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This article aims to analyze the implications and legal controversies about the legal acknowledgment of gender identity on European territory and within member states of the European Union. Initially, we will define the notion of gender identity and non-binarity, as well as the international law in this matter to fully understand the context of regulating these matters on European territory. Subsequently, we will present and examine the effects of legally acknowledging these notions in the matter of fundamental human rights and freedoms and gender equality. At the same time, we will analyze some controversies of international legal practice, such as assuming a new identity to elude the execution of certain punishments, the presence of biological men in sports competitions destined for women, gender-neutral toilets, and so on.

Idaho is the only state to have reinstated its felony sodomy law after it was taken off the books; public outcry about the 1971 elimination of the state's law making homosexual conduct subject to felony conviction led the Idaho legislature to reinstate the old criminal code in 1972. Despite Lawrence v. Texas, Idaho has not repealed its sodomy law. Thus, Idaho's public code continues to characterize sodomy as "the infamous crime against nature," punishable by imprisonment of not less than five years. Idaho does not include LGBT persons in any protected category for the purpose of employment discrimination. A bill that would have prohibited employers with more that five employees (including the State of Idaho but excepting certain religious organizations) from discriminating based on sexual orientation or gender identity was proposed in the Idaho Senate on January 21, 2008. The bill was defeated in February of 2009. Similar bills have failed in the past.

In its advisory opinion, OC-24/17 (Advisory Opinion), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR or Court) addressed globally debated issues concerning gender identity, same-sex relationships, and the rights of LGBTI persons. As discussed below, the Court reached conclusions more progressive than those of its European counterpart, due to its finding that the principle of individual autonomy is embedded in the foundations of human rights law and permeates individual self-determination, the free development of one's personality, and the protection of different models of the family. In line with an apparent trend in the Court's case law, the Advisory Opinion rejects the idea that domestic societies are sometimes entitled, by virtue of a margin of appreciation, to choose among different possibilities for protecting human rights, provided that certain international legal limits are observed—an idea addressed in the dissenting opinion.

Gender identity discrimination protections in Maryland are extended through four local ordinances that are inconsistent, and provide more limited remedies than Maryland's state non-discrimination laws. A gubernatorial executive order that applies only to state employees also exists. The four local laws all provide gender identity discrimination protections in the same areas covered by state law, including employment, housing and public accommodation, though Baltimore City and Howard County also expressly prohibit discrimination in some types of government services. Baltimore City prohibits discrimination in public education and by its health and welfare agencies, and Howard County prohibits law enforcement officers from harassing and discriminating against citizens based on protected characteristics. Notably, the remedies available under the local ordinances are generally more limited than those provided by state law, especially as it relates to monetary relief available through administrative proceedings, and state case law may further limit those remedies.

Approximately 66,000 LGBT workers in South Carolina are vulnerable to employment discrimination absent state legal protections. Four localities in South Carolina prohibit public sector employment discrimination against LGBT people. Only 18% of the state's labor force works in those localities, and only a small proportion of those workers are employed by their local governments. Currently none of South Carolina's LGBT-inclusive local ordinances prohibit discrimination in private employment. Findings from the South Carolina report are consistent with national data. A 2013 Pew Research Center survey found that 21 percent of LGBT respondents had been treated unfairly by an employer in hiring, pay, or promotions. In 2010, 78 percent of respondents to the largest national survey of transgender people to date reported having experienced harassment or mistreatment at work, and 47 percent reported having been discriminated against in hiring, promotion, or job retention because of their gender identity.

