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Previous research has established that low-wage earners have on average lower job satisfaction. However, several studies have found personal characteristics, such as gender, age and educational level, moderate this negative impact. This article demonstrates additional factors at the household level, which have not yet been empirically investigated, and which may exacerbate gender differences. The authors analyse the job satisfaction of low-wage earners depending on the contribution of individual earnings to the household income and on household deprivation using the 2013 special wave of the EU-SILC for 18 European countries. The study finds that single earners in low-wage employment report lower job satisfaction whereas low-wage employment does not seem to make a difference for secondary earners. Furthermore, low-wage earners' job satisfaction is linked with the ability of their household to make ends meet.

Information ist eine zentrale, aber oft unterschätzte Ressource für Politik und Kriegsführung. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches stehen daher folgende Fragen: Wie kam ein hochrangiger Politiker, Diplomat und Militär um 1700 an die Informationen, die er brauchte? Wie wurde Informationsgewinnung organisiert, und welche Strukturen waren dafür relevant? Wozu schließlich diente Information, welche Funktion oder Funktionen erfüllte sie? Am Beispiel des Herzogs von Marlborough, einem der wichtigsten Generäle, Politiker und Diplomaten des Spanischen Erbfolgekriegs, wird die zentrale Bedeutung von Informationsgewinnung und Spionage für Kriegführung, Politik und Diplomatie analysiert und Marlboroughs enge Verbindung mit der englischen Regierung vorgeführt, aber auch danach gefragt, wie Informationen verarbeitet und genutzt wurden.

Dieser Band präsentiert erstmals in gesammelter Form Aufsätze von Susan C. Karant-Nunn. Die Aufsätze befassen sich mit dem sozialen und kulturellen Wandel, den die Reformation auslöste, und fragen nach ihrem Einfluss auf Geschlechterbeziehungen, Rituale und Gefühle.InhaltsübersichtMatthias Pohlig: Preface − Susan C. Karant-Nunn: Introduction I. Social and Cultural History of the Reformation What Was Preached in German Cities in the Early Years of the Reformation?: Wildwuchs Versus Lutheran Unity − Preaching the Word in Early Modern Germany − Neoclericalism and Anticlericalism in Saxony, 1555–1675 − Patterns of Religious Practice: Nontheological Features − Popular Culture as Religious Dissent in the Post-Reformation Era − Confessional Ambiguity along Borders: Popular Contributions to Religious Tolerance in Sixteenth-Century Germany − 'Sing unto the Lord': An Anthropology of Singing and Not-Singing in the Late Reformation Era II. Ritual and Reformation Ritual in Early Modern Christianity − Liturgical Rites: The Medium, the Message, the Messenger, and the Misunderstanding −'They Have Highly Offended the Community of God': Rituals of Ecclesiastical Discipline and Pastoral Membership in the Community in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century German Parishes −Babies, Baptism, Bodies, Burials, and Bliss: Ghost Stories and Their Rejection in the Late Sixteenth Century −A Women's Rite. Churching and the Reformation of Ritual III. Gender Relations and the Reformation Kinder, Küche, Kirche : Social Ideology in the Sermons of Johannes Mathesius −Reformation Society, Women and the Family − The Emergence of the Pastoral Family in the German Reformation: The Parsonage as a Site of Socio-religious Change −'Fragrant Wedding Roses': Lutheran Wedding Sermons and Gender Definition in Early Modern Germany IV. Emotions 'With Covered Faces': Emotion Rituals in Early Modern Germany − Postscript on the Religious Emotions in the Late- and Post-Reformation Era: Path Dependence and Innovation

The Great Recession and the Eurozone crisis taking place since 2008 are real-life tests for policies aimed at promoting inclusive labor markets in the Eurozone. Therefore, this article discusses first how the risk of being a labor market outsider evolved in the Eurozone during the crises, and whether this risk diverged between social groups. Using EU-SILC data, we describe the overall level of outsider risks before and during the crises - risks of being either unemployed, temporarily employed or earning a low wage - among the labor force ('polarization') and the concentration of these risks among vulnerable groups ('marginalization'). Our results show that the outsider risks have particularly increased in the Southern European countries, and for young workers throughout the EU, and in the case of unemployment, also for low-skilled workers. In the second step, we study how employment protection legislation, union density and wage bargaining systems influence polarization and marginalization in the context of an economic crisis. In contrast to discussions about the end of Eurosclerosis, we find that strict employment protection and centralized bargaining in-crease the marginalization of vulnerable groups while strong unions can reduce polarization.

Der Band umfasst ausgewählte Beiträge der Internationalen Konferenz "Juden, Christen und Muslime im Zeitalter der Reformation"/"Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Reformation Era" (Juli 2017 in Nürnberg). Veranstalter waren der Verein für Reformationsgeschichte und die Society for Reformation Research. Die Beiträge widmen sich dem Verhältnis von Christentum, Judentum und Islam unter dem Eindruck der innerchristlichen Kirchenspaltung. Sie gehen Fragen nach: Veränderte das christliche Verhältnis zu Juden und Muslimen und umgekehrt die Reformation? Welchen Einfluss auf die Reformation darf man der Begegnung mit Juden und Muslimen zuschreiben?