Suchergebnisse

Tropical low-land rainforests are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and provide valuable ecosystem services such as climate change mitigation. They are immensely threatened by expanding human land-use. Especially in South-East Asia, deforestation and replacement with cash crop monoculture plantations such as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) have led to drastic losses in biodiversity and to ecosystem degradation. Recently, the research focus has increasingly extended to belowground demonstrating strong structuring effects of human land-use on soil mi...

Am 2. und 3. November 2021 trafen sich in Braunschweig Fachleute aus der waldbezogenen Biodiversitätsforschung und dem Monitoring, um fundierte Ideen und Vorschläge zur Erstellung eines nationalen Biodiversi-tätsmonitorings im Wald (NaBioWald) zu sammeln und einen Überblick über das diesbezügliche Meinungs-spektrum zu erlangen. Impulsreferate zeigten Ansprüche, Potenziale und Grenzen bestehender und neuer Walderhebungen in Deutschland aus Sicht der Waldpolitik, dem Nationalen Monitoringzentrum zur Biodiversität (NMZB), den Forstlichen Versuchsanstalten und der Schweiz, die bereits auf Erfahrungen eines etablierten Biodiversitätsmonitorings zurückgreifen kann. In den Fachdiskussionen wurden die möglichen Voraussetzungen, Erfolgsfaktoren, Barrieren und Methoden, sowie das potentielle Erfassungsdesign eines nationalen Biodiversitätsmonitorings im Wald diskutiert. Es wurden Entwicklungsoptionen und Lücken bestehender Flächennetze/Erhebungen analysiert und Akteure für die Qualitätssicherung und Akzeptanz der Konzeption definiert. Ein Monitoring ist notwendig und soll repräsentativ und robust relevante Entwicklungen der verschiedenen Ebenen der Biodiversität aufzeigen. Es soll bestehende nationale Walderhebungen einbinden, andere Erhebun-gen zur Biodiversität ergänzen sowie die aus ihnen resultierenden Erkenntnisse nutzen und – wo notwendig – neue Erhebungen integrieren. Neben der Biodiversität selbst sollen auch natürliche und anthropogene Einfluss-größen ("Treiber") erfasst werden. Genutzt werden soll es für ein biodiversitätsorientiertes Waldmanagement, für die Politik(-beratung) und Maßnahmensteuerung des Bundes und der Länder und für die Erfüllung von Berichtspflichten. Das Biodiversitätsmonitoring benötigt langfristig gesicherte Ressourcen und klare Verantwortlichkeiten. Als nächstes Ziel soll ein NaBioWald-Konzept ausgearbeitet werden. Die Monitoringaufgabe ist wegen der Komplexität, des Aufwands und der großen räumlichen Abdeckung von Bund und Ländern nur gemeinsam und arbeitsteilig unter Einbezug möglichst ...

Am 2. und 3. November 2021 trafen sich in Braunschweig Fachleute aus der waldbezogenen Biodiversitätsforschung und dem Monitoring, um fundierte Ideen und Vorschläge zur Erstellung eines nationalen Biodiversitätsmonitorings im Wald (NaBioWald) zu sammeln und einen Überblick über das diesbezügliche Meinungsspektrum zu erlangen. Impulsreferate zeigten Ansprüche, Potenziale und Grenzen bestehender und neuer Walderhebungen in Deutschland aus Sicht der Waldpolitik, dem Nationalen Monitoringzentrum zur Biodiversität (NMZB), den Forstlichen Versuchsanstalten und der Schweiz, die bereits auf Erfahrungen eines etablierten Biodiversitätsmonitorings zurückgreifen kann. In den Fachdiskussionen wurden die möglichen Voraussetzungen, Erfolgsfaktoren, Barrieren und Methoden, sowie das potentielle Erfassungsdesign eines nationalen Biodiversitätsmonitorings im Wald diskutiert. Es wurden Entwicklungsoptionen und Lücken bestehender Flächennetze/Erhebungen analysiert und Akteure für die Qualitätssicherung und Akzeptanz der Konzeption definiert. Ein Monitoring ist notwendig und soll repräsentativ und robust relevante Entwicklungen der verschiedenen Ebenen der Biodiversität aufzeigen. Es soll bestehende nationale Walderhebungen einbinden, andere Erhebungen zur Biodiversität ergänzen sowie die aus ihnen resultierenden Erkenntnisse nutzen und - wo notwendig - neue Erhebungen integrieren. Neben der Biodiversität selbst sollen auch natürliche und anthropogene Einflussgrößen ('Treiber') erfasst werden. Genutzt werden soll es für ein biodiversitätsorientiertes Waldmanagement, für die Politik(-beratung) und Maßnahmensteuerung des Bundes und der Länder und für die Erfüllung von Berichtspflichten. Das Biodiversitätsmonitoring benötigt langfristig gesicherte Ressourcen und klare Verantwortlichkeiten. Als nächstes Ziel soll ein NaBioWald-Konzept ausgearbeitet werden. Die Monitoringaufgabe ist wegen der Komplexität, des Aufwands und der großen räumlichen Abdeckung von Bund und Ländern nur gemeinsam und arbeitsteilig unter Einbezug möglichst aller betroffenen Akteure umsetzbar. Lokale bzw. regionale Ansätze können zusätzlich Beiträge leisten und Schnittstellen schaffen. ; On 2-3 November 2021, experts in forest-related biodiversity research and monitoring met in Braunschweig to discuss the establishment of a harmonised national forest biodiversity monitoring programme (NaBioWald). Keynote speakers gave an overview on demands, potentials, and limits of existing and new forest monitoring surveys in Germany from the perspectives of forest policy, the National Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (NMZB), forest research institutes, and Switzerland, which can already draw on the experience of a successfully established biodiversity monitoring. During the discussions, requirements, success factors, obstacles, methods, and survey design of monitoring as part of the monitoring were addressed. Further development options and gaps in existing networks/surveys were analysed, stakeholders ensuring the quality and acceptance of a concept were defined. A monitoring should provide representative and robust information on relevant developments of the different levels of forest biodiversity. It should make use of existing national forest surveys, complement other biodiversity surveys and - whenever necessary - integrate new surveys. Natural and anthropogenic influencing factors ("drivers") should be recorded to complement biodiversity assessments. The monitoring shall enable biodiversity-oriented forest management as well as policy advice, serve as a control mechanism for implemented measures by the federal government and the states, and provide a basis for the fulfilment of reporting obligations. A national forest biodiversity monitoring needs long-term funding and clear responsibilities. The next step will be the development of a NaBioWald concept. Due to its complexity, the required resources and its large spatial coverage, the establishment of a national forest biodiversity monitoring depends on the collaboration of federal and state governments with all involved stakeholders. Local or regional approaches can supplement these efforts.

