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PubMed: 30608764 ; 2-s2.0-85059112614 ; Measurements of fragmentation functions for jets associated with an isolated photon are presented for the first time in pp and Pb-Pb collisions. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Fragmentation functions are obtained for jets with pTjet>30 GeV/c in events containing an isolated photon with pT?>60 GeV/c, using charged tracks with transverse momentum pTtrk>1 GeV/c in a cone around the jet axis. The association with an isolated photon constrains the initial pT and azimuthal angle of the parton whose shower produced the jet. For central Pb-Pb collisions, modifications of the jet fragmentation functions are observed when compared to those measured in pp collisions, while no significant differences are found in the 50% most peripheral collisions. Jets in central Pb-Pb events show an excess (depletion) of low (high) pT particles, with a transition around 3 GeV/c. This measurement shows for the first time the in-medium shower modifications of partons (quark dominated) with well-defined initial kinematics. It constitutes a new well-controlled reference for testing theoretical models of the parton passage through the quark-gluon plasma. © 2018 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the »https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/» Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3. ; ST/I003622/1, ST/I505580/1, ST/J004871/1, ST/J005479/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/N000242/1 National Science Foundation, NSF National Institutes of Health, NIH U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP CS Fund, CSF Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) California Earthquake Authority, CEA Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, TAEK Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS Missouri University of Science and Technology, MST CERN College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, CAS Norwegian Sequencing Centre, NSC Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, IPST Mountain Equipment Co-operative, MEC Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC: ST/F007434/1, ST/N001273/1 Royal Astronomical Society, RAS Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ???? Science Foundation Ireland, SFI Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC Research Promotion Foundation, ???? Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ???? Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Academy of Finland Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Austrian Science Fund, FWF Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN National Science and Technology Development Agency, ????: Thailand Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT Universiti Malaya, UM Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, MBIE National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU Ministry of Education and Science, MES Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, SEIDI European Regional Development Fund, FEDER Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine, SFFR Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian FederationRosAtom, RAS, RFBR and RAEP (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).

ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the Asset Confiscation of Crime Result by Police Investigator in Relation With the Implementation of Law Number 8 Year 2010 About Prevention And Eradication Of Money Laundering Crime (Case Study Ditreskrimsus Polda Kalbar). From the results of this thesis research obtained the conclusion that the Application of Asset Confiscation of Results of Crime By Police Investigator In Relation With The Implementation of Law Number 6 Year 2010 About Prevention And Eradication Of Money Laundering At Ditreskrimsus Polda Kalbar. The Special Criminal Investigation Directorate (Ditreskrimsus) of West Kalimantan Regional Police is the main task force element at Polda level under Kapolda. Ditreskrimsus is in charge of conducting special investigations and investigations of crime, coordination, operational supervision, and administration of PPNS investigation in accordance with the provisions of legislation. Refers to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code that the investigation of a crime can be done by a POLRI investigator and a certain PPNS, in principle the POLRI has the authority mandated by law to conduct investigation of all criminal offenses both in the Criminal Code and special offenses The Criminal Code includes an investigation into the crime of Money Laundering as a Special Criminal Act. As an investigator in money laundering crime, the Police may recover the assets of money laundering proceeds with the powers of the Police in the legislation, such as confiscation to serve as evidence. Implementation of Asset Confiscation of Criminal Result by Police Investigator in Relation to the Implementation of Law Number 6 Year 2010 on Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crime in the future. The prevention and eradication of Money Laundering Crime in the future is based on the description above, seen the need to reconstruct the criminal law system in Indonesia by regulating the seizure and seizure of proceeds and instruments of criminal acts in a law. Such arrangements should be comprehensive and must be integrated with other arrangements for the legislation to be drafted can be implemented effectively and able to provide legal certainty and legal protection to the public. The arrangement must also be in line with the prevailing international arrangements to facilitate the Indonesian government in seeking cooperation assistance from other governments based on good relationships based on the principle of reciprocity. Currently the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights has drafted the Draft Law (RUU) Deprivation of Criminal Assets. Based on the consideration in the Bill, the existing systems and mechanisms concerning the seizure of criminal assets at present have not been able to support fair law enforcement efforts and improve the welfare of the people as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia and clear and comprehensive arrangements On the management of deprived assets will promote the establishment of professional, transparent and accountable law enforcement. Keywords: Asset Confiscation, Results, Crime, Police Investigator. ii ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas Penyitaan Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Oleh Penyidik Polri Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (Studi Kasus Ditreskrimsus Polda Kalbar). Dari hasil penelitian tesis ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Penerapan Penyitaan Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Oleh Penyidik Polri Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Ditreskrimsus Polda Kalbar. Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Khusus (Ditreskrimsus) Polda Kalimantan Barat adalah unsur pelaksana tugas pokok pada tingkat Polda yang berada di bawah Kapolda. Ditreskrimsus bertugas menyelenggarakan penyelidikan dan penyidikan tindak pidana khusus, koordinasi, pengawasan operasional, dan administrasi penyidikan PPNS sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. mengacu ketentuan KUHAP terlihat bahwa penyidikan terhadap suatu tindak pidana dapat dilakukan oleh penyidik POLRI dan PPNS tertentu, pada prinsipnya POLRI mempunyai wewenang yang diamanatkan oleh undang-undang untuk melakukan penyidikan terhadap semua tindak pidana baik tindak pidana yang diatur didalam KUHP maupun tindak pidana khusus di luar KUHP termasuk di dalamnya penyidikan terhadap tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang sebagai suatu Tindak Pidana Khusus. Sebagai penyidik dalam tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Polri dapat melakukan pengembalian aset hasil tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dengan kewenangankewenangan yang dimiliki Polri dalam perundang-undangan, diantaranya melakukan penyitaan untuk dijadikan sebagai barang bukti. Penerapan Penyitaan Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Oleh Penyidik Polri Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Penerapan UndangUndang Nomor 6 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di masa yang akan datang. Adapun pencegahan dan pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di masa yang akan datang ialah berdasarkan uraian di atas, terlihat adanya kebutuhan untuk merekonstruksi sistem hukum pidana di Indonesia dengan mengatur mengenai penyitaan dan perampasan hasil dan instrumen tindak pidana di dalam suatu undang-undang. Pengaturan tersebut selain harus komprehensif juga harus terintegrasi dengan pengaturan lain agar undang-undang yang akan disusun bisa dilaksanakan secara efektif dan mampu memberikan kepastian hukum serta jaminan perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat. Pengaturan tersebut juga harus sejalan dengan pengaturan yang berlaku umum di dunia internasional untuk memudahkan pemerintah Indonesia dalam meminta bantuan kerjasama dari pemerintahan negara lain berdasarkan hubungan baik dengan berlandaskan prinsip resiprositas. Saat ini Kementerian Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia telah menyusun Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana. Berdasarkan pertimbangan dalam RUU tersebut, bahwa sistem dan mekanisme yang ada mengenai perampasan aset tindak pidana pada saat ini belum mampu mendukung upaya penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh UndangUndang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan pengaturan yang jelas dan komprehensif mengenai pengelolaan aset yang telah dirampas akan mendorong terwujudnya penegakan hukum yang profesional, transparan, dan akuntabel. Kata Kunci : Penyitaan Aset, Hasil, Tindak Pidana, Penyidik Polri.

