Suchergebnisse

El desarrollo entendido tanto en su sentido social como económico, representa un desafío articulador para los pueblos latinoamericanos, en un contexto de globalización neoliberal hostil a sus intereses. Las ciudades Latinoamericanas que se pensaban como lugares donde se conjugaban el progreso y la modernidad están atravesando por procesos de diferenciación en su estructura espacial y social como resultado de la combinación de complejos factores relacionados con el avance del capitalismo global y con patrones culturales, históricos y sociales. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar y analizar los modelos de desarrollo dominantes y su relación con los cambios territoriales que caracterizan a las ciudades intermedias en el norte Argentino. Se toma como ejemplo los aglomerados Gran San Miguel de Tucumán y Gran San Salvador de Jujuy durante el periodo 1990–2015. La estrategia metodológica combina actividades y técnicas cualicuantitativas y utiliza como fuentes de información los Censos Nacionales de Población, Hogares y Viviendas (1991, 2001, 2010), imágenes satelitales Landsat-TM para los mismos años y material bibliográfico. Los resultados se centran en los procesos de conformación y expansión urbana vinculada a los cambios en relación al concepto de desarrollo; y en las lógicas residenciales que primaron en la producción de las ciudades, como manifestación de las políticas dominantes cristalizadas en el territorio de los aglomerados estudiados. Aún en un contexto de pobreza particularmente desfavorable, los esfuerzos por sostener un modelo de ciudad competitivo se mantienen, en detrimento –o a expensas– de la vulnerabilidad creciente de la mayor parte de la población. ; O desenvolvimento entendido tanto em seu sentido social como econômico, representa um desafio articulador para os povos latino-americanos, em um contexto de globalização neoliberal hostil a seus interesses. As cidades latino-americanas que se enxergavam como lugares onde se conjugava o progresso e a modernidade estão atravessando processos de diferenciação em sua estrutura espacial e social como resultado da combinação de complexos fatores relacionados com o avanço do capitalismo global e com padrões culturais, históricos e sociais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os modelos de desenvolvimento dominantes e sua relação com os câmbios territoriais que caracterizam as cidades intermediárias no norte Argentino. Se toma como exemplo os aglomerados Grande San Miguel de Tucumán e Grande San Salvador de Jujuy durante o período 1990–2015. A estratégia metodológica combina atividades e técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas e utiliza como fontes de informação os Censos Nacionales de Población, Hogares y Viviendas (1991, 2001, 2010), imagens de satélite Landsat-TM para os mesmos anos e material bibliográfico. Os resultados se centram nos processos de conformação e expansão urbana vinculada aos câmbios em relação ao conceito de desenvolvimento; e nas lógicas residenciais que dominaran na produção das cidades, como manifestação das políticas dominantes cristalizadas no território dos aglomerados estudados. Ainda em contexto de pobreza particularmente desfavorável, os esforços para sustentar um modelo de cidade competitivo se mantem, em detrimento ou as custas da vulnerabilidade crescente da maior parte da população. ; In the context of aggressive neoliberal globalization, development –in a social as well as in an economic sense – represents a challenge for Latin-American countries. Latin-American cities, which were seen as places where progress and modernization was combined went through processes of social and spatial re-organization. This is the result of a variety of factors like the advancement of globalized capitalism as well as of social, cultural and historical changes. This paper aims to identify and analyze the dominant development models and their relations to territorial changes that are characteristic to the intermediate cities in the Northwest of Argentina. As case studies, we present the examples of Gran San Miguel de Tucumán and Gran San Salvador de Jujuy from 1990 to 2015. In doing so, we combine quali-quantitative methods of analysis, like statistics of the official census data (1991, 2001 and 2010), remote sensing (Landsat-TM) and bibliographic material. The analysis shows the relation between the process of urban expansion and the dominant models of development. Besides, the paper focuses on the residential logics behind the production of these cities as a manifestation of dominant politics materialized in the agglomeration under study. In an adverse context of poverty, the competitive model of city even continues being dominant in detriment – or at the expense – of the vulnerability of the majority of the population ; Fil: Malizia, Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina ; Fil: Boldrini, Paula. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina ; Fil: Ruiz Peyré, Fernando. Universidad de Innsbruck ; Austria

For the second time in 30 years, development theory is in crisis. For all its challenges to developmentalism in the 1960s, the dependency school (both Baran's 'Development of Underdevelopment' and the S. American historical-structuralism model) was unable to detach itself fully from the assumptions of the mainstream paradigm because it too was based on Nineteenth century theory. Calls for genuine concrete analysis of historical situations. (SJK)

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between output and unanticipated inflation when wages are indexed for the loss of purchasing power. The authors argue that the monetary authority remains useful when firms that face rigid demand index wages to compensate for the loss of purchasing power, unlike Fischer (1977), who suggested that monetary policy loses effectiveness when firms index wages.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper develops a simple theoretical model followed by an empirical investigation of the relationship between output and unanticipated inflation in the presence of indexation. The theoretical model assumes a perfectly competitive firm that produces a final good that has no close substitutes using one factor, labor. The demand for the product is rigid. The empirical work considers quarterly US data from 1982Q1 to 2017Q1 and uses the Generalized Method of Moments in which endogenous variables are instrumented using their own lags. This paper further considers the period before and after the recent global financial crisis.


Findings
This paper shows that unexpected inflation decreases the growth rate of output in the USA. The decrease is quantitatively and qualitatively stronger before the financial crisis than after the crisis. This finding suggests that the Federal Reserve should maintain higher expectations of inflation and then surprise the public with lower inflation rates. The results further suggest that regardless of how expectations are formed, firms and workers agree on the nominal wage that is equal to the realized marginal revenue product of labor.


Originality/value
This paper sheds light on the behavior of the central bank and its relative ineffectiveness in light of the recent economic recession.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation outputs proxied by number of patent applications, trademarks and industrial designs in developing countries.


Design/methodology/approach
– The paper employs a panel data and Negative Binomial method to analyse the main determinants affecting the innovation outputs.


Findings
– The results implicitly suggest that providing a fertile ground to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) can lead to much better innovation outputs. The study also strongly supports the role of institutions and governance for increasing innovation activities in developing economies as indicated by positive impacts of governance factors in the model. However, the impact of economic freedom indicators on improving innovation outputs is mixed.


Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways: it examines the effect of FDI and research and development on innovation of selected developing countries; and the study uses a panel data approach to increase the accuracy of the results through exploiting the significant variations of innovation outputs across countries, while controlling for a larger number of innovation outputs and product determinants. To the authors knowledge, this is the first empirical study on the behaviour of innovation outputs for developing countries.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on balance‐of‐payments‐constrained growth by providing an innovative empirical evaluation of a disaggregated version of the so‐called Thirlwall's Law derived from a Pasinettian multisectoral framework.Design/methodology/approachAfter estimating sectoral elasticities of exports and imports for a considerable panel dataset of 90 countries over the period 1965‐1999, the authors have performed two empirical exercises. First, they grouped countries together by income level and evaluated a multisectoral balance‐of‐payments‐constrained growth model by analyzing prediction errors and mean absolute deviations. Second, the authors carried out a regression validity test on the results.FindingsThe main findings give support to the validity of the multisectoral version of Thirlwall's Law, providing therefore further understanding of the structural determinants of the uneven international development and guidance for the design of growth‐enhancing national structural policies.Originality/valueThe main value added of this contribution to the existing literature lies in the use of disaggregated trade data in conjunction with modern panel data econometric techniques to obtain empirical estimates on the balance‐of‐payments constraints to long‐run economic growth for an unprecedently large sample of countries.

