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Resumen español. La bestialidad -o relaciones sexuales entre un ser humano y un animal- fue catalogada por la escolástica medieval como el peor de los crímenes contra la naturaleza y la modalidad más aberrante de lujuria. Siguiendo estos preceptos, la Monarquía Hispánica la persiguió y castigó en sus territorios peninsulares y americanos. No obstante, la pena de muerte estipulada en la ley sólo fue aplicada en una ocasión en la Nueva Granada entre 1615 y 1809. La presente investigación explica las causas de la diversidad de sanciones para el bestialismo y propone que fue entendido como un acto masturbatorio por sus perpetradores, y como un síntoma de una masculinidad averiada por las autoridades. Ese carácter infamante le dio connotaciones políticas, en tanto pudo asociarse a imaginarios sociales y raciales para inferiorizar a los inculpados. Empero, ellos encontraron en esas representaciones culturales y en las normas, las tácticas para escapar al último suplicio. ; Abstract. Bestiality -sexual intercourse between a human being and an animal- was cataloged by medieval scholastic as the worst crime against nature and the most aberrant form of lust. Following these precepts, the Hispanic Monarchy pursued and punished this crime in their American and mainland territories. However, the capital penalty stipulated in the law was only applied once in the New Granada between 1615 and 1809. This research explains the causes of the diversity of punishments for bestiality and suggests that it was understood by its perpetrators as a masturbatory act, and as a symptom of a damaged masculinity by the authorities. That defamatory nature gave political connotations, as it could be associated with social and racial imaginary to inferiorize indictees. Nevertheless, they found in cultural representations and norms tactics to escape the ultimate torture. ; Maestría

International audience ; Many scholars have applied the term trickster (deceiver) as a notion to some characters occupying a prominent place, other times not, insome complex beliefs systems among West African traditional societies. Understanding Eshu, seen as a mediator or translator of Yoruba religion (Nigeria, Benin), will determine other orisha's specificity. The latter are different from one another in the way they are delineated by an intermediary gap. Eshu is the only one who, as a geomantic oracle vector and the interpreter of most of cult-groups authorities, knows predominantly all about the secrets of universe whom he has received no share — the only identified realm has been the market place. As a remarkable figure metwithin the religious system, Eshu means fluctuant values and the reverse (or other)side of institutions. Within the well established religious system order he introducesan important margin of unpredictability or uncertainty that "loosens the ring up".Therefore he sets the whole organized religious system free questioning all thatexists. As an omniscient and ubiquitous agent — whatever are the levels of traditions or religion concerned —, he urged us to consider attentively two phenomena: the sacred primacy found in each component of the social and political system; the need of a stimulating principle to create a new social order. In other words, whether Eshu must be seen as the translator and commissioner of the social order — this one remaining definitely out of reach — after the destruction of a previous social order, he expresses disorder thus creating a new social order. Considering individual or collective worship experiences from a dynamic standpoint Eshu solely and continuously maintains an absolute prerequisite for sacred replication. All these basic characteristics lead us to reconsider the notion of trickster itself and its false and indefeasible reality. This notion will be found firstly as an ever plausible working out keystone whose highlights are similar to mirage or ...

Correction in: LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10103 Pages: 1644-1644 Published: OCT 7 2017 . ; Background The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed. Methods We synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Worldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.2-25.7) for men and 5.4% (5.1-5.7) for women, representing 28.4% (25.8-31.1) and 34.4% (29.4-38.6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazzaville] and Azerbaijan for men and Kuwait and Timor-Leste for women). In 2015, 11.5% of global deaths (6.4 million [95% UI 5.7-7.0 million]) were attributable to smoking worldwide, of which 52.2% took place in four countries (China, India, the USA, and Russia). Smoking was ranked among the five leading risk factors by DALYs in 109 countries and territories in 2015, rising from 88 geographies in 1990. In terms of birth cohorts, male smoking prevalence followed similar age patterns across levels of SDI, whereas much more heterogeneity was found in age patterns for female smokers by level of development. While smoking prevalence and risk-deleted DALY rates mostly decreased by sex and SDI quintile, population growth, population ageing, or a combination of both, drove rises in overall smoking-attributable DALYs in low-SDI to middle-SDI geographies between 2005 and 2015. Interpretation The pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. Beyond the effect of the tobacco industry and societal mores, a crucial challenge facing tobacco control initiatives is that demographic forces are poised to heighten smoking's global toll, unless progress in preventing initiation and promoting cessation can be substantially accelerated. Greater success in tobacco control is possible but requires effective, comprehensive, and adequately implemented and enforced policies, which might in turn require global and national levels of political commitment beyond what has been achieved during the past 25 years. ; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies. ; Peer Reviewed