Exhibition at LCC as part of the London Design Festival Alternative do-it-yourself (DIY) publishing in the UK is often assumed to have started with photocopiers and punks. However, counterculture and grassroots movements from the mid-1960s onwards generated an explosion of alternative 'not for profit' print and publications, frequently produced by amateurs using basic technologies. Much of this was consciously infused with notions of autonomy and anti-specialism. The mid-60s were a contradictory period of political, creative and social turbulence, a moment when radical ideas were in ferment and hopes for change were high. The experimental and creative energies generated by the counterculture stimulated a proliferation of DIY or self-sufficient activity that spread across the expanding field of the alternative left: from 'happenings' to free schools and communes. Within the pages of the underground/alternative press there is clear evidence of how DIY or 'self-help' activities provided a significant component of countercultural sensibilities and practice. 'How To' articles, sharing and 'demystifying' uncommon knowledge, were a regular feature, and all manner of self-help handbooks could be obtained by mail order or found in alternative bookshops; how to build things, grow things, fix things, take or make drugs, meditate, print and squat. There were also articles and handbooks about how to navigate the unavoidable parts of 'the system', notably the law and the welfare state. It was not just that people could do it for themselves, where possible outside of 'the system' of experts and institutions, but that others could also do it to build 'the alternative society'. At the same time we find in the pages of the underground press biting satire and critique of capitalism, militarism and consumerism. The four publications shown here offer a glimpse into this new upsurge of left voices and causes of protest, specifically the feminist movement, the anti-war and nuclear disarmament movement, as well as radical art and alternative living. This mini-exhibition will be followed by a larger exhibition in 2018, which marks the 50th anniversary of 1968, the year that was the highpoint of 60s era youthful revolt in many parts of the world. Captions: Shrew – August / September issue, Volume 5 No.3 1973 Shrew was the magazine of the Women's Liberation Workshop, a collectivist federation made up of smaller autonomous local women's liberation groups. Many were 'consciousness-raising' groups, with their own character, agendas and affiliations. Shrew ran regularly between 1969 and 1974, had a circulation of about 5,000 and sold very cheaply either by mail order or in women's centres and sympathetic bookshops. Each issue of the magazine was produced by a different local or special interest group that had total freedom in all aspects; content, layout, images and overall design. There was a Shrew collective of representatives committed to helping with the production. As the production of each issue was rotated, the contents and aesthetics of the magazine were incredibly diverse. Shrew represented the sense of empowerment associated by feminists in 'doing it for themselves'. From the collection of The Feminist Library (www.feministlibrary.co.uk). —————————- Hapt – Issues 26 & 27, 1970 Started by a small collective connected to the English Diggers Hapt was a DIY hand-printed counter-culture magazine. Produced between December 1967 and May 1971, running for 27 issues, Hapt was legal-sized, stencil duplicated, with silk-screened covers and centrespread, printed on rough paper in editions of up to 400. It was distributed for free by post, at alternative bookshops and in radical spaces. The UK edition was written and co-ordinated by a small team of seven, initially based in London before later moving to set up communes in Bournemouth and Stroud. There were sister Hapt communes in Holland, Argentina, Belgium and Switzerland. Hapt promoted a DIY culture synonymous with their commune lifestyle, encouraging writing from their readership and sharing knowledge about their means of production through a comprehensive description of the screen print making process. —————————- Resistance – Committee of 100 bulletin – Vol 3 No.4 Apr & 9 Dec 1966 & Vol 4. No 2 June 1967 In 1960, in response to the increasing sense of frustration over the limitations of tactics used by such groups as the Campaign Against Nuclear Disarmament, anti-war activists led by Bertrand Russell launched the Committee of 100. This more militant organisation sought to step up resistance to the UK government policy on weapons of mass destruction by calling for and engaging in mass non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, such as large sit-down demonstrations. In 1962 the group re-launched itself on a decentralised basis, made up by 13 regional Committees organising actions in London and at military bases across the country. Resistance was a bulletin published by the Resistance Working Group in Birmingham and London. It provided information and updates about the movement to the Committee's membership and other related anti-war groups. —————————- King Mob Echo – Issue 1, April 1968. King Mob emerged out of a coming together of members of the English section of the Situationist International and a network of London based cultural radicals in 1968. It went on to become a short-lived but influential radical group that engaged in subversive actions often involving carnivalesque, Dada-esque costumes and humour, such as infiltrating Selfridges at Christmas time dressed up as Santa, handing out the store's toys as 'presents' to children, which resulted in the spectacle of store employees and police desperately snatching toys out of crying children's hands. The group announced their actions through hand-distributed leaflets and word of mouth and between 1968 and 1970 published 5 issues (issue 4 was never published) of King Mob, a glued-together magazine. The first issue, King Mob Echo, included a translation of part of Raoul Vaneigem's 'The Revolution of Daily Life'.

We have to start off this preface by congratulating the IPB for its achievement. It has been positioned in the top 50 best Higher Education Institutions in the area of Food Technology and Science by the renowned Shanghai ranking. For 4 years in a row the IPB has been considered the best Polytechnic Institute in Portugal by the U-Multirank. Therefore, we have to take our hat off to the IPB. It goes without saying that our compliment is also addressed to the authors, reviewers and everyone who made this publication possible. This is now the 6th number of Teaching Crossroads which started in 2012 when we came up with the idea of publishing research work presented in the Erasmus Weeks endorsed by the IPB. Since then we have had over 40 articles published and over 6,000 downloads. Actually, the top five countries doing downloads include France, Germany, Sweden, The Netherlands and the USA. We aim to reach not only other researchers but also students who can find relevant information in the articles for their areas of study. Not only do we have a clear, well-structured publication to make it more appealing to the reader, but also we look for interesting and in-depth discussions, ideas and projects to promote serious research work developed in Europe. This has been our main motto since we started. This year's publication includes the areas of Economy and Management, Health, Mathematics, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. In conjunction with this, as in the three last previous numbers, we have included the specific area on International mobility, Intensive Programmes and Erasmus+. To entice you to read these informative and thoughtful articles, we highlight some of the main ideas that the authors delved into in their research works. Marcin Bogdanski's research focuses on regional development in Poland. The study covers the period between 2000 and 2014 throughout which the author analysed the level of economic development in Polish provinces. Moreover, the author reflects on the ineffectiveness of EU cohesion policy aiming at economic convergence within the EU member countries. Malgorzata Okreglicka presents a study which analyses the selected aspects in the area of current assets management, such as trade credit and inventories, in a varied and large number of Polish enterprises. The statistical work developed is of considerable advantage as it will allow a comparison between the diverse values obtained among the different companies and therefore this reveals crucial for the improvement of management methods and tools. Elzbieta Broniewicz compares environmental protection costs and revenues in Portugal and Poland bearing in mind the domains of environmental protection and economic sectors. Detailed and accurate survey results are shown and by doing so the author calls our attention to the importance of environmental protection and the need for government expenditure in this specific field. This study also illustrates how the world economy influences government expenditure in environmental protection both in Portugal and Poland which has been decreasing over the last three years. Juan Antonio Torrénts Arévalo's study is rather valuable as it indicates a guideline about strategy management useful for any company. The author presents and describes several strategic methods, e.g. SWOT and Porter, and all the process linked to them, namely the definition of objectives, the analysis of the competitive environment and the internal organisation of companies, just to name a few. This study also focuses on the performance of Spanish economy in 2011. Robert Florkowski focuses on the person-centred approach and rehabilitation. The crux of the study is the comparison between two main paradigms regarding health rehabilitation, the medical and Rogerian paradigms, highlighting differences and control skirmishes between them and other scientific patterns. The author also provides his own professional accounts in the field of physiotherapy, clinical psychology and psychotherapy as a significant supplement to his study. Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has explores the topic of fertility in males. The author provides scientific data resulting from experiments performed in rats treated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These substances proved to confirm they alter endogenous hormones causing thus major influences on the estrogen–androgen imbalance in the male reproductive system. F.T. Pachón-García and A. Berenguer-García present a study carried out in secondary schools with the purpose of checking students' mathematical skills at this level of education. The procedure chosen to conduct the study was based on mathematical tests whose results were then compared with national data and analysed. Taking into account the results obtained the authors present some innovative solutions to improve deficiencies that students have had in specific mathematical areas. Alexandre Pereira presents a study which is part of his doctoral thesis. This article introduces the topic of soft matter highlighting its use and behaviour. The study focuses mainly on a Polymer called Ionic Polymer Metal Composite. Mariana-Rodica Milici and Laurentiu-Dan Milici study the conditions, consequences and practical applications of the resonance phenomenon. Focusing on the RLC series circuit under sinusoidal steady state, the authors provide valuable explanations and warnings regarding the resonance condition and applications of this phenomenon. Cristina Mesquita briefly describes the Expeducom project, financed under Erasmus+ K2, in which she participated in representation of the IPB. This was a joint project between 7 European Higher Education Institutions with the aim of developing and implementing innovative pedagogical practices related to experiential learning in the kindergarten and primary school context. Appetizers served, we do hope you enjoy your reading and, most of all, you find it useful in your academic life. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Perjanjian FIR (Flight Information Region) merupakan bagian dari RANS (Route AirNavigation Services) bagi penerbangan sipil internasionaldi atas ruang udara di Kepulauan Natuna dan Riau terjadi pada tahun 1946. Pada saat itu Indonesia di wakili oleh Pemerintah Belanda sedangkan Malaysia (Singapura masih bagian dari Malaysia) di wakili oleh Inggris. Perjanjian ini telah beberapa kali diperbaharui dan pada tahun 1973, disepakati bahwa di atas ketinggian 20.000 kaki dari permukaan laut dikelola oleh negara Singapura dan Di atas ketinggian dibawah 20.000 kaki dari permukaan laut dikelola oleh negara Malaysia. Terakhir perjanjian diperbaharui tahun 1997. Indonesia dengan alasan asas rebus sic stantibus dan kedaulatan negara,ingin wilayah ruang udara di atas kepulauan Natuna dan Riau dilayani oleh FIR dari Indonesia, dengan alasan bahwa wilayah tersebut adalah wilayah teritorial Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif, yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder sebagai bahan dasar untuk diteliti yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterkaitan perjanjian internasional FIR Flight Information Region) merupakan bagian dari RANS (Route AirNavigation Services) bagi penerbangan sipil internasional yang banyak melibatkan para pihak dan aspek-aspek teknologi khususnya navigasi. Perubahan penambahan wilayah teritorial Indonesia, bukan merupakan perubahan suksesi. Perkembangancyberspace (ruang siber) tanpa dibatasi oleh batas wilayah (borderless) atau bahkan lintas negara (transnasional). Ruang siber tidak dapat ditaklukkan sendiri oleh satu negara, maka kerjasama di antara negara-negara adalah suatu keniscayaan dan keharusantanpa harus meruntuhkan nilai-nilai kedaulatan sendiri. Pada hakekatnya kedaulatan harus dimiliki oleh setiap negara. Negara harus memiliki wilayah, rakyat, pemerintah berdaulat dan mendapat pengakuan dari negara lain. Jean Bodin dalam bukunya six books concerning on the state mengatakan bahwa Kedaulatan dalam arti kata kekuasaan. Pengertian secara luas kedaulatan adalah menjalankan kewenangan tertinggi atas suatu wilayah atau sekelompok orang. Sifat dasar kedaulatan adalah permanen,asli, bulat dan tidak terbatas. Artinya kedaulatan itu tetap selama negara ada, tidak dapat dibagi-bagi dan tidak dapat dibatasi oleh siapapun. Sebagai suatu negara, Indonesia harus mampu memelihara kedaulatan teritorial, hukum, politik, ruang udara dan ruang angkasa. Sebagai negara kepulauan dan Konstelasi geografi[1]1 Indonesia memiliki kedaulatan udara yang sangat luas membentang sepanjang 5.110 km. Karena terletak diantara dua benua dan dua samudera Indonesia menjadi jalur perlintasan transportasi udara internasional.Kepadatan lalulintas udara di kawasan ini menjadi sangat konpleks, mengingat topografi yang didominasi perairan dan gugusan pulau-pulau kecil. Hal ini memerlukan manajemen yang rumit dan biaya besar. Demi menghilang sekat-sekat diantara pulau-pulau Indonesia, 13 Desember 1957 dikeluarkan Deklarasi Djuanda yang menetapkan suatu rezim penarikan garis pantai dengan systemstraight baseline from point to point yang menghubungkan pulau terluar dengan pulau terluar Deklarasi Djuanda[1]ini disyahkan melalui Undng-Undang Nomoor 4/ PRT / 1960 tentang Perairan Indonesia. Dikenal dengan konsepsi kewilayahan Wawasan Nusantara.Setelah berjuang lama di dunia internasional, akhirnya konsep wawasan nusantara ini di terima dalam UNCLOS (United Nation Comferention on The Law of The Sea) III tahun 1982. Program pengamatan dan pengawasan[1] perairan berbeda dengan daratan. Untuk mengawasi ruang udara di gugusan pulau terpencil, biasanya dipasangi radar, namum radar ini tidak dapat beroperasi 24 jam dan dayanya cepat menurun. Dengan kondisi ini banyak ruang-ruang udara Indonesia dalam kondisi berlubang (security holes) artinya di kawasan security hole ini pihak Indonesia tidak bisa mengawasi lalulintas transfortasi udara seperti ruang udara di atas kepulauan Riau dan Natuna dan sekitarnya. Lebih parahnya lagi kawasan ini merupakan jalur penerbangan pesawat dari Singapura dan Malaysia menuju Australia dan sebaliknya. Kekosongan pengawasan FIR Indonesia di ruang udara ini, tidak saja mengkuatirkan pemerintah Indonesia, juga pemerintah Malaysia dan Singapura. Maka pada tahun1973 diadakan perjanjian RAN[1] I ( Regional Aviation Navigation ) antara Pemerintah RI dengan pemerintah Singapura dan Malaysia .Intinya pengawasan ruang udara di atas kepulauan Riau dan Natuna dan sekitarnya ditangani atau diawasi FIR pemerintah Singapura dan Malaysia agar kawasan tersebut diminimalkan dari pelanggaran dan acaman udara. Sebelum tahun 1982, peraiaran di sekitar kepulauan Riau dan Natuna adalah perairan internasional, tetapi setelah ditandatangani konvensi Hukum Laut Internasional UNCLOS ( United Nation Convention Law 0n Sea )[1] ketiga tahun 1982, perairan di sekitar kepulauan Riau dan Natuna tersebut masuk dan menjadi perairan Indonesia. Secara otomatis pengawasan ruang udara di kawasan itu menjadi wilayah kedaulatan pemerintah Indonesia. Tahun 1983[1] pemerintah Indonesia berusaha untuk mengembalikan pengawasan ruang udara di atas dengan mengadakan perjanjian RAN II di Singapura, tetapi tidak berhasil. Pemerintah Singapura berargumentasi bahwa Indonesia belum mampu untuk mengelola dan melayani FIR di atas kawasan tersebut karena teknologi, organisasi dan sumber daya manusia yang belum memadai.Pada tahun 1993 dengan di fasilitasi ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organazation) diadakan perjanjian RAN III. Tetapi dalam kesimpulannya dianjurkan bahwa persoalan pengelolaan FIR ruang udara di atas kepulauan Riau dan Natuna harus dibahas secara bilateral antara pemerintah RI dan pemerintah Singapura. Kemudian Perjuangan belum selesai, pada tanggal 21 september 1995disepakati perjanjian pengalihan batas FIR Singapura ke FIR Indonesia tercantum dalam Agreement between Goverment of the Republic of Singapura onthe Realignment of the Boundary Between the SingapureFlight Information Region and theJakarta Flight InformationRegion. Kemudian perjanjian ini diratifikasi dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 7 tahun 1996. Walaupun hasilnya tidak tuntas, namun merupakan kemajuan di bidang diplomasi Singapura mau di ajak berunding. 10 Mei 1996 kembali pemerintah Indonesia dan Singapura menandatangani Surat Bersama /Joint of Letter yang berisikan perubahan pengelolaan FIR Jakarta dan FIR Singapura. kemudian Joint of Letter tersebut disampaikan ke ICAO sebagai organisasi penerbangan sipil internasional untuk dilaksanakan. Tetapipihak Malaysia keberatan jika hak pengelola FIR Malaysia dikembalikan ke Indonesia karena perjanjian Joint of Letter di atas tidak melibatkan pihak Malaysia. Kata kunci : FIR, RANS, ciber space dan kerjasama.