"Debate over gender and especially the lives of men is currently at a fever pitch, particularly in the United States. New perspectives that capture the complexity of men and this rapidly changing gender landscape are therefore critical today. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary American Men challenges narrow stereotyped views of men by arguing that men are as complex and layered as women. In the light of the recent #MeToo movement, stereotypes of men are being recycled. While aligned with the spirit of this movement, the authors worry that negative stereotypes of men are being perpetrated at the very time that men are re-negotiating their gender experience. The authors present a critical non-heteronormative perspective addressing current gender transformations. Although the lives of men are changing, the stories that dominate the public sphere often represent them as narrowly phallic--controlling, detached, sexist, and homophobic. Seidman and Frank offer a counter point: men are also "guardians" driven to be useful and to do good, to live valued and purposeful lives. They argue that men are not only driven by a will to power but by an ethically-minded, relationally-oriented sense of responsibility to care for others, whether partners, children, or fellow citizens"--

The advent of satellite television and its adoption in the Maghreb brought about a profound social change. This book, which explores the relationships between the media and the public sphere, shows that the simple and quotidian act of watching satellite television as opposed to national television mobilizes novel ways of expressing identities along with a range of critical positions targeting political regimes. By bringing certain topics hitherto hardly present to the center of homes, the media reveals the pivotal functions of gender relations, which are today at the heart of social and political matters in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.Based on extensive fieldwork, this book offers a unique interpretation of the use of satellite television in authoritarian contexts and contributes to a better understanding of the media and the political public sphere. The book will interest teachers and students in communication, political studies, gender studies, sociology and anthropology of the Arab worlds and the Mediterranean.

This paper examines Chelsea Manning's self-narration of her leaking of government documents. The press has classified her as a would-be whistleblower whose confusion over her sexuality and gender identity keep her from being an authentic truth-teller. I dispute this reading and argue for seeing Manning as an exemplar of what I call "transformative truth-telling": a practice of truth-telling that challenges and seeks to transform dominant public/private distinctions that structure who counts as a proper truth-teller. I argue that reading Manning's act in this way reveals the democratic promise and riskiness of truth-tellingand alerts democratic actors and theorists to the importance of cultivating broader and more generous democratic receptivities to truth-telling.

Chapter 1: Introduction: Transgender and nonbinary identities -- Chapter 2: Conceptualizations of gender: From biblical to queer -- Chapter 3: Impact of religious freedom policies on transgender rights -- Chapter 4: Exemptions to Title IX: Religious liberty in higher education -- Chapter 5: Trans advocacy and activism in conservative Christian communities -- Chapter 6: A Proposal: Morality over legality.

Effective and comfortable provider-patient communication is associated with engagement in health-promoting behavior. Although research on medical experiences among sexual minorities has increased, work has not examined how gender intersects with sexual identity to shape medical experiences. Using an intercategorical intersectional approach, we examine whether sexual minorities perceive their medical provider as knowledgeable and comfortable with their sexual identity, and how these relationships differ for cisgender men, cisgender women, and multigendered transgender adults. Drawing on data from 3,050 adults included in the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project, logistic regression models show three main findings. First, compared with heterosexual cisgender women, bisexual cisgender women are less likely to perceive that their provider knew their sexual identity—and if they did perceive knowledge, they were less likely to perceive that their provider was comfortable with their sexual identity. Second, gay transgender adults have significantly lower odds of perceiving provider comfort with their sexual identity relative to heterosexual transgender adults. Finally, for each gender group, our models demonstrated the importance of medical and social relationships for perceiving both knowledge and comfort with sexual identity from medical care providers.

We applied a novel framework to identity development, capturing both content and process, and personal and cultural components of identity in the content domain of gender. We examined master (and alternative) narratives: ubiquitous, powerful cultural stories with which individuals negotiate in constructing personal identity. Study 1 was a quantitative investigation of personal narratives about gender ( n = 245); Study 2 was a qualitative study of discourse processes concerning gender roles ( n = 12). Employing three approaches to identity development (status, narrative, and discursive) in a mixed methods design, we found that most individuals position themselves around a newer, alternative narrative about gender equality. However, in social interactions, this narrative got less airtime, in favor of narratives representing either traditional views or gender equality. Further, those who were exploring their identities were more likely to employ the less traditional narrative, suggesting a link between changing master narratives and personal identity exploration.