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Objective: Using Klein's model of team coordination, we explored the null hypothesis that intensive care unit (ICU) care coordination unfolds as a linear sequence. Our intent was to generate hypotheses for further research and to provide interim recommendations for improving care coordination. We also explored factors contributing to care coordination (e.g., role responsibilities, support tools). Background: Although the body of clinical communications research is considerable, few studies address broader team processes in real-world environments; hence, these processes are not well understood. Methods: All bedside communications for 5 ICU patients were recorded for 5 days per patient and were coded using Klein's model. Markov analysis was used to describe the care coordination process. Multivariate contingency table analysis and standardized parameter estimates described important contributing factors, and support tools were described using descriptive statistics. Results: First-, second-, and third-order Markov analyses show that care coordination does not unfold as a linear sequence; however, Markov diagrams suggest some process structure. Standardized parameter estimates of factors contributing to care coordination were calculated from a statistically significant three-way model (χ 2[ df = 18] = 36.95, p < .005). Role-based differences depend on context, with important differences in contributions to care coordination occurring within rounds. Tools supported only 48% of conversations. Conclusion: Three alternative research hypotheses were defined with at least a minimal level of support. Testing these hypotheses present substantial theoretical, methodological, and data analysis challenges. Application: Within a research framework, recommendations for change could achieve significant gains for understanding and for reducing breakdowns in care coordination.

Following a recent re-evaluation of evidence from an archaeological site in SE Australia, the possibility of a 120 thousand years (ka) old human presence in the Fifth Continent has been suggested. However, the commonly accepted date for the peopling of Australia remains within the range of 50 - 65 ka. Even if the newly proposed date were halved, an uninterrupted 60 ka continuity in the same territory would raise a few questions regarding the transmission mechanisms that have enabled the retention of the massive amount of knowledge acquired during such an extended period, especially when considering the lack of demographic strength, which is believed to be a prerequisite for effective social learning. I argue that the emergence, developmental rate, and extent of Australian culture reflect an 'additive' evolutionary strategy centred on a ritually regulated feedback loop between the volume of information flow and the level of social elaboration. The model forwarded in this paper is at odds with current theoretical approaches to cultural evolution in which Aboriginal traditions are often portrayed as living examples of Pleistocene cross-cultural universals.

A cross national data set consisting of 122 national chief executives who were in office in 1990 is used to test the validity of a model of American elite generational continuity. The hypothesis is that the model will be as useful in explaining the kinship dimensions of elite continuity in other political systems as it is in the study of American political leadership. In broad terms the findings with respect to national chief executives correspond closely to the expectations of the model. Most of the differences between the expected and the discovered kinship patterns may be accounted for by the fact that descendants of at least some of the leaders still have time to enter the political arena.

The study proposes a set of analyses on the evolution of the migration balance of Romania's population over a wide time interval, fully covering the period dominated by the communist regime (1948-1989) and the last three decades marked by the transition to a market economy. The aim is to differentiate the typology of the time and space distribution of the mentioned indicator and to test a set of explanatory factors, for each of the two distinct periods. The typological and factor analyses applied led to results that largely confirm the hypothesis of a continuity between the massive internal migration during the communist regime and the more complex migration in recent decades. At the same time, the profound changes in the incidence of certain explanatory factors certify a complete restructuring of the migration system in Romania after 1990. The massive migration from rural to urban areas, brought about by positional or socio-economic factors, was gradually replaced after the fall of the communist regime by a strong labour emigration, an effect of deindustrialization. The stimulation of the periurbanization process, by changing the way of life, introduced new variables in the functioning of the migration system, in keeping with the specific evolutions of the contemporary era.