En la presente investigación se plantearon las bases para la elaboración de un catastro rural multiutilitario, con el fin de contribuir a definir la vocación del uso de las tierras, como herramientas clave en el proceso de planificación de cuencas. Para ello, se tomó como área de estudio la microcuenca del río Venegara, municipio Jáuregui (Táchira, Venezuela). Para cumplir tal fin, se examinaron los fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos y jurídicos de la planificación de cuencas, el catastro rural multiutilitario y la evaluación de tierras y analizar su relación; de igual manera, se determinaron algunos los componentes del catastro rural, como el físico, mediante la recopilacion e inventario de la información cartográfica básica, del cual se generó el deslinde y codiciación municipal y parroquial, de los sectores y subsectores, luego se realizó el muestreo predial, donde se aplicó la ficha catastral multiutilitaria, todo ello en consonancia con las normas, procedimientos y especificaciones técnicas establecidas por el Instituto Geográfico de Venezuela Simón Bolívar (IGVSB), el social mediante la inclusión de los elementos socio- territoriales, obtenidos de la búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes instituciones y organizaciones comunales, con la finalidad de analizar los usos de la tierra bajo el enfoque formal siguiendo el esquema FAO (1.974) y la leyenda de la Unión Geográfica Internacional (UGI), y el ambiental, recopilando la información cartográfica y descriptiva referida a los elementos físico-naturales, con el fin de establecer la base para delimitar Unidades de Tierra (UT), las cuales, sirvieron para determinar las Aptitudes y la implementación de usos de la tierra aptos. Estos componentes sirvieron de base para el análisis de la evaluación de tierras y determinación de la vocación de uso, siguiendo lo establecido en el Decreto con Rango y Fuerza de Ley de Tierras y Desarrollo Agrario (2.001) y en el Reglamento Parcial del Decreto con Rango y Fuerza de Ley de Tierras y Desarrollo Agrario para la Determinación de la Vocación de Uso de la Tierra (2005). Como resultado se obtuvo que el catastro rural multiutilitario aportó no solo información para la planificación y gestión en el municipio, sino que además contribuyó junto a la vocación de uso de la tierra, generar el inventario físico-natural, socioeconómico y agroecológico, que permiten formular las estrategias para la implementación de un plan de manejo integral de cuencas y posteriormente a la ordenación del territorio. Ambas herramientas están estrechamente vinculadas con la planificación y gestión de los recursos en un territorio permitiendo la implementación de políticas públicas que conlleven a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes, y el desarrollo sostenible en el tiempo. Por último, sería conveniente compartir la metodología empleada en este estudio con las diferentes instituciones gubernamentales, con el fin de demostrar que ambas herramientas contribuyen a solventar dos carencias existentes en el país, en relación a la formación del catastro rural y a la determinación de la vocación de uso de las tierras rurales. ; In this research the basis for the development of a rural land multiutilitario, in order to help define the vocation of land use, as key tools in the watershed planning process were raised. To do this, it was taken as the watershed study area of Venegara river, municipality Jauregui (Tachira, Venezuela). To meet this end, the theoretical, methodological and legal basis for watershed planning, the multiutilitario rural cadastre and land evaluation were reviewed and analyzed their relationship; likewise, some components of rural land, such as physical, were determined by collecting and inventory of basic mapping information, which the survey and municipal and parish, codiciación sectors and subsectors was generated, then made the farm sampling, where the cadastral record multiutilitaria applied, all in keeping with the standards, procedures and technical specifications established by the Geographic Institute of Venezuela Simon Bolivar (IGVSB) social by including socio- territorial elements obtained from the literature search in different institutions and community organizations, in order to analyze land use under the formal approach following the FAO (1.974) scheme and legend International Geographical Union (IGU), and environmental, compiling cartographic information and descriptive referred to the physical and natural elements, in order to establish the basis for delimiting Land Units (UT ), which served to determine the skills and the implementation of suitable land uses. These components were the basis for the analysis of land evaluation and determination of the vocation of use, following the provisions of the Decree with Rank and Force of Law on Land and Agricultural Development (2.001) and the Partial Regulation of Decree with Rank Force of Law on Land and Agricultural Development for the Determination of Vocation Land Use (2005). As a result was obtained that the rural cadastre multiutilitario provided not only information for planning and management in the municipality, but also helped with the vocation of land use, generate the physical - natural, socio-economic and agro-ecological inventory, which allow to formulate strategies for the implementation of a plan of integrated watershed management and later to regional planning. Both tools are closely linked planning and management of resources in a territory allowing the implementation of public policies conducive to improving the quality of life of the inhabitants, and sustainable development over time. Finally, it would be desirable to share the methodology used in this study with different government institutions, in order to show that both tools help solve two existing gaps in the country, in relation to the formation of rural land and the determination of vocation use of rural land. ; 101-103 ; Semestral

Since the identification of the virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1976, the total number of persons suffered from the Ebola outbreak, is 24,282 people by February 2015, including 9,976 recorded lethal cases. In August 2014, the Director-General of the World Health Organization had decided to declare the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus as an emergency in the field of public healthcare, which has an international importance. Existing risk requires a higher level of readiness of personnel in the medical organizations of the region to take measures on localization and elimination of the possible epidemic focus of the disease. Despite the fact that the sanitary and epidemiological measures, which should be implemented at the national and regional levels, are defined by the guidelines «Organization and carrying out primary antiepidemic measures in case of detecting an ill person (corps) with suspected infectious diseases that cause emergencies in the field of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population», healthcare workers make an assumption on the need of their provision with the algorithms of carrying out primary antiepidemic measures. To increase the readiness of the personnel for work in an epidemic focus, there are prepared the algorithms of carrying out antiepidemic measures in case of detecting an ill person (corps) by the level of responsibility of the medical staff (doctor, head of the department, nurse, charge nurse, head physician, deputy chief clinical director). Standardized forms used in antiepidemic work were worked out. There had been identified the quantity of information data to be transfer to the head of medical organization when an infectious disease, that causes an emergency in the field of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing, is detected. Developed documents were gathered in the integrated folder, their storage is organized in stuffrooms, nurses stations and on workplaces of employees of the administrative services. Conclusions. The subsequent control showed that the specialists of medical organizations in the presence of a set of working materials for the work in an epidemic focus determine the list of antiepidemic measures on localization of epidemic focus and the sequence of their execution without difficulties. ; С момента выявления в 1976 году вируса в Демократической Республике Конго общее число лиц, пострадавших от вспышки лихорадки Эбола, на февраль 2015 года составляет 24 282 человека, в том числе зафиксировано 9976 летальных случаев. В августе 2014 года генеральным директором Всемирной организации здравоохранения было принято решение объявить вспышку геморрагической лихорадки, вызванной вирусом Эбола, чрезвычайной ситуацией в области общественного здравоохранения, имеющей международное значение. Существующая опасность требует повышения уровня готовности персонала в медицинских организациях области к принятию мер по локализации и ликвидации возможного эпидемического очага заболевания. Несмотря на то, что санитарно-эпидемиологические мероприятия, предусмотренные к исполнению на национальном и региональном уровнях, определены методическими указаниями «Организация и проведение первичных противоэпидемических мероприятий в случаях выявления больного (трупа), подозрительного на заболевания инфекционными болезнями, вызывающими чрезвычайные ситуации в области санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения», медицинские работники высказывают предложения о необходимости их обеспечения алгоритмами проведения первичных противоэпидемических мероприятий. Для повышения готовности персонала к работе в эпидемическом очаге подготовлены алгоритмы проведения противоэпидемических мероприятий в случае выявления больного (трупа) по уровню ответственности медицинского персонала (врач, заведующий отделением, медицинская сестра, старшая медицинская сестра отделения, главный врач, заместитель главного врача по лечебной работе). Разработаны унифицированные формы бланков, используемых в противоэпидемической работе. Определен объем информации, подлежащий передаче руководителю медицинской организации в случае регистрации инфекционного заболевания, вызывающего чрезвычайную ситуацию в области санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия. Разработанные документы были скомплектованы в единую папку, их хранение организовано в ординаторских, сестринских и на рабочих местах сотрудников административно-хозяйственной службы. Выводы. Последующий контроль показал, что специалисты медицинских организаций при наличии комплекта материалов для работы в эпидемическом очаге без затруднений определяют перечень противоэпидемических мероприятий по локализации эпидемического очага и последовательность их исполнения. ; З моменту виявлення в 1976 році вірусу в Демократичній Республіці Конго загальне число осіб, які постраждали від спалаху лихоманки Ебола, на лютий 2015 р. становить 24 282 особи, у тому числі зафіксовано 9976 летальних випадків. У серпні 2014 р. генеральним директором Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров'я було прийнято рішення оголосити спалах геморагічної лихоманки, викликаної вірусом Ебола, надзвичайною ситуацією у сфері охорони здоров'я, що має міжнародне значення. Існуюча небезпека вимагає підвищення рівня готовності персоналу в медичних організаціях області до вживання заходів щодо локалізації та ліквідації можливого епідемічного вогнища захворювання. Незважаючи на те, що санітарно-епідеміологічні заходи, передбачені до виконання на національному та регіональному рівнях, визначені методичними вказівками «Організація та проведення первинних протиепідемічних заходів у випадках виявлення хворого (трупа), підозрілого на захворювання інфекційними хворобами, що викликають надзвичайні ситуації в галузі санітарно-епідеміологічного благополуччя населення», медичні працівники висловлюють пропозиції щодо необхідності їх забезпечення алгоритмами проведення первинних протиепідемічних заходів. Для підвищення готовності персоналу до роботи в епідемічному вогнищі підготовлені алгоритми проведення протиепідемічних заходів у разі виявлення хворого (трупа) за рівнем відповідальності медичного персоналу (лікар, завідуючий відділенням, медична сестра, старша медична сестра відділення, головний лікар, заступник головного лікаря з лікувальної роботи). Розроблено уніфіковані форми бланків, що використовуються в протиепідемічній роботі. Визначено обсяг інформації, що підлягає передачі керівнику медичної організації в разі реєстрації інфекційного захворювання, що викликає надзвичайну ситуацію в галузі санітарно-епідеміологічного благополуччя. Розроблені документи були скомплектовані в єдину папку, їх зберігання організовано в ординаторських, сестринських і на робочих місцях співробітників адміністративно-господарської служби. Висновки. Наступний контроль показав, що фахівці медичних організацій при наявності комплекту матеріалів для роботи в епідемічному вогнищі без утруднень визначають перелік протиепідемічних заходів щодо локалізації епідемічного вогнища і послідовність їх виконання.

