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AbstractAlthough in recent years there has been a growth in banking services in Mexico, there is still a significant delay in terms of financial inclusion, which is also very uneven across municipalities. In this context, this paper analyses some of the factors that determine the probability of a municipality being financially included. The results show that financially included municipalities have a large number of inhabitants and high levels of income and education. The analysis also distinguishes between municipalities according to the region in which they are located and to their type of population. In general, rural and in transition municipalities are the least financially included, together with the municipalities located in the Sur region of the country. For these types of municipalities, results also show that both population and the Human Development Index (HDI) are important in determining the probability of being financially included. However, for urban municipalities, HDI is more important than the level of population as a factor influencing financial inclusion.

We analyzed the roles of parenting style and peer attachment in predicting emotional instability in late childhood and early adolescence. Effects were analyzed separately by gender. Children's personal variables analyzed were empathy, anger, and the mechanisms used to cope with anger
(externalization and self-control). Participants were 316 girls and 294 boys (N = 610) aged from 9 to 12 years who were students at schools in Valencia, Spain. Main gender differences for each variable were examined using one-way ANOVAs. Results of 2 multiple linear regression analyses
(1 for boys and 1 for girls) explained 50.9% and 35.5%, respectively, of variance in the students' emotional instability. Considering emotional and cognitive variables, the results for our participant group show that parenting styles and peer attachment were equally significant as predictors
of emotional instability.

In this paper, we present a gridded population cartogram illustrating a recently constructed financial inclusion index for Mexico 2020 (Dircio-Palacios-Macedo et al., 2023). Its importance relies in that it allows us to identify the municipalities with different levels of financial inclusion in a geographical disaggregated manner, which can be used for the ultimate goal of relevant policy analysis.

La publicación de la legislación española sobre normas de calidad que regula los productos cárnicos de cerdos ibéricos ha supuesto la certificación obligatoria del sistema de producción, piensos y raza en el sector porcino. El estándar está diseñado para garantizar la calidad del producto final, evitando los fraudes que pueden haberse producido anteriormente, aprovechando la heterogeneidad del producto. Tradicionalmente, las etiquetas de Denominación de Origen Protegida ofrecían la garantía y seguridad del consumidor, pero esta función ha sido asumida en gran medida por los Estándares de Calidad. En este contexto, es necesario estudiar el conocimiento de los consumidores y la valoración de estos dos indicadores de calidad. Se ha observado que, aunque los DOP son más conocidos que los estándares de calidad, los consumidores están dispuestos a pagar solo una pequeña prima por los productos ibéricos con un DOP. Por lo tanto, las PDO deben reorientarse para proporcionar un valor agregado al producto. ; The publication of the Spanish Quality Standards legislation regulating meat products from Iberian pigs has meant the obligatory certification of the system of production, feed, and breed in the Iberian pig sector. The Standard is designed to ensure the quality of the final product, avoiding the frauds that may have occurred previously taking advantage of the heterogeneity of the product. Traditionally, the Protected Designation of Origin labels offered the consumer guarantee and security, but this role has largely been taken over by the Quality Standards. In this context, there is a need to study consumers' knowledge and valuation of these two quality indicators. It has been observed that, although PDOs are better known than the Quality Standards, consumers are willing to pay only a small premium for Iberian products with a PDO. Hence, PDOs need to be reoriented so as to provide added value to the product. ; peerReviewed

the work shows two studies carried out in Spanish adolescents aimed at studying the relationship between breeding styles, prosocial behaviour and empathy, aggressiveness, emotional instability and anger from a twofold approach: in one of the studies (N = 531) the assessment of rearing styles is carried out by the mother and in the other (N = 782) by adolescents. The results show that when it is the mother who assesses child-rearing styles, they have less predictive power in pro-social behaviour. Positive assessment of the child, emotional support together with consistency in the application of the rules is the child-raising style most positively related to empathy and pro-social behaviour. Keywords: Pro-social behaviour, child-rearing styles, personality, adolescence. The work shows two studies carried out with Spanish adolescents. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between rearing Styles, prosocial behaviour and empathy, aggressiveness, emotional instability and Anger, from a double perspective. In one of these studies (N = 531), the rearing Styles were evaluated by the Mother and in the other one (N = 782) by the adolescents. The results indicate that prosocial behaves are not well predicted by the motor's analysis of rearing style. A positive evaluation by the son or ughter, an interest and emotional support and coherence in the application of standards, constituting the replacement style most related with empathy and with prosocial behaviour. Key words: Prosocial behaviour, Styles of rearing, personality, Adolescence. ; El trabajo muestra dos estudios realizados con adolescentes españoles cuyo objetivo es estudiar la relación entre los estilos de crianza, el comportamiento prosocial y la empatía, la agresividad, la inestabilidad emocional y la ira desde un doble planteamiento: en uno de los estudios (N = 531) la evaluación de los estilos de crianza la realiza la madre y en el otro (N = 782), los adolescentes. Los resultados indican que cuando es la madre quien evalúa los estilos de crianza, éstos ...

