as an important tool in a student's life. Many believe that students must possess higher order thinking skills such as hypothesizing, evaluating, inferring, generalizing, predicting or classifying. Through this, student's cognition will be developed and thus, they will not forget English. One example is the Tower Hamlets, a school in London who was reported to be the worst performing schools and now one of the best performing schools in the country. This was evident in their National Curriculum Test. During this test, students' grades in reading and writing surpasses Kent. This book also mentioned how learning English is not only limited to the educational establishment, but outside it through daily conversations and the use of internet. Since the diversity of the culture of European Union (EU), is very evident, the aim of the EU. To conclude this section, the author clearly explains about EU's language policy. He states that the main goal of Language Policy is that every European shall be able to speak at least two (2) more languages in addition to their mother tongue. This is due to the fact that in EU acquiring foreign language competence is a basic skill the citizen needs to improve their educational and employment opportunities. The last section is the recommendations for national systemic change. In this juncture, the author discusses the societal change to support multilingualism and educational change. We believe in the two main propositions made by the author here. The firs one being the overall societal context that is wider in scope than education; and lastly being the specific direction of educational provision and resource allocation. He explains it by mentioning Comenius (1657) and Piaget (1993). The former believed that the society's fate is dependent in the quality of education, while the latter claimed that education is not dependent to the action of school and family; instead, an essential building block of life in general. Human society is an educational society. The school system is constantly improved throughout the world to accommodate the demands of English proficiency. With this, the researcher suggested to the policy makers three (3) areas that they should consider: Validation, Practical Encouragement, and Specific Planning. This requires different language goals rather than one size fits all. Since each language require different approaches, in addition to that not all languages are learned formally. Anyone can learn language through listening to music, playing games, and watching films and of course communicating electronically. The new integrated language policies have lots of consideration. With this, the magnitude of these effects pale into insignificance compared with class/teacher effects. Since the teacher plays a very important role in the implementation of these policies. Conclusion The reviewers recommend this book because of its functional, practical, and authentic value. The sections are extensively and intensively discussed. They offer practical and theoretical examples that are felt and visualized by any reader who has growing interest in the field of linguistics and language education. Through this scholarly work, more language teachers can better understand the complex and dynamic transitions and developments in language teaching and learning. They can better design effective and appropriate materials and books that can address issues, challenges and problems in language education. In the years to come, more and more constructs will be discovered in relation to multilingualism and plurilingualism but language teachers and linguists have to do introspections on how education and stakeholders can remain attuned to global changes.
