Suchergebnisse

Organisational internal risk factors, which include management, material, finance, and design risk factors, affect oil and gas construction projects' success in emerging nations, in which Malaysia is no exception. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of these internal risk factors and government support on oil and gas projects among sixty-one (61) employees of oil and gas firms using a questionnaire survey. The data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques. The results revealed that all the exogenous variables (design risk, management risk, financial risk and material risk factors and government support) significantly impact project success. According to the findings, all exogenous variables (design risk, management risk, financial risk, material risk factors, and government support) have substantial effects on project success. The study developed an all-inclusive framework that can assist stakeholders in the industry in mitigating internal risk factors in ensuring the success of projects. Policy implications and future study paths are considered.

This study examined socio-economic and ecological factors influencing cassava farming, various products and benefits of cassava farming, challenges facing cassava farming, and governmental interventions geared toward promoting cassava farming in Nigerian rural context. Descriptive explanatory research design was adopted to collect primary data from cassava farmers in Kuje Area Council, Abuja. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select study sample, using semi-structured questionnaire and indepth interview guide as research instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results demonstrated that various socio-economic and ecological factors influenced cassava farming in the study location. Also, findings showed that there were several final products and bi-products of cassava that served various socio-economic benefits. Lastly, the findings revealed that majority of the cassava farmers had not received any government intervention. Among the minority who had received government interventions, it was gathered that financial support, amenities and equipment, as well as seeds and new species were the major assistance rendered by the government. The study concluded that there were various socio-economic factors influencing cassava farming in the study location and recommended that soft loans, access to land, basic amenities and farm implements, small scale investment in cassava farming and favourable policies should be considered for cassava farmers especially in Nigerian rural areas.

The interface between surface water and groundwater is becoming more complex owing to the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities these days. In this study, the physicochemical; pH, color, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity while bacteriological parameters; total and fecal coliform of water samples from River Gashua and its surrounding wells in Gashua local government area of Yobe State were assessed. All the physicochemical parameters were analyzed using water quality standards. Fecal and total coliforms were assayed using the filter membrane technique. The results obtained from the physicochemical parameters of Boreholes (BH1, BH2, and BH3) and hand pump wells (HPW1, HPW2, and HPW3) are within the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, the river (R) water sample was found to have a high concentration in total dissolved solids, turbidity, and color than permissible standards. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of total and fecal coliform in the water samples; R, BH2, BH3, HPW1, HPW2, and HPW3. The findings indicate that there is a need to protect the quality of the river system. Therefore, it is recommended that government and other stakeholders should take appropriate and corrective actions to avert the continuous discharge of waste products into the river. Again, Yobe State Ministry of Environment should ensure that all public boreholes are routinely subjected to appropriate water assays to ascertain their suitability for human consumption.

AbstractAgribusiness is a means of job creation capable of reducing unemployment among young people in developing countries. However, the rate of unemployment is notably higher among young girls who have a relatively low propensity to seize new entrepreneurial opportunities than their male counterparts. Using the Oaxaca‐Blinder approach, this study measures the share of differences in young men's and young women's engagement in agribusiness in the South‐Kivu province of DR Congo. The study builds on a sample of 375 young people, including 28% of girls, drawn from youth associations in Bukavu and its neighborhoods, the catchment area. The results revealed that a difference of 29% was perceived between the engagement of young men and women in agribusiness. About 3% of this difference was explained by land possession, 16% explained by the contribution of different observable characteristics between the two groups, and 84% attributed to discrimination. Thus, disparities in engagement would have decreased by about 16%, if young women had the same socioeconomic and demographic characteristics or the same access to productive resources as their male counterparts. Therefore, we recommend that interventions aimed at giving equal opportunities to female and male youths should be encouraged and promoted.

The rural areas in Nigeria have become notorious with all kinds of crime. Inadequate amenities such as good roads and communication infrastructure in rural areas in Nigeria have made it difficult for the Nigeria Police to effectively detect and prevent crimes in rural Nigeria. It is consequent on these escalations of criminal activities that rural communities in Nigeria have evolved community policing to protect their neighbourhoods. This article presents the benefits of using qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection to unravel the potentials inherent in informal crime prevention and control in rural localities in Nigeria. The social capital theory was used to bring out the benefits of community participation in crime control in rural Nigeria. Findings from the study indicated high theft cases as common crime in rural Nigeria. Youths were observed to constitute greater percentage of suspects at police stations for crime. Unemployment and poverty among the rural populace especially youths were responsible for these criminalities. The absence of social infrastructure, inade- quate police presence and government support to unemployed youths made the crime situations worse in rural areas. There was low level of community interactions with the police in crime prevention and control in rural Nigeria. The study recommended increased police-public partnership in crime prevention and control in rural Nigeria.

Breech presentation is a risk factor for poor birth outcomes. Guidance for safest mode of delivery in breech presenting full term pregnancies is available but there is a lack of evidence on the optimal mode of delivery in breech presenting preterm spontaneous births. The aim of this study is to evaluate the causal effect of mode of delivery on extended perinatal death (EPD) in this population using a trial emulation.
Randomized experiments are the gold standard for estimating causal effects; however, previous attempts to conduct them in this context has resulted in recruitment challenges. Causal inference methods provide a framework for drawing causal conclusions from observational data.
A trial emulation aims to overcome limitations common to observational studies by specifying core components of a randomized trial using observational data. Our trial emulation uses national Scottish health data to identify an eligible study sample and adjust for confounding characteristics between groups undergoing caesarean and vaginal deliveries to simulate randomized assignment of mode of delivery. We were able to estimate the per-protocol impact of caesarean delivery on EPD.
Our data, containing all recorded potentially eligible births in Scotland between 1997 and 2019, was provided by eDRIS in a trusted research environment. After applying our eligibility criteria, our data contained 3,457 birth records, (2,361 c-section and 1,096 vaginal deliveries). There were 212 EPDs (1.7% (39) of c-sections and 16% (173) of vaginal deliveries).
Our preliminary results suggest that caesarean delivery reduces the odds of EPD by 73% among breech presenting spontaneous preterm births.

Contemporary and market-based conservation policies, constructed as rational, neutral and apolitical, are being pursued around the world in the aim of staving off multiple, unfolding and overlapping environmental crises. However, the substantial body of research that examines the dominance of neoliberal environmental policies has paid relatively little attention to how colonial legacies interact with these contemporary and market-based conservation policies enacted in the Global South. It is only recently that critical scholars have begun to demonstrate how colonial legacies interact with market-based conservation policies in ways that increase their risk of failure, deepen on-the-ground inequalities and cement global injustices. In this article, we take further this emerging body of work by showing how contemporary,market-based conservation initiatives extend the temporalities and geographies of colonialism, undergird long-standing hegemonies and perpetuate exploitative power relations in the governing of nature-society relations, particularly in the Global South. Reflecting on ethnographic insights from six different field sites across countries of the Global South, we argue that decolonization is an important and necessary step in confronting some of the major weaknesses of contemporary conservation and the wider socio-ecological crisis itself. We conclude by briefly outlining what decolonizing conservation might entail.