Suchergebnisse

This study analyzes longitudinal data from couples in rural Nepal to investigate the influence of spousal communication about family planning on their subsequent contraceptive use. The study expands current understanding of the communication–contraception link by (a) exploiting monthly panel data to conduct an event history analysis, (b) incorporating both wives' and husbands' perceptions of communication, and (c) distinguishing effects of spousal communication on the use of four contraceptive methods. The findings provide new evidence of a strong positive impact of spousal communication on contraceptive use, even when controlling for confounding variables. Wives' reports of communication are substantial explanatory factors in couples' initiation of all contraceptive methods examined. Husbands' reports of communication predict couples' subsequent use of male‐controlled methods. This analysis advances our understanding of how marital dynamics—as well as husbands' perceptions of these dynamics—influence fertility behavior, and should encourage policies to promote greater integration of men into family planning programs.

This book looks at the case study of Hachioji as a major transit hub with a world-class public transportation system in Japan. It tracks how Tokyo slowly expands into its suburban, rural or sub-rural districts. It also wants to profile the multiple identities of a city that is simultaneously an ecological asset, a heritage locale in addition to a logistics hub. The volume is probably the first of its kind to analyze the western sector of the largest city in the world

AbstractThe remembered history of the Second World War continues to infect contemporary relations between China and its Northeast Asian neighbours. This article argues that a 'history spiral' has taken hold in Northeast Asia as a result of the region's changing strategic order and domestic politics in China, Japan and South Korea. Using the case studies of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands territorial dispute, the Dokdo/Takeshima territorial disputes, and Sino‐South Korean memorial diplomacy, we explore the interactive spiralling dynamics of Northeast Asia's history problems. We suggest that despite some recent signs of an improvement in Northeast Asian relations since late 2014, the 'history spiral' is likely to remain a fixture of Northeast Asia's international politics owing to the region's changing strategic order.

I. Inaugural.-- II-III. On the present state and prospects of historical study.-- IV. On the purposes and methods of historical study.-- V. Methods of historical study.-- VI-VII. Learning and literature at the court of Henry II.-- VIII. The mediaeval kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia.-- IX-X. On the characteristic differences between mediaeval and modern history.-- XI. The reign of Henry VIII.-- XII. Parliament under Henry VIII.--XIII-XIV. The history of the canon law in England.-- XV-XVI. The reign of Henry VII.-- XVII. A last statutory public lecture. ; Mode of access: Internet.

I look at journals and popular magazines on computers and information systems from the early 1970s through the early 1990s to see how they construct expertise about databases and address various publics with different "database literacy" levels. During this period, emerging database technologies such as relational database models and menu-driven interfaces made it possible for users to keep a distance from their data. Alongside such technical changes, socially constructed discourse distinguished "information" from "data" and experts (including computer programmers) emphasized that data was too enormous and unwieldy to be handled by common users and prescribed that such users should concentrate on working with information; that is, data processed by the database management systems (DBMSs). By tracing the socio-technical forces that created data–information categorizations and the dynamic interfacing role played by DBMSs, the article attempts to understand how we arrived at notions about where and how our data are stored.