This article is the text read at the presentation of the book Le Biblioteche di Luigi Crocetti, saggi, recensioni, paperoles (The Libraries of Luigi Crocetti, essays, reviews, paperoles), AIB, 2014, edited by Laura Desideri and Alberto Petrucciani.Luigi Crocetti (died in 2007) was one of the most eminent personalities in the Italian library world of the last fifty years. Some of the most significant milestones of his career are: Director of the Laboratory of Restoration at The National Central Library in Florence, after the flood of the Arno river in 1966; Director of the Library and Archives Department of the Tuscany regional government; President of the Italian Library Association (AIB), Director of the Gabinetto G.P. Vieusseux. Crocetti was also leader of, or influential partner in, the major projects and programs developed in Italy during his professional life, including: the DDC 20 Italian Edition, the project SBN (the Italian Library Network), Editor of the journal Biblioteche Oggi , as well as collaborator in various journals and publishing activities. The numerous writings of Luigi Crocetti, published throughout his professional life, register punctually the evolution of libraries and librarian profession in times of major technological, cultural and social changes. Nevertheless Crocetti's writings are not only an historical record of a perceptive (and committed) observer; they also constitute a collection of profound reflections and inspiring input for further discussion on the role of libraries and of culture in the society. Gifted with uncommon erudition, Crocetti shows an extraordinary ability to interpret the current reality and for see the future with a remarkable farsightedness. His writings touch on all aspects of the profession, from book preservation and restoration to public libraries, from cataloguing and indexing to library cooperation and networking, from national libraries, archives and museums, to user services. It is quite evident that Crocetti is aiming to an audience far beyond librarians, to include policy makers, managers, intellectuals and all those who have contact with libraries; in a final analysis he addresses to all citizens, being convinced that "culture is for everyone" and that "libraries must by their nature be deeply immersed in the overall cultural flow". Innovation and renovation of the professional mentality are recurrent themes in the writings of Crocetti. The Author - fully aware of the international debate and attentive to technological change - identified in the progressive loss of contact between libraries and cultural tradition one of the weak points of the Italian librarianship. According to his view, this situation emphasized the 'bureaucratization' of libraries and librarians, which is a major cause of the erosion of their intellectual function. "The Italian librarianship - notes bitterly Crocetti - is rich in the past and poor in tradition". It is a controversial issue, like many others (too often passed over by the professional debate) highlighted by Crocetti in his writing with clarity and equilibrium, like the true intellectual he was, able to rise above the interests of their own sector, but also capable of representing the aspiration to renew the librarian profession in the global dimension of our times. ; Il testo di questo articolo è stato letto dall'autore in occasione della presentazione del libro "Le Biblioteche di Luigi Crocetti, saggi, recensioni, paperoles". 2014. A cura di Laura Desideri e Alberto Petrucciani. Roma: Associazione Italiana Biblioteche.Luigi Crocetti (scomparso nel 2007) è stata una delle personalità più eminenti della biblioteconomia italiana negli ultimi cinquant'anni, durante i quali ha ricoperto importanti cariche quali: direttore del lavoratorio di restauro della Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, dopo l'alluvione dell'Arno nel 1966; direttore del Dipartimento Archivi e Biblioteche della Regione Toscana; presidente dell'Associazioene Italiana Biblioteche, direttore del Gabinetto G.P. Viesseux.Crocetti è stato inoltre coinvolto in progetti ed iniziative sviluppatisi in Italia nel corso della sua carriera professionale: l'edizione italiana della CDD 20, il progetto SBN, la rivista Biblioteche Oggi, di cui fu editor, e altre collaborazioni editoriali. I numerosi scritti di Luigi Crocetti, pubblicati nel corso della sua vita professionale, registrano puntualmente l'evoluzione delle biblioteche e della professione bibliotecaria in un periodo di cambiamenti tecnologici, culturali e sociali. Ciò nondimeno, gli scritti di Crocetti non sono solo la registrazione storica di un osservatore perspicace e impegnato; essi costituiscono anche una raccolta di riflessioni profonde e di suggerimenti per incoraggiare la discussione sul ruolo delle biblioteche e della cultura nella società. Dotato di erudizione non comune, Crocetti mostra una capacità straordinaria di interpretare la realtà attuale e di guardare al futuro con lungimiranza. I suoi scritti toccano tutti gli aspetti della professione, dalla conservazione e restauro del materiale librario alle biblioteche pubbliche, dalla catalogazione e indicizzazione alla cooperazione bibliotecaria, dalle biblioteche nazionali agli archivi, ai musei, fino ai servizi all'utente. E' chiaro che Crocetti si rivolge a un pubblico ampio, non limitato ai bibliotecari, ma aperto invece a politici, manager, intellettuali e chiunque abbia un interesse nelle biblioteche; in un'analisi conclusiva si rivolge a tutti i cittadini, nella convinzione che "la cultura è per tutti" e che "le biblioteche, per loro natura, devono essere immerse nel ciclo culturale". Innovazione e rinnovamento della mentalità professionale sono temi ricorrenti negli scritti di Crocetti. L'autore - consapevole del dibattito internazionale e attento alle innovazioni tecnologiche - identifica uno dei punti deboli della biblioteconomia italiana nella progressiva perdita di contatto tra le biblioteche e la tradizione culturale. "La biblioteconomia italiana - fa notare amaramente Crocetti - è ricca nei fasti passati e povera in tradizione". Il tema è controverso, come molti altri (troppo spesso ignorati dal dibattito professionale) sottolineati da Crocetti nei sui scritti con chiarezza ed equilibrio, da intellettuale quale egli era, capace di essere superiore al mero interesse di settore, e capace allo stesso tempo di rappresentare l'aspirazione al rinnovamento della professione bibliotecaria nella dimensione globale dei nostri tempi.

The absence of clear state development programs that ensure the welfare, poverty reduction, conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environment and most disastrous state of the environmental situation almost the entire territory of Ukraine hinders the implementation of effective technologies in agriculture and industry. An important issue is the orientation of the historically obsolete laborers , not to spivvlasnytstvo in social and industrial relations. Because of the mistreatment of education, science and national culture in the socio- economic component of the state and, consequently , low levels of education , culture (especially political) society Ukrainian society today is undergoing profound political crisis. It is also caused by the lack of political will of the government in the implementation of the Constitution of Ukraine declared the principles of democracy , freedom, humanism and democracy. High levels of crime and corruption , which leads to the steady deepening of the gap between the poverty of the majority of the population and prosperity of the oligarchic elite, and this leads to instability in the society.Study of internal processes taking place in Ukraine and those in which it is involved by interacting with other countries suggests that organizational resource authorities and civil society in Ukraine is not formed completely. Although the development of civil society in our country has accelerated rapidly due to the improvement of its structures and external factors , but it needs to adapt to the new challenges of globalization . Due to the fact that the Ukrainian ruling elite has not acquired its own shape and structure of the final she was not ready to function in the realities of a globalized world. Domestic tasks, and with them the extra vector require review and clarification. In the absence of a ruling elite of Ukraine 's strategic thinking and understanding of global patterns of modern society, the state and its people to a large extent affected by the negative effects of globalization transformation processes. Sustainable development as a separate country and svitosystemy is impossible without a certain level of political management . Management of sustainable development at the national level should take place with the use of political opportunities that have a modern nation-states . Principle of sustainable use of resources is not straightforward. Excess resources in most cases relative . Basically, it belongs to the material resources of space and resources . Unlike the past, today's world resource surplus more differentiated and resource deficit increases ( energy ). Thus appears the problem of resource balance of each state. In most states it is characterized by balance, when one type of resource deficit is compensated by others. If you can not compensate - shows resource imbalance - temporary or permanent . However, given the changes in the international world of space, and given the internal politics of the state, it is necessary to adjust some elements of the program.Study of internal processes taking place in Ukraine and those in which it is involved cooperating with other countries suggests that organizational resource authorities and civil society in Ukraine is not formed completely. Although the development of civil society in our country has accelerated rapidly due to the improvement of its structure , but it needs to adapt to the new challenges of globalization . Due to the fact that the Ukrainian ruling elite has not acquired its own shape and structure of the final she was not ready to function in the realities of a globalized world [ lomko5 ]. Domestic tasks, and with them the extra vector require review and clarification. In the absence of a ruling elite of Ukraine 's strategic thinking and understanding of global patterns of modern society, the state and its people to a large extent affected by the negative effects of globalization. Given the political situation in the country during the formation of a new global configuration of ¬ , socio -economic and political development of the country should focus on the mental , cultural, psychological , social and political forms of identification community, thereby increasing the requirements for the competence and professionalism , ness productivity and effectiveness as a powerful resource of nation-building .Due to the need for strategic planning development of the state , a strategy for national defense and security, economic cooperation with neighboring countries , regional organizations , as well as the interests of ensuring internal stability requirement is brewing in their own geo-political identity. ; Несформулированость четких программ развития государства, обеспечивающих рост благосостояния, уменьшения бедности, сохранение и реабилитацию природных ресурсов и окружающей среды и преимущественно катастрофическое состояние экологи-ческой ситуации практически на всей территории Украины тормозит внедрение эффективных технологий в сельском хозяйстве и промышленности. Из-за не подобающего отношения к образованию, науке, национальной культуры в социально-экономическом составляющей государства и, как следствие, низкий уровень образованности, культуры (прежде всего политической) общества украинское общество сегодня переживает глубокий политический кризис. Он еще и обусловлен отсутствием политической воли государственной власти в реализации задекларированных в Конституции Украины принципов демократии, свободы, гуманизма, народовластия. Высокий уровень преступности и коррупции, что приводит беспрерывное углубление пропасти между нищетой подавляющего большинства населения и зажиточности олигархической верхушки, а это приводит к нестабильности в обществе. ; Несформульованість чітких програм розвитку держави, які б забезпечували зростання добробуту, зменшення бідності, збереження та реабілітацію природних ресурсів і довкілля і переважно катастрофічний стан екологічної ситуації практично на всій території України гальмує впровадження ефективних технологій у сільському господарстві і промисловості. Через неналежне ставлення до освіти, науки, національної культури в соціально-економічному складовій держави і, як наслідок, низький рівень освіченості, культури (передусім політичної) суспільства українське суспільство сьогодні переживає глибоку політичну кризу. Вона ще й зумовлена відсутністю політичної волі державної влади в реалізації задекларованих у Конституції України принципів демократії, свободи, гуманізму, народовладдя. Високий рівень злочинності і корупції, що зумовлює невпинне поглиблення прірви між злиденністю переважної більшості населення і заможністю олігархічної верхівки, а це призводить до нестабільності в суспільстві.

El Ecuador siendo país productor le ha llevado a ocupar una destacada participación en el ámbito internacional, debido a la forma de gerenciar unidades y líneas de producción a nivel provincial y local, habiendo recibido menciones que hablan de la calidad de sus productos agrícolas; así como también de las condiciones climáticas, geográficas y edáficas donde se realzan estos cultivos y que no las tienen otros países, constituyéndose en ventajas comparativas y competitivas. En el centro del país, región interandina, caracterizada por sus productos propios de la zona fría, como papas, fréjol, maíz, legumbres, etc. La Provincia Bolívar posee variedad de productos rentables y nutricionales de gran demanda para con el resto de provincias, donde exporta e intercambia sus productos, recibiendo el calificativo del granero del país, por la diversidad de unidades de producción sembradas en diferentes sectores, parroquias y comunidades, que por falta de diferentes recursos como vialidad, deficiente gestión gubernamental, desinterés dirigencial, han causado el conformismo productivo en diversas comunidades, donde no cuentan con los recursos de superación productiva, ya sea por medio de instituciones públicas y privadas, ONG's. etc. Que no han hecho nada por orientar a la utilización de la agricultura, no solo como un medio de ingresos económicos, sino también como un medio para mejorar su calidad de vida en el aspecto alimenticio, nutricional. etc. En la Comunidad de Pucará se registra la falta de atención por parte de estas instituciones encargadas del asesoramiento técnico, divulgación y concienciación para un mejoramiento en las unidades de producción. Además de la despreocupación por parte de la dirigencia de la comunidad por buscar mejorar las vías de acceso que optimicen la salida de productos al mercado o zonas aledañas y perfeccionen el rendimiento de sus cosechas, poniendo en práctica el buen vivir, es decir, en armonía con el ambiente de modo equitativo con los recursos naturales. Con la investigación realizada en la Comunidad de Pucará se pretende concienciar a los habitantes sobre el manejo de sus cultivos aplicando medidas alternativas encaminadas a recuperar su productividad, mermando los cultivos tradicionales y monocultivos, con el uso de nuevas técnicas de producción, se espera realizar una zonificación planificada de cultivos y de no disponer de políticas agrícolas determinantes por parte de gobiernos seccionales y contando tan solo con el esfuerzo y empeño de los pujantes agricultores comuneros. Los resultados que se obtuvieron con la investigación, fue obtener comuneros pensantes, reflexivos, conscientes y realistas de las consecuencias que conllevan los cultivos tradicionales, mismos que se han venido llevando a cabo por años, sin llegar al deseo de superación económica y productiva. Estos resultados se lograron mediante visitas de campo, asesoramiento técnico personalizado, charlas contínuas, prácticas in-situ, reuniones y mingas alternativas de mejoramiento en unidades de producción, utilización de semilla certificada, labores agrícolas con material técnico. Por ello se crea la necesidad de gerenciar las unidades de producción agrícola en la comunidad de Pucará, como un ejemplo a seguir. ; Ecuador being the producer country has led him to take a leading role in the international arena, because of the way of managing units and production lines to provincial and local levels, having received indications that speak of the quality of agricultural products; as well as climatic, geographic and soil conditions where these crops are enhanced and that other countries have not, constituting comparative and competitive advantages. In the center of the country, inter-Andean region, characterized by its own products of the cold area such as potatoes, beans, corn, beans, etc. Bolivar Province has variety of profitable and nutritional products in great demand for the other provinces, which it exports its products and exchanges, receiving the qualification of the country's breadbasket, the diversity of production units planted in different sectors, parishes and communities which for lack of different resources such as roads, poor governance, dirigencial disinterest, they have caused the production conformism in various communities, which lack the resources productive improvement, either through public and private institutions, NGOs. etc. They have done nothing to guide the use of agriculture not only as a means of income, but also as a means to improve their quality of life in the food, nutritional aspect. etc. In the Commonwealth of Pucara inattention by these institutions responsible for technical advice, outreach and awareness to an improvement in production units is recorded. In addition to carelessness on the part of the leadership of the community to seek to improve the access roads to optimize the output of goods to market or surrounding areas and refine the performance of their crops, putting into practice the good life, that is, in harmony environmentally equitably with natural resources. With research in the Community of Pucara is to raise awareness among people about managing their crops using alternative measures to recover their productivity, eroding traditional crops and monocultures, using new production techniques, it is expected to perform a planned crops and agricultural determinants have no policies by regional governments and counting only with the effort and commitment of farmers thriving communal zoning. The results obtained with the investigation was to obtain thinking, thoughtful, realistic and aware of the consequences that involve traditional, same crops that have been taking place for years without reaching the desire to overcome economic and productive community members. These results were achieved through field visits, personalized technical advice, continuous lectures, on-site practices, meetings and alternatives mingas improvement in production units, use of certified seed, farming with technical material. Hence the need to manage agricultural production units in the community of Pucara, as a role model is created.

