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AbstractIntroductionStrategies are needed to curb the increasing HIV incidence in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and transgender women (YTGW) worldwide. We assessed the impact of youth‐friendly services (YFS) and a mobile phone application (app) on adherence to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in YMSM and YTGW in Thailand.MethodsA randomized control trial was conducted in YMSM and YTGW aged 15 to 19 years. Participants were provided daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumerate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), condoms and randomized to receive either YFS or YFS plus a PrEP app (YFS + APP), whose features included self‐assessment of HIV acquisition risk, point rewards and reminders for PrEP and clinic appointments. Clinic visits occurred at zero, one, three and six months and telephone contact at two, four and five months. HIV testing was performed at every clinic visit. PrEP adherence was evaluated with intracellular tenofovir diphosphate (TFV‐DP) concentrations in dried blood spot (DBS) samples at months 3 and 6. The primary endpoint assessed was "PrEP adherence" defined as TFV‐DP DBS concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch (equivalent to ≥4 doses of TDF/week).ResultsBetween March 2018 and June 2019, 489 adolescents were screened at three centres in Bangkok. Twenty‐seven (6%) adolescents tested positive for HIV and 200 (41%) adolescents participated in the study. Of these, 147 were YMSM (74%) and 53 YTGW (26%). At baseline, median age was 18 years (IQR 17 to 19), 66% reported inconsistent condom use in the past month. Sexually transmitted infection prevalence was 23%. Retention at six months was 73%. In the YFS + APP arm, median app use duration was three months (IQR 1 to 5). PrEP adherence at month 3 was 51% in YFS and 54% in YFS + APP (p‐value 0.64) and at month 6 was 44% in YFS and 49% in YFS + APP (p‐value 0.54). No HIV seroconversions occurred during 75 person years of follow‐up.ConclusionsYouth‐friendly PrEP services enabled good adherence among half of adolescent PrEP users. However, the mobile phone application tested did not provide additional PrEP adherence benefit in this randomized trial. Adolescent risk behaviours are dynamic and require adaptive programmes that focus on "prevention‐effective adherence."

Measuring key components of resilience is vital for understanding cross‐cultural dynamics among youth and the environment. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM‐28) was developed as a cross‐cultural measure of resilience and has been used globally. To examine the cross‐cultural utility of the CYRM‐28, we conducted a systematic review of the literature reporting on the psychometric properties of the measure. Using data representing six countries (N = 6,232) that were supplied from authors of the studies reviewed, a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted to estimate the variability of the measurement properties among communities, ages, and sex. Results indicate that the literature generally did not include reliability and validity information for the instrument. From the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, the measure was invariant between adolescent age‐groups and sexes but not across communities.

Background: We sought to determine the time course of changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle damage following a single rugby union match. Methods: Fourteen male amateur rugby players (28.9 ± 3.5 yrs; 1.7 ± 5.1 m; 86.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated. Plasma activity of creatine kinase ([CK]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-run test (change of direction) and 30-m sprint (T30; speed) with 10-m lap time (T10; acceleration) were assessed on six occasions: one week before the match (PRE) and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-match. Results: Relative to PRE, LDH was elevated immediately post-match (+33.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and [CK] was elevated immediately (+64.1% ± 38.8%, p = 0.001) and 24 h post-match (+352% ± 317%; p = 0.024). L-run test time increased 16.0 ± 8.7% relative to PRE at 24 h post (p < 0.001) and remained elevated through 96 h post-match (p < 0.05). T10 and T30 times increased relative to PRE immediately post-match (+12.0% ± 10.4%, p = 0.008; and +6.1% ± 4.9%; p = 0.006, respectively), though T30 times were similar to baseline by 48 h post-match whereas T10 times remained elevated through 72 h post-match. Conclusions: A single, competitive rugby union match induces significant muscle damage and performance decrements with distinct time courses of recovery in amateur athletes. Notably, change of direction attributes (i.e., L-run) appear to have the longest time course to full recovery.

J.M.-S. acknowledges support through the Cların Programme ́from the Government of the Principality of Asturias and a Marie Curie-COFUND European grant (PA-18-ACB17-29). J.T.-G. acknowledges support through the Severo Ochoa Program from the Goverment of the Principality of Asturias (PA-18-PF-BP17-126). P.A.-G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under Starting Grant 715496, 2DNANOPTICA. R.T., D.T., and M.S. acknowledge support by the European Research council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (SPQRel, Grant agreement No. 679183). C.S. acknowledges support by the European Research council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (UnLiMIt-2D, Grant agreement No. 679288). A.R. acknowledges support from the Linz Institute of Technology (LIT). The Würzburg group acknowledges support by the State of Bavaria. S.T. acknowledges support from NSF DMR-1552220, NSF CMMI-1933214 and NSF DMR-1838443.

This work was supported by the FWF (P 29603), the Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), the LIT Secure and Correct Systems Lab funded by the state of Upper Austria, the EU project HANAS (No. 601126210), AWS Austria Wirtschaftsservice (PRIZE Programme, Grant No. P1308457), the European Research council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (SPQRel, Grant Agreement No. 679183), and the German Excellence Initiative via the Cluster of Excellence Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). X. Yuan acknowledges support of the China Scholarship Council (CSC, No. 201306090010). Y. Huo thanks support of NSFC (No. 11774326) and STCSM (Nos. 17ZR1443900 and 17PJ1409900). J.M.-S. acknowledges support through the Clarín Programme from the Government of the Principality of Asturias and a Marie Curie-COFUND European grant (No. PA-18-ACB17-29).

La investigación indagó los procesos sociales como expresión del movimiento tensional entre intervención social, espacios y formatos organizativos y politicidades que se despliegan con relación a la territorialidad. El trabajo exploratorio descriptivo, abordó el objeto cualitativamente, intentando captar la perspectiva de los actores observando cómo y bajo qué circunstancias producen, reproducen,recrean y/o transforman prácticas sociales, preguntándonos acerca de la incidenciade la intervención social en cada momento sobre las organizaciones sociales y en ese plano poder reconocer la politicidad que las mismas expresan. Nos planteamos como supuesto, que nos encontramos frente organizaciones sociales que responden a diferentes lógicas inscriptas en matrices divergentes que, no obstante, coexisten; lógicas en las que la intervención social de cada momento ha contribuido, sea como objetivo o como consecuencias no deseadas. En los resultados pudimos identificar modalidades que se expresan a través de rasgos que las caracterizan, encontrándonos con una territorialización desde una matriz asistencial en el Club de Abuelas de Barrio Belgrano, una construcción de la territorialidad a partir de la militancia partidaria en el Club Banfield, una territorialización de la noción de derechos en el Complejo Comunitario de Barrio Mitre, y una politización con rasgos tecnofilantrópicos en el Merendero Copa de Leche y Ropero Solidario.