Land-use intensification can increase provisioning ecosystem services, such as food and timber production, but it also drives changes in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity loss, which may ultimately compromise human wellbeing. To understand how changes in land-use intensity affect the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services, we built networks from correlations between the species richness of 16 trophic groups, 10 ecosystem functions, and 15 ecosystem services. We evaluated how the properties of these networks varied across land-use intensity gradients for 150 forests and 150 grasslands. Land-use intensity significantly affected network structure in both habitats. Changes in connectance were larger in forests, while changes in modularity and evenness were more evident in grasslands. Our results show that increasing land-use intensity leads to more homogeneous networks with less integration within modules in both habitats, driven by the belowground compartment in grasslands, while forest responses to land management were more complex. Land-use intensity strongly altered hub identity and module composition in both habitats, showing that the positive correlations of provisioning services with biodiversity and ecosystem functions found at low land-use intensity levels, decline at higher intensity levels. Our approach provides a comprehensive view of the relationships between multiple components of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services and how they respond to land use. This can be used to identify overall changes in the ecosystem, to derive mechanistic hypotheses, and it can be readily applied to further global change drivers. ; The work has been supported by the DFG Priority Program 1374 "Infrastructure-Biodiversity-Exploratories". S.S. was supported by the Spanish Government under Ramón y Cajal Contract RYC-2016-20604.

Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated the relationships between 12 stand-level forest attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity and plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, and proxies for 14 ecosystem services in 150 temperate forest plots. Our results show that forest attributes are the best predictors of most ecosystem services and are also good predictors of several synergies and trade-offs between services. Environmental factors also play an important role, mostly in combination with forest attributes. Our study suggests that managing forests to increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, and canopy gaps would promote the supply of multiple ecosystem services. These results highlight the potential for forest management to encourage multifunctional forests and suggest that a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help to mitigate trade-offs in human-dominated landscapes. ; The work has been supported by the DFG Priority Program 1374 "Infrastructure-Biodiversity-Exploratories". Field work permits were issued by the responsible state environmental offices of Baden-Württemberg, Thüringen and Brandenburg (according to § 72 BbgNatSchG). S.S. was supported by the Spanish Government under a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20604).

The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide.The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone—US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation—is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation.This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities. ; This work was supported in part by West Virginia University under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) McIntire-Stennis Funds WVA00104 and WVA00105; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research Program at Cedar Creek (DEB-1234162); the University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources and Institute on the Environment; the Architecture and Environment Department of Italcementi Group, Bergamo (Italy); a Marie Skłodowska Curie fellowship; Polish National Science Center grant 2011/02/A/NZ9/00108; the French L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (Centre d'Étude de la Biodiversité Amazonienne: ANR-10-LABX-0025); the General Directory of State Forest National Holding DB; General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland (Research Projects 1/07 and OR/2717/3/11); the 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Support Project (grant 2012BAD22B02) of China; the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program funded by NSF and the U.S. Forest Service (any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government); National Research Foundation of Korea (grant NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037721), Korea Forest Service (grants S111215L020110, S211315L020120 and S111415L080120) and Promising-Pioneering Researcher Program through Seoul National University (SNU) in 2015; Core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Science and Innovation Group; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories; Chilean research grants Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) 1151495 and 11110270; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant RGPIN-2014-04181); Brazilian Research grants CNPq 312075/2013 and FAPESC 2013/TR441 supporting Santa Catarina State Forest Inventory (IFFSC); the General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland; the Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry project W07; the Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten AöR); German Science Foundation for project PR 292/12-1; the European Union for funding the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR; FEDER/ COMPETE/POCI under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013; Swiss National Science Foundation grant 310030B_147092; the EU H2020 PEGASUS project (no 633814), EU H2020 Simwood project (no 613762); and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the framework of the MultiFUNGtionality Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF) under grant agreement 655815. The expeditions in Cameroon to collect the data were partly funded by a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council (UK) to Simon L. Lewis.

The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone—US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation—is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities.