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The failure of détente has been a popular theme among historians of American foreign policy, with opinions divided as to where the responsibility for this failure lies. A commonality among all points of view, however, is the importance of events in the third world, particularly in the "Arc of Crisis." One such event—the Ogaden War between Ethiopia and Somalia— prompted Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Carter's national security advisor, to comment that détente was "buried" in the Ogaden. His point was that Carter's new approach to the cold war was put to the test during the Ogaden War, and there the policy's untenability was proven. The policy's failure, in turn, encouraged Soviet adventurism, which further alienated the American public from Carter's attempt to fight the cold war. Carter's policy eventually led to the withdrawal of the SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Treaty and, as Brzezinski claimed, the collapse of détente. This article discusses Carter's foreign policy toward the Ogaden War, considers the accuracy of Brzezinski's claim, and reaches conclusions regarding the role of the Carter administration in the demise of détente.

The failure of detente has been a popular theme among historians of American foreign policy, with opinions divided as to where the responsibility for this failure lies. A commonality among all points of view, however, is the importance of events in the third world, particularly in the 'Arc of Crisis.' One such event-the Ogaden War between Ethiopia and Somalia- prompted Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Carter's national security advisor, to comment that detente was 'buried' in the Ogaden. His point was that Carter's new approach to the cold war was put to the test during the Ogaden War, and there the policy's untenability was proven. The policy's failure, in turn, encouraged Soviet adventurism, which further alienated the American public from Carter's attempt to fight the cold war. Carter's policy eventually led to the withdrawal of the SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Treaty and, as Brzezinski claimed, the collapse of detente. This article discusses Carter's foreign policy toward the Ogaden War, considers the accuracy of Brzezinski's claim, and reaches conclusions regarding the role of the Carter administration in the demise of detente. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Ogaden is a deserted territory in the East of Ethiopia, claimed by the colonial Italian government before independence and by Somalia after, on the basis of 1908 written agreements between Ethiopia and Italia. The examined subject has been divided into several phases, as well as the plot of an opera, in which the main characters go on the stage by force, meanwhile the almost timorous bit player are in the background of the stage. Thus, it has been analysed the history of the claimed territory until 1st July 1960, when Somalia became independent. The first two phases concern the whole colonial period until to defeat of Italy in the Second World War. With the ONU resolutions the final phase of the question of Ogaden begins, in which the main characters will not only be the usual western powers and Ethiopia, but also the Somali peoples will make hear their protest.They will turn into bit player/protagonists trying in vain to achieve their objective in the name of justice and freedom of the peoples, appealing to the highest personalities in the international community. The Somali peoples assumed the part of protagonist after the declaration of independence of the colonial territory, without finding a solution to the difficult controversy. ; Ogaden is a deserted territory in the East of Ethiopia, claimed by the colonial Italian government before independence and by Somalia after, on the basis of 1908 written agreements between Ethiopia and Italia. The examined subject has been divided into several phases, as well as the plot of an opera, in which the main characters go on the stage by force, meanwhile the almost timorous bit player are in the background of the stage. Thus, it has been analysed the history of the claimed territory until 1st July 1960, when Somalia became independent. The first two phases concern the whole colonial period until to defeat of Italy in the Second World War. With the ONU resolutions the final phase of the question of Ogaden begins, in which the main characters will not only be the usual western powers and Ethiopia, but also the Somali peoples will make hear their protest.They will turn into bit player/protagonists trying in vain to achieve their objective in the name of justice and freedom of the peoples, appealing to the highest personalities in the international community. The Somali peoples assumed the part of protagonist after the declaration of independence of the colonial territory, without finding a solution to the difficult controversy.

For several decades, the territory of Ogaden in Ethiopia has witnessed bloody conflicts between various groups that have claimed control over this region throughout history. In this study, the authors analyze the sources of the incompatibility of the goals of the main actors, the escalatory event that resulted in open conflict, attempts at internal and external mediation and their success, and the success of attempts to de-escalate the conflict. The study reaches the conclusion that the domestic conflict over the status of the Ogaden province follows a logic that is common to most armed conflicts. Adapted from the source document.

The author discusses the attempts of President Siyad Barre to develop Somali nationalism, his attempts to do away with tribalism but at the same time favouring three clans. Background of the war with Ethiopia regarding Ogaden, Somalia's support for the Ogadeni Western Somali Liberation Front; background of the civil war in Somalia among other issues. (DÜI-Sen)

When President Siyad took power in 1969 'Tribalism', which was associated with nepotism and corruption, was officially banned. In practice, however, it continued in government as the president surrounded himself with ministers drawn from his own patrilineal clan, the Marehan. This has caused further tension threatening the stability of the country. (AFH)

At the turn of the century, Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan led a 21-year battle against foreign colonialists in the Somali lands. Then British aircraft mercilessly bombarded his main fort at Talex in 1920, and he died a few months later, his military forces in utter disarray. The Sayid, as he is known, is none the less considered the father of modern Somali nationalism. Military defeat did not spoil the lustre of this hero's feats.