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AbstractThis paper explores the gender dimensions of group membership and social networks using a unique longitudinal data set from the rural Philippines. We investigate two types of social capital: membership in groups, or 'formal' social capital, and size of trust‐based networks or 'informal' social capital. Because men and women may have different propensities to invest in social capital, we analyse the determinants of group membership for men and women separately. We also disaggregate the analysis by type of group. The paper also examines the determinants of the density of social capital, proxied by the number of groups and the number of network members. Finally, it explores whether groups contribute to increased sizes of social networks. We find that men and women do not differ significantly in their probability of participating in groups or the number of groups they join. However, there are clear gender differences in the types of groups to which men and women belong. We also find that group membership does not, in general, increase network density. The size of one's informal networks is influenced by the location and migration decisions of one's sons and daughters, suggesting that sons and daughters play different roles in providing support to their households of origin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This book is designed for technical personnel and policymakers in national government and international agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), as well as other development practitioners who face the task of addressing gender issues in development projects and policy. Practitioners may ask why they should address gender issues in development. First and foremost, gender equality is a basic human right—with value in and of itself. Second, many disparities in development outcomes arise from gender differences (see Box 1). Third, the task of addressing gender inequality is made even more urgent by the reality of its significant effects on the efficiency and welfare outcomes of project or policy interventions. ; PR ; IFPRI training; IFPRI1; Gender ; PHND