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Reentry after release from incarceration is often presented as a story of redemption. Unfortunately, this is not the reality. Those being released must navigate the reentry process with diminished legal rights and amplified social stigmas, in a journey that is often confusing, complex, and precarious. Making use of life-history interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic fieldwork with low-income urban residents of color, primarily Black men, Calvin John Smiley finds that reentry requires the recently released to negotiate a web of disjointed and often contradictory systems that serve as an extension of the carceral system. No longer behind bars but not fully free, the recently released navigate a state of limbo that deprives them of opportunity and support while leaving them locked in a cycle of perpetual punishment. Warning of the dangers of reformist efforts that only serve to further entrench carceral systems, Purgatory Citizenship advocates for abolitionist solutions rooted in the visions of the people most affected

After a useful beginning in the eighteenth-century Enlightenment as both an experimental & analytic social science, criminology sank into two centuries of torpor. Its resurrection in the late twentieth century crime wave successfully returned criminology to the forefront of discovering useful, if not always used, facts about prevailing crime patterns & responses to crime. Criminology's failures of "use" in creating justice more enlightened by knowledge of its effects is linked to the still limited usefulness of criminology, which lacks a comprehensive body of evidence to guide sanctioning decisions. Yet that knowledge is rapidly growing, with experimental (as distinct from analytic) criminology now more prominent than at any time since Henry Fielding founded criminology while inventing the police. The future of criminology may thus soon resemble medicine more than economics. 77 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2005 The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. From Race and Crime to Racialization and Criminalization / Mirchandani, Kiran / Chan, Wendy -- Part I. History -- 2. Settler Capitalism and the Construction of Immigrants and "Indians" as Racialized Others / McCalla, Andrea / Satzewich, Vic -- 3. Defining Sexual Promiscuity: "Race," Gender, and Class in the Operation of Ontario's Female Refuges Act, 1930-1960 / Sangster, Joan -- PART II. RACIALIZATION AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM -- 4. The Criminalization of "Race," the Racialization of Crime / Jiwani, Yasmin -- 5. Looking at Law through the Lens of Culture: A Provocative Case / Macklin, Audrey -- 6. Racism and the Collection of Statistics Relating to Race and Ethnicity / Roberts, Julian V. -- PART III. PROCESSES OF RACIALIZATION AND CRIMINALIZATION -- 7. Police Constructions of Race and Gender in Street Gangs / Symons, Gladys L. -- 8. The Criminalization of Aboriginal Women: Commentary by a Community Activist / Dell, Colleen Anne -- 9. The Justice System and Canada's Aboriginal Peoples: The Persistence of Racial Discrimination / Hylton, John H. -- 10. "Making Sense" of Moral Panics: Excavating the Cultural Foundations of the "Young, Black Mugger" / Doran, Chris 'Nob' -- 11. The Social and Legal Banishment of Anti-racism: A Black Perspective / Benjamin, Akua -- 12. Dangerous Duality: The "Net Effect" of Immigration and Deportation on Jamaicans in Canada / Barnes, Annmarie -- Appendix -- Contributors -- Index

A review essay on books by (1) Kim S. Cameron, Jane E. Dutton, & Robert E. Quinn (Eds), Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Disciple (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2003); (2) Howard Gardner, Milhaly Csikszentmihalyi, & William Damon, Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meets (New York: Basic, 2001); & (3) Martin E. P. Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: Free Press, 2002). 41 References.

Ian Shaw threads together advances in modern technology, practice skills and evidence-based practice, the history of scientific claims in social work practice, and the methods of social work research to demonstrate the significant role science can play in the management of human emotions and behavior. Shaw links scientific and social work knowledge through the core themes of quality evidence, critical learning and understanding, and the skilled evaluation of the subject.

Snitching -- Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Real Deal -- I. Anatomy of an Informant Deal -- II. Implications of Informant Practices -- Chapter 2: To Catch a Thief -- I. Creating and Rewarding Criminal Informants -- II. Using Informants as Investigative Tools -- III. Defendant Rights against Official Informant Use -- IV. Legal Limits: What the Government Can't Do -- V. Informant Use in Comparative Perspective -- VI. American Informant Law -- Chapter 3: Beyond Unreliable -- I. Lying Informants -- II. Law Enforcement Dependence on Informants -- III. Juries -- IV. When the Innocent Plead Guilty -- V. The Important but Limited Role of Procedural Protections -- Chapter 4: Secret Justice -- I. Investigation -- II. Plea Bargaining -- III. Discovery -- IV. Public Transparency and Executive Accountability -- V. Informants and the Internet -- Chapter 5: Snitching in the 'Hood -- I. More Snitches -- II. More Crime -- III. More Violence -- IV. Racial Focusing -- V. More Tension between Police and Community -- VI. More Distrust -- VII. Snitching as a Costly Social Policy -- Chapter 6: "Stop Snitching" -- I. "In the Game" -- II. Distrust of the Police -- III. Witness Intimidation -- IV. The Role of Rap and Hip Hop -- V. What Does "Stop Snitching" Mean? -- Chapter 7: How the Other Half Lives: White Collar and Other Kinds of Cooperation -- I. FBI Informants and Organized Crime -- II. Political Informants -- III. White Collar Crime and Cooperation -- IV. Terrorism -- Chapter 8: Reform -- I. Defining Informants -- II. Data Collection and Reporting on Informant Creation and Deployment -- III. Informant Crime Control and Reporting -- IV. Protecting Informants -- V. Defense Informants -- VI. Police Investigative Guidelines -- VII. Prosecutorial Guidelines -- VIII. Heightened Judicial Scrutiny -- IX. Criminal Procedure Reforms -- X. Improving Police-Community Trust and Communication -- Conclusion -- I. Governing through Crime, Governing through Informants -- II. Implications -- Notes -- Index -- About the Author