This paper analyses the impact of heritage-listed buildings on condominium transaction prices in Berlin, Germany. We use transaction data to test for price differentials between listed and nonlisted properties and to study their impact on surrounding property prices. Proximity to built heritage is captured by distance to listed houses and indicators capturing neighborhoods with built heritage. Impact is assessed by applying a hedonic model to micro-level data and a non-parametric approach to location. While our findings suggest that listed properties do not sell at a premium or discount, heritage- listed buildings are found to have positive external effects on surrounding property prices. -- Cultural economics ; built heritage ; heritage significance ; real estate economics ; Berlin

AbstractArtificial intelligence has been a hot topic in recent years, particularly as it relates to warfare and military operations. While rational choice approaches have been widely used to understand the causes of war, there is little literature on using the rational choice methodology to investigate the role of AI in warfare systematically. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring how rational choice models can inform our understanding of the power and limitations of AI in warfare. This theoretical approach suggests (a) an increase in the demand for moral judgment due to a reduction in the price of AI and (b) that without a human in the AI decision-making loop, peace is impossible; the very nature of AI rules out peace through mutually assured destruction.

The topic of public expenditure efficiency has gained a key position in the spheres of public policy goals. This article tries estimating the efficiency of public spending on health and education sectors across Indian states from 1990–1991 to 2016–2017. In input–output linkage, we have computed efficiency using a slacks-based measure model of data envelopment analysis through different orientations. The study also captures the externalities of public spending efficiency with some exogenous factors. It also suggests that these exogenous factors (such as good governance, per capita income and proportion of literates in the household) have significantly improved the output efficiency score of the health as well as the education sectors across Indian states. JEL Codes: H51, H52, H21, E61

Abstract
This article discusses the determinants of the survival of new companies, with particular emphasis on their sources of financing. We have analysed the impact of experience in the same focal industry, of having a competitive advantage and intellectual property rights (patents and trademarks) and of debt financing on the probability of a start-up's survival, using a logit model based on the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) database data covering 4,928 American companies which operated from 2004 to 2011. Additionally, we can demonstrate that start-ups that use debt financing have a better chance of staying in business. Factors such as intellectual capital and competitive advantage are also positively correlated with the prospects for start-up survival.

Abstract
Unlike many studies concerning audit fees in Western Europe or the United States, literature concerning this kind of research is very limited in Central and Eastern Europe. This study aimed to show what factors shape audit fees in Poland. It was conducted based on data collected from the financial statements of 111 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2018. The study used a linear regression model to verify the determinants of audit fees. The research results indicate a positive relationship between audit fees and company size, measures of complexity (in addition to the ratio of inventories and receivables to total assets) and the fact that a company is audited by the 'Big Four' accounting firms.

SUMMARYThe euro crisis was fuelled by the diabolic loop between sovereign risk and bank risk, coupled with cross-border flight-to-safety capital flows. European Safe Bonds (ESBies), a euro area-wide safe asset without joint liability, would help to resolve these problems. We make three contributions. First, numerical simulations show that ESBies with a subordination level of 30% would be as safe as German bunds and would increase safe asset supply. Second, a model shows how, when and why the two features of ESBies – diversification and seniority – can weaken the diabolic loop and its diffusion across countries. Third, we propose how to create ESBies, starting with limited issuance by public or private-sector entities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze if the unconventional monetary policy, known as quantitative easing (QE) practiced by central banks in the USA, the UK, and Japan was effective to increase the market share after subprime crisis.Design/methodology/approachIn order to analyze the effect of the QE on the stock markets of the USA, the UK, and Japan, the authors use an ARDL model to find the long-run relationship among the variables.FindingsThe findings denote that the QE implemented by the central banks in the USA, Japan, and the UK had a positive impact on their stock markets.Originality/valueThe results of the paper give some new insights about the conduction of monetary policy when the interest rates are close to zero.

One of the key issues for understanding reciprocity is how agents evaluate the kindness of an action. In this paper we investigate experimentally the hypothesis that the motivation driving an action is relevant for its perceived kindness and, as a consequence, for reciprocal behavior. In particular, we examine the hypothesis that, for a given distributional outcome, positive reciprocity is less strong in response to strategically motivated actions than to non-strategically motivated actions. Our results indicate that, both at the aggregate and the individual level, reciprocity is significantly stronger when strategic motivations can be ruled out. These findings suggest that intentions matter and, in particular, that models of intention-based reciprocity should take into account the nature of the motivations behind choices.