Suchergebnisse

Front Cover -- BIOMETALS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS -- BIOMETALS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Introduction to metallomics: the science of biometals -- Introduction to metallomics -- The metal composition of our body -- Metals in the central nervous system -- References -- 2 - Measuring biometals -- Measuring metals -- Measuring metals in biomedical research and the clinics -- Detecting metal deficiencies -- Measuring zinc -- References -- 3 - The history of metals in autism spectrum disorders -- The history of autism spectrum disorders -- The history of metal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders-heavy metal pollution -- Lead -- Mercury -- Mercury and vaccination -- Cadmium -- The history of metal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders-dyshomeostasis of essential metals -- Iron -- Zinc -- Copper -- Other essential metals -- References -- 4 - Essential trace metals and their function in brain development -- Trace metals in brain development and function -- The role of iron in brain development and function -- The role of zinc in brain development and function -- The role of copper in brain development and function -- The role of manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum in brain development and function -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 - Nonessential metals and their brain pathology -- Pathology of toxic metals -- Neurotoxicity of lead -- Neurotoxicity of mercury -- Neurotoxicity of cadmium -- Pathomechanisms of toxic metals in autism spectrum disorder -- Competition with essential metals -- Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation -- Mitochondrial dysfunction -- Neuroinflammation and gliosis -- Axonal demyelination -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 - Biometals and nutrition in autism spectrum disorders -- Absorption and transport of metals -- Iron -- Zinc -- Copper.

There is very little research about autism and intellectual impairment in later life, and it of concern to autistic people and their families that there is no obvious source of advice about high quality services dedicated to ensuring that life can be lived to the full right up until death. Advanced planning is clearly a good idea, but looking into what might be out there can feel like staring into a void and this can create anxiety for those trying to plan ahead. This anxiety is well founded as provision is limited and there seems to be little political will to change this situation, despite equalities and autism legislation which aims to improve quality of life for autistic and other disabled people throughout life. The picture is worrying for those who are formally diagnosed and there will also inevitably be ageing adults on the spectrum who never had the opportunity to access a diagnosis and the notional legal protections this may afford. Some generic information about medical, social, emotional and practical aspects of ageing may be useful, but it is essential to think specifically about what might be helpful for older autistic people with lifelong or acquired cognitive difficulties and who may also experience lifelong or acquired barriers to communication. Understanding autism from a social model perspective is important, but the emphasis must be place on individuality, so that professionals are alive to potential stereotyping, including making heteronormative assumptions. Listening to autistic people about this subject provides a good starting point, and more autistic involvement in research about what might be conducive to health and happiness in old age, and the deployment of resources to make this happen would be marvellous.

Qu'est-ce que la vie intime, comment se met-elle en place et se développe-t-elle ou pas chez un sujet ou bien peut plus ou moins achopper ? Les « cliniques de l'être plus que du sujet », dont l'autisme constitue le paradigme, nous permettent de le saisir par la négative, notamment à partir de la dissolution, l'atténuation ou la mutation des symptômes au cours d'effets transférentiels d'un parcours d'ordre psychanalytique. Après l'avancée de précisions quant au rapprochement proposé entre l'intime et le féminin, puis une présentation des caractéristiques de l'autisme comme échec du féminin ou de l'intime, on développera, à l'appui de résolutions transférentielles créatives, les opérations psychiques (la métapsychologie) sous-jacentes à la capacité d'intimité pour un sujet, tant pour lui-même qu'avec d'autres.

In this article, I explain how International Relations scholarship relates to ableism. Ableism is a sociopolitical system of narratives, institutions, and actions collectively reinforcing an ideology that benefits persons deemed able-bodied, able-minded, and normal by others, and devalues, limits, and discriminates against those deemed physically and/or mentally disabled and abnormal. International Relations scholars have been quick to utilize disability metaphors as rhetorical support for their arguments and analyses. This article discusses how metaphors in general — and disability metaphors in particular — get their meaning from various other discourses and narratives. International Relations scholars, in the case of disability metaphors, often draw from discourses and narratives that perpetuate ableism. I demonstrate how disability metaphors can be ableist by researching how several International Relations foreign policy analysts and theorists have applied autism metaphors. I argue that International Relations' uses of autism metaphors are ableist insomuch as they shape or reinforce understandings of autism that often oversimplify, overgeneralize, or otherwise misrepresent autism and Autistic people in ways that portray autism negatively. In the conclusion, I reflect on the importance of a disability studies program in International Relations and the broad set of topics that such a program should pursue.

In this article, I explain how International Relations scholarship relates to ableism. Ableism is a sociopolitical system of narratives, institutions, and actions collectively reinforcing an ideology that benefits persons deemed able-bodied, able-minded, and normal by others, and devalues, limits, and discriminates against those deemed physically and/or mentally disabled and abnormal. International Relations scholars have been quick to utilize disability metaphors as rhetorical support for their arguments and analyses. This article discusses how metaphors in general — and disability metaphors in particular — get their meaning from various other discourses and narratives. International Relations scholars, in the case of disability metaphors, often draw from discourses and narratives that perpetuate ableism. I demonstrate how disability metaphors can be ableist by researching how several International Relations foreign policy analysts and theorists have applied autism metaphors. I argue that International Relations' uses of autism metaphors are ableist insomuch as they shape or reinforce understandings of autism that often oversimplify, overgeneralize, or otherwise misrepresent autism and Autistic people in ways that portray autism negatively. In the conclusion, I reflect on the importance of a disability studies program in International Relations and the broad set of topics that such a program should pursue.