Objective. To study social and philosophical aspects of Russian language presence in ethnocultural space of Ukraine. Methods. Dialectical approach to cognition of socio-philosophic reality and objective view on socio-political events of today make the theoretical and methodological basis of the article. Taking it into account the author bases the research on general scientific and theoretic methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, analogy, observation, description etc. There is a range of certain philosophic and interdisciplinary methods: induction and deduction, comparative and historic, problematic-chronologic, statistic and analytical methods. All that enables to avoid schematism and subjectivism, to consider the problem in different ways. Results. The author of the research makes the following conclusions: the phenomenon of the Russian language in ethnocultural space of Ukraine is determined by a number of historical, political and economic factors which have been formed for many years; at the first stages of Ukrainian history the Russian language was introduced by administrative methods, but nowadays it acts as a self-functioning organism; Russian de facto becomes an integrative factor of formation of the second culture which influences traditional Ukrainian culture without destroying it; this situation on regional level represents no threat to the statehood of Ukraine, as it has been built upon lingual principle but not upon the ethnocultural one; these processes in many aspects are the consequence of general world trends of globalization which has embraced the Ukrainian space not only in cultural sphere, but in economy and politics, either etc.; we must not forget that Russian is an international language and it is not used only in the CIS; considering the abovementioned problems it is wrong claiming the intentional expansion of the Russian language. Scientific novelty. The connection between the state of the language problem in Ukraine and the development of its ethnocultural space are defined. Practical value is represented by propositions of avoidance of making from the language problems in Ukraine the political ones, promotion of competitive Ukrainian-language products (books, music, films) of higher quality to the market, avoiding pushing out the Russian language from the cultural space of Ukraine. ; Цель. Исследовать социально-философские аспекты присутствия русского языка в этнокультурном пространстве Украины.Методика. Теоретико-методологическую основу статьи составляет диалектический подход к познанию социально-философской реальности, объективный взгляд на общест¬вен¬но-политические события настоящего. В основе исследований лежат общенаучные и теорети¬ческие методы: анализа, синтеза, абстракции, обобщения, аналогии, наблюдения, описания. Они активно использовались в сочетании с инструментарием конкретно философских и междисциплинарных методов: индукции, дедукции, сравнительно-исторического, проблемно-хронологического, статистическо-аналитического. Все это дало возможность избавиться от схематизма и субъективизма, осветить проблему комплексно и всесторонне.Результаты. Изучая проблему, автор пришел к следующим выводам: феномен русского языка в этнокультурном пространстве Украины обусловлен рядом исторических, политических и экономических причин, которые формировались в течение многих лет; если на первых этапах украинской истории русский язык внедрялся административными методами, то сегодня он превратился в самостоятельно функционирующий организм; русский язык де факто становится интегрирующим фактором формирования второй культуры, которая теснит позиции традиционной украинской, однако не уничтожает ее; такая ситуация на региональном уровне не составляет угрозы украинской государственности, поскольку выстраивается на языковом, а не этнокультурном принципе; эти процессы во многом являются следствием общемировых тенденций глобализации, что охватили украинское пространство не только в сфере культуры, но и экономики, политики; не нужно забывать, что русский язык является международным и используется не только на пространстве СНГ, но и за его пределами; учитывая вышеупомянутое, утверждать о целеустремленной экспансии русского языка ошибочно.Научная новизна. Установлена взаимосвязь между состоянием языкового вопроса в Украине и развитием ее этнокультурного пространства.Практическая значимость. Заключается в предложениях деполитизации языкового вопроса в Украине, продвижения на рынок качественного, конкурентоспособного украино-язычного продукта (книг, музыки, кино), отказа от попыток административного вытеснения русского языка из культурного пространства Украины. ; Мета. Дослідити соціально-філософські аспекти присутності російської мови в етнокультурному просторі України.Методика. Теоретико-методологічну основу статті складає діалектичний підхід до пізнання соціально-філософської реальності, об'єктивний погляд на суспільно-політичні події сьогодення. Ураховуючи це, автор в основу дослідження поклав загальнонаукові і теоретичні методи: аналізу, синтезу, абстрагування, узагальнення, аналогії, спостереження, опису тощо. Вони активно використовувались в поєднанні з інструментарієм конкретно-філософ¬ських і міждисциплінарних методів: індукції, дедукції, порівняльно-історичного, проблемно-хронологічного, статистично-аналітичного. Усе це надало змогу позбутися схематизму й суб'єктивізму, висвітлити проблему комплексно й всебічно.Результати. У ході дослідження автор дійшов таких висновків: феномен російської мови в етнокультурному просторі України обумовлений низкою історичних, політичних та економічних причин, що формувалися протягом багатьох років; якщо на перших етапах української історії російська мова запроваджувалась адміністративними методами управління, то сьогодні вона вже перетворилась на організм, що функціонує самостійно; російська мова де фактор стає фактором формування іншої культури, що інтегрує, що тіснить позиції традиційної української, однак не знищує її; ця ситуація на регіональному рівні не становить загрози української державності, оскільки вибудовується на мовному, а не етнокультурному принципі; ці процеси багато в чому є наслідком загальносвітових тенденцій глобалізації, які охопили український простір не лише в сфері культури, але й економіки, політики тощо; непотрібно забувати – російська мова є міжнародною та використовується не лише на просторі СНД, але й за його межами; ураховуючи вищезазначене стверджувати про цілеспрямовану експансію російської мови є помилковим.Наукова новизна. Встановлено взаємозв'язок між станом мовного питання в Україні та розвитком її етнокультурного простору.Практична значущість. Полягає в пропозиціях деполітизації мовного питання в Україні, просування на ринок якісного, конкурентоспроможного україномовного продукту (книг, музики, кіно), не намаганні адміністративного витіснення російської мови з культурного простору України.

Amazônica entra no segundo ano e traz aos leitores artigos que refletem sobre a difícil interlocução entre povos indígenas e não-indígenas, que se caracteriza pela luta pela sobrevivência cultural dos primeiros que têm como "adversário" as dificuldades relativas à compreensão da diversidade, expressas de inúmeras formas. O artigo sobre os Mbyá-Guarani no sul do Brasil de autoria de Sergio Baptista da Silva, Mártin César Tempass e Carolina Schneider Comandulli traz a público a diferenciada compreensão de território dos Mbyá-Guarani, fundamental ao processo de demarcação de terras, que conflita com a (in)compreensão dos não-indígenas, mas que deve ser vencida para garantir a livre determinação dos povos etnicamente diferenciados, sob pena de desconsiderar a secular mobilidade entre fronteiras internacionais.Noelia Enriz contribui ao debate, refletindo sobre a educação escolar indígena que se (em/de)bate entre os modelos intervencionistas e participativos, os primeiros que desconhecem a autonomia dos povos indígenas e o segundo que contempla as necessidade de formação de quadros políticos para intermediar disputas históricas. Se a leitura dos especialistas em Guarani parece distanciada do cotidiano amazônico, é preciso pensar que os Guarani, pela mobilidade encontram-se na Amazônia, além dela se originar. A mobilidade territorial é enfocada também no artigo de Fabíola Andrea Silva e Francisco Forte Stuchi, que avaliam as razões para a mobilidade Kaiabi na fronteira entre o Mato Grosso e o Pará, com implicações para a arqueologia. Luciana Barroso França se debruça sobre conflitos intra-étnicos no espaço da aldeia, entre dois grupos tupi-guarani, em contato forçado por contingências históricas. A partir do artigo de Gnecco, que discute os discursos arqueológicos sobre o outro e suas implicações para o presente – e futuro - fazemos a transição para a arqueologia, que é contemplada com o instigante artigo do Sanna Saunaluoma, que traz novos dados e perspectivas sobre os sítios monumentais do Acre e da Bolívia.Contribuindo com as discussões sobre as relações sociais produzida pelas trocas em feiras, que revelam outras chaves de entendimento, publicamos o relatório de pesquisa de Gutemberg Armando Diniz Guerra e César Augusto Martins de Souza sobre o caso de Altamira, na área do Xingu.Complementando e informando sobre as possibilidades de ampliar o olhar sobre a Amazônia, o ensaio fotográfico, as notícias de pesquisa, os resumos de teses e dissertações, assim como as resenhas brindam o leitor com a multiplicidade de produções sobre a região. Agradecemos ao Conselho Editorial e aos anônimos pareceristas que examinaram dezenas de artigos, alguns deles não aceitos para publicação, e aos autores dos artigos que aqui apresentamos pelas contribuições e paciência com o processo editorial. Convidamos os leitores a submeterem artigos e outras contribuições por intermédio do site da Revista.As Editoras ; Amazonica enters its second year, and brings to readers articles that reflect on the thorny dialogue between indigenous and non-indigenous persons, which is characterized by the struggle for cultural survival of the former, that struggle itself reflective of difficulties regarding the understanding of diversity, as expressed in myriad ways. The article on the Mbyá-Guarani in southern Brazil, written by Sergio Baptista da Silva, Martin Cesar Tempass, and Carolina Schneider Comandulli, presents a Mbyá-Guarani particular understanding of territory, fundamental to the process of land demarcation, which conflicts with the nonindigenous view. That nonindigenous view arguably needs to be overcome in order to ensure the free will of ethnically distinct peoples, accustomed to secular mobility across international borders. Noelia Enriz contributes to this debate by considering indigenous education, which is framed in terms of interventionist and participatory models. Interventionist models disregard the autonomy of indigenous people; in contrast, participatory ones focus on political training in order to mediate historical struggles. If the articles on the Guarani seem far removed from our regional focus, we must remember that Guarani mobility brought them back to the Amazon region, where they originated. Territorial mobility is also highlighted in the article by Fabiola Andrea Silva and Francisco Forte Stuchi. They evaluate the reasons for Kaiabi mobility along the border between Mato Grosso and Pará, with implications for archaeology. Luciana Barroso França stresses intra-ethnic conflicts within the village, between two Tupi-Guarani groups, in contact resulting from historical contingencies.From the article by Gnecco, who discusses archaeological discourse vis-à-vis the Other, together with its implications for the present - and future - we make the transition to archaeology, which is intimated in the provocative article by Sanna Saunaluoma, who brings new information and perspectives on monumental sites of Acre and Bolivia. Contributing to discussions on the social relations produced by trade fairs, which show other keys to understanding Amazonia in its current manifestations, we publish the research report by Gutemberg Armando Diniz Guerra and César Augusto Martins de Souza on the case of Altamira, Xingu river area.These papers in the aggregate complement and further inform efforts to extending outward our look on Amazon through the photo essay, research news, abstracts of theses and dissertations, and book reviews. These offer the reader a multiplicity of academic works on the region.We thank the editorial board and anonymous reviewers for this issue as well as the authors of the articles presented herein for their contributions and patience with the editorial process. We take the opportunity to extend a continuing invitation to readers of Amazonica to submit articles and other contributions through the website of the Journal. The Editors

2005/2006 ; The degradation of the environment has become a subject of public concern and awareness during the past decades, and has been exacerbated in the public's mind by the deliberate release into the environment of Genetic Modified Organisms (GMOs) for commercial purposes. Particularly in Europe, it has provoked broad public discussion and demands for scientific safety assurance and clear legislation rules. Based on this, the new scientific domain of "biosafety" has appeared. Biosafety is strongly influenced by large amounts of data, both scientific and non-scientific, including from molecular biology, plant pathology, agronomy, government policy, legislation, sociology and socio-economic issues. The perceived negative aspects derived from the development of modern biotechnology and its application in agriculture has increased scepticism and fears among consumers and public authorities. In Europe, the environmental release of GMOs has become a symbol of controversy and public resistance. For instance, Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) activists regularly conduct protest actions, such as blocking or even destroying experimental field trials of GM plants. Additionally, the governments of several countries have announced national bans on GM products that have already been approved elsewhere, or even by departments within their own government. In order to elucidate why these views and actions may have come about, and to better understand the various interactions, correlations and influences in the biosafety domain, it was proposed to assess and exploit reliable resources related to the biosafety of GMOs found on the Internet, and to analyse them with the aid of advanced statistical techniques (data-mining). In this thesis, important online databases relevant to GM plants have be identified and described in order to highlight the current situation with regards to biosafety knowledge. The results demonstrate that a large number of biosafety online resources are mostly dedicated to policy-makers, regulators, and academics, rather than being in a format easily accessible to the population at large. To investigate the extent of biosafety knowledge further, it was decided to analyse biosafety research output with the use data-mining techniques. This pioneering investigation employed a scientometric study of peer-reviewed scientific publications selected and stored in the online Biosafety Bibliographic Database (BBD) maintained on the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) webpages. The study identified substantial regional biases in country-driven approaches towards GMOs between the USA, the EU and China. The EU is associated with biosafety, human health, food safety and consumer protection, where the USA and China are more concentrated on transgenic plants technology development and application. The results of keyword association analyses emphasised particular biosafety concerns related to specific GM plants. Our results suggest that biosafety research is strongly correlated with public opinion, public attitudes, government policy and law. ; Nell'ultimo decennio il degrado ambientale è diventato oggetto di crescente preoccupazione nell'opinione pubblica e l'uso degli organismi geneticamente modificati (OGM) è considerato dal grande pubblico come una ulteriore fonte di degrado. Particolarmente in Europa la commercializzazione degli OGM è alla base di un contenzioso che ha portato a chiedere a gran voce rassicurazioni, in particolare scientifiche, sull'innocuità di tali organismi ed una legge che ne regoli la diffusione nell'ambiente. Come conseguenza di questa posizione del grande pubblico è nata una nuova disciplina scientifica che chiamiamo "biosafety" (biosicurezza nel campo degli OGM). Questa si basa su una grande quantità di dati e sull'integrazione di differenti discipline: biologia molecolare, patologia vegetale, agronomia, politiche ambientali e di sviluppo, legislazione, sociologia e socio-economica. La percezione negativa che deriva dallo sviluppo della biotecnologia e dalla sua applicazione in agricoltura ha incrementato lo scetticismo e le paure tra i consumatori e le pubbliche autorità tanto che in Europa la diffusione degli OGM nell'ambiente è diventato un simbolo di avversione verso la scienza e un motivo di pubblica resistenza. Ad esempio le organizzazioni non governative (NGO) promuovono con insistente regolarità attività di protesta distruggendo campi sperimentali di OGM e devastando laboratori di ricerca. I governi di molti paesi hanno messo al bando molti prodotti OGM anche se approvati altrove. Per capire l'evoluzione della ricerca sugli OGM e la posizione della "biosafety" questa tesi si è proposta di effettuare una analisi delle ricerche sulla biosafety presenti in internet mediante tecniche statistiche e di "data-mining". In particolare la tesi si occupa delle piante geneticamente modificate usate in agricoltura. La tesi identifica le più importanti banche dati in linea che raccolgono informazioni sulle piante geneticamente modificate. Quindi le interroga per capire la situazione corrente delle conoscenze sulla "biosafety" ad esse relative. I risultati dimostrano che la gran parte delle informazioni in linea sono dedicate ai politici, a coloro che stabiliscono regole e agli accademici piuttosto che essere accessibili al grande pubblico. Le tecniche di "data-mining" sono state applicate in modo originale alle banche dati contenenti pubblicazioni scientifiche soggette a revisione (peer-reviewed articles). Lo studio "scientometrico" applicato, basato su tecniche di analisi multivariata alla co-occorrenza di parole chiave negli articoli scientifici, ha messo in evidenza che gli studi sono fortemente condizionati dalle politiche dei governi influenzate dalle opinioni pubbliche, differenze notevoli sono state trovate infatti tra gli studi effettuati in Europa, USA e Cina. Gli studi Europei sono più legati alla salute pubblica e alla protezione dei consumatori, mentre, in misura diversa, ma sia negli USA che in Cina c'è maggior enfasi sull'aspetto tecnologico e applicativo per l'incremento della produzione. Dai nostri risultati si evince che la ricerca nel campo della "biosafety" è strettamente correlata all'opinione pubblica, al comportamento del pubblico, alla politica del governo e alla legislazione.

"Yearbook of Eastern Studies" has been established as a forum for the debate on the multifaceted nature of transformations in Central and Eastern Europe and Asia, with particular focus on the post-Soviet area. The conceptual content of the periodical was born thanks to the professors Zdzislaw J. Winnicki and Walenty Baluk, who edited the first three volumes, which were published formally as separate monographs, but already under the banner of "Wschodnioznawstwo". Since 2010, the Yearbook has the status of a scientific journal, and two years later it has been listed on the journals of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. In addition, the periodical is indexed in national and international databases such as Index Copernicus, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, BazHum and Polska Bibliografia Naukowa. The scientific profile of the periodical, which has consistently been implemented since the beginning of the activity of "Yearbook of Eastern Studies", focuses on the field of social sciences, with particular emphasis on the science of politics and science of safety. Its great advantage is its internationalization, which manifests itself both in terms of composition of the scientific council, reviewers, and authors of texts published in the "Wschodnioznawstwo" in Polish, English and Russian languages. Up to now, researchers from Poland, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Macedonia, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine have published on the cards of the journal. ; Wydawany przez Zakład Badań Wschodnich od 2007 r. rocznik "Wschodnioznawstwo" powstał jako forum debaty nad wielowymiarowością przemian w regionie Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz Azji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obszaru postradzieckiego. Koncepcja merytoryczna periodyku zrodziła się dzięki profesorom Zdzisławowi J. Winnickiemu oraz Walentemu Balukowi, którzy redagowali wspólnie pierwsze trzy tomy, wydane jeszcze z formalnego punktu widzenia jako odrębne monografie, ale już pod szyldem "Wschodnioznawstwa". Od 2010 r. rocznik posiada status czasopisma naukowego, a dwa lata później trafił na listę czasopism punktowanych Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. Ponadto periodyk jest indeksowany w krajowych i międzynarodowych bazach, takich jak Index Copernicus, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, BazHum czy Polska Bibliografia Naukowa. Profil naukowy periodyku, który konsekwentnie jest realizowany od początku działalności "Wschodnioznawstwa", koncentruje się wokół dziedziny nauk społecznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nauk o polityce i nauk o bezpieczeństwie. Ogromnym atutem rocznika jest jego umiędzynarodowienie, które przejawia się zarówno w aspekcie składu rady naukowej, recenzentów, jak i autorów tekstów zamieszczanych na łamach "Wschodnioznawstwa" w językach polskim, angielskim i rosyjskim. Do tej pory na kartach periodyku publikowali naukowcy z Polski, Azerbejdżanu, Białorusi, Czech, Gruzji, Japonii, Kazachstanu, Łotwy, Macedonii, Niemiec, Rosji, Słowacji, Ukrainy i Węgier.

Imagine a world where someone's personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters' (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America's Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States' poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation's strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today's blurred privacy expectations. ; 2014-05-01 ; B.S. ; Health and Public Affairs, Dept. of Legal Studies ; Bachelors ; This record was generated from author submitted information.