"The 1970s are of particular relevance for understanding the socio-economic changes still shaping Western societies today. The collapse of traditional manufacturing industries like coal and steel, shipbuilding, and printing, as well as the rise of the service sector, contributed to a notable sense of decline and radical transformation. Building on the seminal work of Lutz Raphael and Anselm Doering-Manteuffel, Nach dem Boom, which identified a "social transformation of revolutionary quality" that ushered in "digital financial capitalism," this volume features a series of essays that reconsider the idea of a structural break in the 1970s. Contributors draw on case studies from France, the Netherlands, the UK, the US, and Germany to examine the validity of the "after the boom" hypothesis. Since the Boom attempts to bridge the gap between the English and highly productive German debates on the 1970s."--

A trajetória da representação parlamentar no âmbito da integração no Cone Sul é o pano de fundo deste artigo que analisa algumas implicações da institucionalização do Parlamento do Mercosul (Parlasul). O pressuposto desta análise é que as fragilidades do Mercosul no tocante à sua consolidação e aprofundamento estariam relacionadas com as da ação parlamentar no âmbito da Comissão Parlamentar Conjunta e do próprio Parlasul. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a constituição do Parlamento do Mercosul contribuiria com o processo de integração somente na medida em que conseguisse de fato superar as limitações vivenciadas pela Comissão Parlamentar Conjunta. Portanto, a superação das deficiências da CPCM seria um passo importante na construção de uma instância representativa e democrática no âmbito da integração regional do Mercosul. The parliamentary representation in the Southern Cone integration is the main issue in this article, which analyzes some implications of the institutionalization of Mercosur Parliament (Parlasur). Consolidation and deepening of the integration process are related to the very weakness of congressional action under the Joint Parliamentary Committee and even the Parlasur. The hypothesis is that the creation of the Mercosur Parliament could contribute to the integration process only insofar as it could overcome the limitations experienced by the Joint Parliamentary Commission and go forward in building a democratic and representative body of regional integration.

Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Setting the Agenda of Analysis -- 1 Posing the Problem: West Bengal's Exceptionalism -- 2 Contemporary Critiques of West Bengal's Exceptionalism -- 3 Research Rationale -- 4 Thematic Outline and Approach -- Chapter 2 Politics of Memory: Caste and Nature of Political Mobilization -- 1 Rise of the Matua Factor -- 2 bjp's Matua Outreach: A New Relationship -- 3 'Politics of Memory' and Political Narrative -- 4 Contextualising Dalit mobilization in West Bengal -- 5 Interplay of Memory and Politics at the Grassroots -- Chapter 3 Analysing Patterns of Political Representation: Continuity or Change -- 1 Explaining 'Rise of Caste' Hypothesis -- 2 Two Concepts of Representation: A Brief Theoretical Exploration -- 3 Mapping Trends of Political Representation in West Bengal -- 4 Decoding Political Outlook towards Representation -- Chapter 4 Caste and Politics of Numbers: Delving Deep into Demography -- 1 Demographic Fragmentation of Caste Groups -- 2 Geographic Concentration of Caste Groups -- 3 Demography and Political Aggregation of Caste Interests -- Chapter 5 Material Basis of Caste: Putting Political Economy into Perspective -- 1 Caste and Economic Aspects of Identity Politics -- 2 Caste and Patterns of Landholding -- 3 Caste and Relative Deprivation -- 4 Land and Agrarian Politics -- 5 Other Economic Indicators -- 6 Economic Development and Politics of Caste Coalition -- Chapter 6 Micro-politics in Rural Society: Social Imagination, Political Culture and Economic Reality at the Grassroots -- 1 Existing Findings about Micro-Dynamics of Caste in West Bengal: An Overview -- 2 A Note on Methodology -- 3 Geography and Demography of the Village under Study.

A set of models is reviewed in which orderly urban phenomena are accounted for in terms of noise (randomness, stochastic processes): segmentation as a process of runs in random processes (percolation); filtering as a process of random walk and so diffusion, and as a Markov process. In particular, 'continuity' of the spatial price envelope, a truism of real estate, leads to the diffusion equation. No foreordained centers, boundaries, or gravity (or entropy) is needed to obtain clustering in these models. The models are combined in a simulation, implemented in a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, as well as in a partial differential equation driven by a stochastic source term.

AbstractThis study examined the heterotypic continuity of aggression hypothesis (physical to indirect) using independent teacher reports of aggression drawn from a nationally representative sample of 749 Canadian girls and boys. Confirmatory factor analysis using an accelerated longitudinal design confirmed a two‐factor model of physical and indirect aggression that was stable across time, but not sex. Mean levels of indirect aggression were highest for girls whereas mean levels of physical aggression were highest for boys. Results of a series of path analyses indicated statistically significant cross‐lagged effects that varied by sex. Physical aggression at Time 1 (T1; aged six to nine years) significantly predicted increased levels of indirect aggression at Time 2 (T2; girls only) and Time 3 (T3; boys and girls). Indirect aggression at T1 predicted decreased physical aggression at T2 (boys only) and at T3 (boys and girls). These results offer support for the heterotypic continuity of aggression and underscore the usefulness of teacher reports in studies of childhood aggression.

Compared a group of visually handicapped adult females and normally sighted college females for nature of aggressive content in nocturnal dreams. The visually handicapped group was comprised of individuals who were partially sighted, congenitally blind and adventitiously blind. Each subject was required to keep a dream diary for a period of two to four months. Diaries were subsequently content-analyzed by means of the aggression scale of the Hall-Van de Castle content-analysis system. Visually handicapped adults, as a group, exhibited far more verbal and covert aggression. Generally, however, findings were in agreement with Hall's continuity hypothesis regarding the relationship between dream content and waking life.

Self-perception in the international arena plays a great role in the development of a country's foreign policy strategy. Not all states can answer the question «who are we in relation to others»? In particular, we can describe the past 20 century and the first decades of the 21st century as the time of Tehran's search for its foreign policy identity, which is not finished even today. Despite many discussion, the Iranian political elite has not only failed to find a single definition of its foreign policy selfhood, but has produced several more formulas of its own identity, which often contradict each other, although they coexist. The events of 1979, when the new leadership that came to power in the course of revolutionary upheavals announced the rejection of the traditions of the Shah's Iran and the building of a new "revolutionary" nation with its own special foreign policy identity, had a significant impact on the process of forming the Iranian selfhood. The article analyzes the main trends that exist in the Iranian foreign policy self-perception, in order to confirm the hypothesis that the «revolutionary experiment» did not lead to a break in the continuity in the issue of Iranian self-identification. On the contrary, there is an attempt by the country's leadership to combine Islamic, revolutionary and nationalist principles in determining the role of their country in the international arena, which let us speak about the multi-component foreign policy identity of modern Iran.

The changes experienced during a merger often reduce post-merger organizational identification among the workforce, thereby undermining the strategic goals of the merger. While previous research has shown that employees' post-merger identification suffers less when they experience a sense of continuity, the current article explores methods of preserving post-merger identification even when employees experience a sense of discontinuity. It is hypothesized that for these employees, the perceived necessity of the merger strongly influences post-merger identification, because a sense of necessity can reduce the uncertainty that typically inhibits post-merger identification. A field study is presented ( N = 144) to support this hypothesis. Finally, implications for the organizational pre-merger communication process are discussed.

Mary Beth Bruder, Carl J Dunst, Cristina Mogro-Wilson and Tony Xing Tan used an analytic procedure called structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the effects of adoption and post-adoption child behaviour measures on parents' self-judgements of their parenting competence, confidence and enjoyment. SEM is a statistical procedure for investigating complex relationships among multiple variables simultaneously. The study participants were 314 adults (mostly mothers) who had adopted a child from China. Parents' recall of their children's behaviour at the time of adoption was related to two outcomes: concerns about their children's development and post-adoption behavioural ratings of child functioning. The more positive the parents' ratings of their children's behaviour, the more positive they judged their parenting competence, confidence and enjoyment. Findings supported the main hypothesis that parents' judgements of their children's behaviour at and following adoption are both directly and indirectly related to their sense of parenting.