This paper is a contribution of the Marine Observatory of Asturias (OMA) and the Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA) and it has been supported by the Regional Government of Asturias through the Project FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000201.

Background: Few studies have investigated the effects of adopting a specific and prolonged posture on cyclists. This study aimed to evaluate the upright spine in a sample of recreational cyclists and compare it with a sample of non-cyclists, though still athletes, through a 3D scanning method. Methods: Forty-eight participants were enrolled in this observational study. The sample consisted of 25 cyclists for the cycling group and 23 non-cyclist athletes for the control group. The Spine3D device (Sensor Medica, Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy) was used to evaluate the spine of the participants in both groups. Results: The results showed significantly greater spine inclination in the cycling group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in lumbar lordosis in the cycling group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This case–control study raises the possibility that the onset of lower back pain in cyclists may be due to a reduction in lumbar lordosis. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the Spine3D device can be used in sports to monitor the spine of athletes to prevent and reduce musculoskeletal deficits.

El presente libro es el resultado de una investigación en torno a la comprensión de los diversos fenómenos de consumo y los cambios generacionales emergentes, de los grupos de investigación Consumo y Mercados de la Facultad de Mercadeo de la Universidad Santo Tomás, el grupo de investigación GEMA de Universitaria Agustiniana (Uniagustiniana) y la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) de México. Al respecto, es importante sustentar que la investigación en mención, partiendo de la comprensión de los fenómenos de consumo como expresión inocultable de las sociedades de estos tiempos, ve en el crecimiento apabullante del consumo, las resignificaciones simbólicas del valor funcional que antes tenían los productos, mediado por la presencia de sofisticadas tecnologías de la comunicación, que han servido de base para que la publicidad, las marcas y las seductoras ofertas del mercado, se masifiquen y busquen emularse cada vez más, favoreciendo la hiperindividualidad consumista, desde donde las brechas generacionales entre millenials y centennials se hacen evidentes con la supremacía del deseo, el dinero y los placeres que el consumo otorga en sus diferentes manifestaciones, haciéndose más compleja la comprensión intergeneracional en lo que a hábitos y costumbres familiares se refiere, así como el debilitado vínculo emocional establecido con las personas, mas no con las marcas, las redes sociales, las relaciones comerciales y personales online. ; This book is the result of research into the understanding of various consumer phenomena and emerging generational changes, by the Consumption and Markets research groups of the Marketing Faculty of the Universidad Santo Tomás, the GEMA research group of the Universidad Agustiniana (Uniagustiniana) and the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) in Mexico. In this respect, it is important to point out that the research in question, starting from the understanding of consumer phenomena as an undeniable expression of the societies of these times, sees in the overwhelming growth of consumption, the symbolic resignifications of the functional value that the products previously had, mediated by the presence of sophisticated communication technologies, which have served as a basis for advertising, brands and the seductive offers of the market, to become more and more mass-produced and to seek to emulate them, favouring consumerist hyper-individuality, from which the generational gaps between millennials and centennials become evident with the supremacy of desire, money and the pleasures that consumption grants in its different manifestations, making intergenerational understanding more complex as far as family habits and customs are concerned, as well as the weakened emotional bond established with people, but not with brands, social networks, commercial and personal relationships online.

Existe una serie de fenómenos que se enmarca en procesos de construcción de sentido compartido en donde operan figuras simbólicas, estructuras de pensamiento, memorias colectivas, formas arquetípicas, entre otros elementos que van construyendo, de-construyendo y haciendo circular lo que se ha denominado como imaginarios y representaciones sociales. En esta línea, el objetivo general de esta publicación es identificar la investigación en torno a los imaginarios y las representaciones sociales en Iberoamérica, así como establecer tipos de investigación y determinar triangulaciones entre enfoques teóricos e investigación aplicada. ; There is a series of phenomena that is framed in shared sense construction processes where symbolic figures, thought structures, collective memories, archetypal forms, among other elements that build, de-construct and circulate what has been called as imaginary and social representations. In this line, the general objective of this publication is to identify research around the imaginaries and social representations in Ibero-America, as well as to establish types of research and determine triangulations between theoretical approaches and applied research.