ABSTRACT - Thesis of Sergio Fantini: HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OLD GROWTH FORESTS IN SARDINIA. Old forests globally play a very important role. The most widely used definition of primary forest is: "Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed" (FAO). Their biodiversity, their ability to mitigate CO2 emissions, and to globally and locally modify the water cycle and climate, make these fundamental ecosystems very important to be studied and preserved. Globally, it is well known that currently primary forests are in decline. Also in Sardinia, only a small percentage of the original forest heritage was saved from the deforestation that began in the early nineteenth century and continued until after the half of the twentieth century. Despite the great importance, there was not a complete knowledge of the consistency, structure, distribution, threats and types of ancient forests. This research tried to fill, at least in part, these gaps and produced a first characterisation of the ancient residual forests of Sardinia. The first phase of the study consisted in the research, identification and field mapping of the oldgrowth stands. The feedback provided by local experts from public forestry agencies and research institutes universities through the compilation of a questionnaire was essential. A total of 68 plots were surveyed throughout the island. The identification of old-growth features was based on: amount of large-size and old trees, tree species composition, canopy heterogeneity, occurrence and amount of deadwood. The main goal of this work was to determine the degree of old-growthness of each single plot and, for this reason, several structural variables were surveyed. Because no one single proxy indicator can be a measure of old-growthness alone, a structural index (Structural Heterogeneity Index, SHI) was elaborated in order to summarisethe above-mentioned variables in one single value. Finally, how the SHI varied among environmental or human-related factors was statistically evaluated. In the second part of the work, the relationship between the presence of great longhorn beetles (saproxylic beetles that play an important role as an ecosystem engineer) and the structure of old-growth holm oak, the most widespread and representative forest type present in Sardinia, was analysed. Finally, the degree of protection of the old-growth stands from the legislative point of view and from wildfire hazard, was studied. These analyses, performed in GIS environment, allowed to identify which surfaces of the old-growth stands were included in the regional protection network and, through the visibility analysis of the fire lookouts network, the risk ofold-growth forest fires was assessed. To do this, the application of a parametric method allowed an assessment and the creation of a vulnerability map through the integration of visibility, old-growthness and wildfire hazard parameters of each oldgrowth stand.

"The four battleships of the Iowa class, the crowning achievement of U.S. battleship construction, had exceptionally long careers and each in their way left a distinctive mark not only on the U.S. Navy but on naval history at large. Built as the ultimate American battleship and designed to engage the major units of the Japanese and German fleets, the class were commissioned in the closing stages of World War II, the beginning of half a century of service during which individual units saw action in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Lebanese Civil War and finally the Persian Gulf War."--Provided by publisher

Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: Locating Women in the Work of History -- Part 1: Community Building -- 2 Cultivating a Love of Canada through History: Agnes Maule Machar, 1837-1927 -- 3 Women's Rights and Duties: Sarah Anne Curzon and the Politics of Canadian History -- 4 Ontario Women's Institutes and the Work of Local History -- Part 2: Transitions -- 5 'Writing Teaches Us Our Mysteries': Women Religious Recording and Writing History -- 6 'I walk my own track in life & no mere male can bump me off it': Constance Lindsay Skinner and the Work of History -- 7 Isabel Skelton: Precursor to Canadian Cultural History -- Part 3: The Academy -- 8 Laying Siege to the History Professoriate -- 9 A View from the Front Steps: Esther Clark Wright and the Making of a Maritime Historian -- 10 Kathleen Wood-Legh: A Canadian in Cambridge -- Part 4: New Departures -- 11 Women's History: Founding a New Field -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

The article raises the problem of preserving national identity in the context of hybridisation / universalisation of the values ​​of the Russian youth. In this regard, the concept of "historical memory" is applied to the data of two studies carried out in schools and five universities (both at the capital and regional level). The purpose of the article is to assess the content and vector of historical knowledge of students about their country, the attitude to this knowledge among young people and adolescents at different educational levels. The process of continuity of school and university education in the national history is considered, the points of breaks are revealed. A general assessment is given on which periods of Russian history retain the connection with the young generations of Russians, and on which ones go into the past, revealing the main narratives of historical memory. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the continuity and general assessment among schoolchildren and university students is maintained in relation to at least two events in the Russian history - the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 and the historical figure of Peter I as the first emperor of Russia, who turned the country to the West and made a breakthrough in its modernization; 2. there is a gap in historical memory in relation to events associated with the period of Ancient Rus, a connection with the Soviet past is revealed; schoolchildren even single out the Soviet period as the most interesting and memorable; 3. there are gaps in the continuity of historical knowledge at the level of school and university education, this concerns, for example, such an event as "the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014"; 4. among schoolchildren dominates (58%) a group of students who are proud of the country history, whilst there is a group of those who are indifferent to their history or express negative assessments (8%) and have a neutral attitude to the history of Russia (34%), there is a high percentage (76%) of those who believe that there are different events in the history of Russia and it is important to remember the "dark" pages of one´s own history; 5. as a result, we see young people behaving differently depending on the age, who, for some reason, began to doubt their country and are ashamed of its past, but at the same time are ready to participate in the country's transformations.