This article presents three fundamental problems which should be in cluded in an account of research in sociology of religion. The A. situates these problems within the framework of the French situation and seeks to present them 'not under a theoretical aspect, but from an organizational approach ... such as they arise from a structure'. The A. first analyses the lack of means by which sociological research is affected. University education allows little place for sociology of religion and even if the situation is better at the level of scientific research, the possibilities remain poor. Catholicism has given rise to many initiatives, but initiatives which provide 'on the whole a nucleus, some good ele ments, forming a dispersed and dissimilar whole'. The difficulty with re gard to formulating an objective of research in this field in operational terms, and the division between fundamental research and applied re search constitute other non negligible handicaps. The second problem raised by the A. is that of the backwardness of the theoretical approaches. Research in being chiefly orientated towards the systematic and scientific study of religious practice has met with another field of investigation: collective detachment with regard to a religion. The problem of 'dechristianisation' calls for other methods, another theoretical framework which at the moment comes up against a 'stone wall': how to link practice or the lack of practice to this faith of which it is an expression. To come across this wall would suppose, among other things, that we surmount the dichotomy artificially imposed between practice and faith. How explain that existing beliefs so long intact have ceased to constitute the basis of a political order, of a social consensus? Such a kind. of research must make use of instruments other than analysis of behaviour: 'it is indispensable to go as far as (the faithful's) thoughts, beliefs and prayers'; it must lead to the double problem of the 'reliability of the Church' and of the 'credibility of her teaching'. The third problem posed by the A. concerns the 'reduction' to which the sociology of Catholicism is often subjected in the mind of the clergy. The clergy has played a great part in the realization of sociographical studies, has liked sociology, but perhaps has retained only the technical aspects of it; it has reduced the image of sociology to a procedure of analysis of immediate practical problems. Hence the improvised, rudimentary and even a-scientific character of certain works. In the face of religious sociology the ecclesiastical authorities are unable to situate themselves and ignore what can be expected from it. This impoverished image has a tendency to develop in a 'pastoral sociology', apart from sociology it self, which utilizes its services but refuses its control. The A. warns against the scientific value of such a discipline. The future of religious sociology depends on a definite choice in this field.

Susan Koen in a lesbian women who has participated in many political and feminist movements throughout her lifetime. She was raised in New Orleans, but moved around a lot during her life, giving her a vast array of life experiences. She participated in the Anti-Nuclear Movement of the 70s and co-wrote a book called Ain't Nowhere We Can Run: A Handbook for Women on the Nuclear Mentality. In addition to this, she has studied and participated in a number of feminist collectives, including the Off Our Backs newspaper, the Women's Pentagon Action, and the Maine Won't Discriminate campaign. Koen wrote her dissertation on the organizational aspects of feminist workplaces, where she studied the New Hamsphire Feminist Health Center, Bloodroot: A Restaurant and Bookstore, and the Off Our Backs newspaper. Koen has a marked interest in music, has attended multiple different feminist music festivals, and loves Sweet Honey in the Rock, an African-American feminist musical group. Citation Please cite as: Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer+ Collection, Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversity in Maine, University of Southern Maine Libraries. For more information about the Querying the Past: Maine LGBTQ Oral History Project, please contact Dr. Wendy Chapkis. ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/querying_ohproject/1055/thumbnail.jpg

The identity, currently a vogue concept, covers a wide semantic field. In order to avoid confusion and to delimit my scope of analysis, it is necessary to define the meaning of that term. My approach to the identity of the heroes of Rashîd al-Daw is marked by two main axes, one affecting the personal identity dimensions, defined in the Encyclopaedia Universalis: "my identity is what makes me similar to myself and different from others; that is what I feel like to exist both in my characters and in my personal actions. My identity is what I define and know, by which I feel accepted and recognised as such by others. The dimensions of personal identity depend to a large extent on the ideologies of the person who pass through a given culture.' (1) The other affects the collective dimension. Talking about identity in this case would be to determine membership of a group "in which the individual is registered in a particular class of human being, against others." (2) ; International audience The hero's quest of identity is considered in Rashīd aḍ-Ḍa'īf's works on two levels, personal and collective. Aḍ-Ḍa'īf's novels, and especially 'Azīzī as-sayyid Kawabata and Nāḥiyat al-barā'a, reveal a process that is developed through three steps. The hero, who is autodiegetic, aims in the first step at the construction of a personal identity. He affirms his singularity and takes his distance with the familial group to adhere to a social and political community with which he believes that he will share the same ideals and convictions. A second step is marked by the collapse of this process. The hero multiplies the acknowledgments of failure on different levels: personal, ideological, political, cultural and religious. In the novels posterior to 'Azīzī as-sayyid Kawabata, this disappointment leads him to a third step where, plunged as he is in an utter confusion and anguish, he doubts of all kind of salutary dynamism. And we must insist on the fact that the influence of the Lebanese civil war is decisive in this evolution. ...

Contents: History, Method, Legacy – Claudio Panella: Industrial Labor in Italian Literature and Film before Neorealism – Lorenzo Marmo: Spaces and Bodies of Industrial Labor in Italian Cinema, 1945– 1975 – Paola Bonifazio: A Short History of Sponsored Film in Italy – Jim Carter: For a New Humanism: Literary and Cultural Debate in Il Menabò di letteratura – Emanuele Zinato: The Factory as Cultural Center – Sergio Ferrarese: Alienation and Class Struggle in Italian Literature – Alessandra Diazzi: Care or Control? Psychology and Psychoanalysis in Italian Factories – Andrea Sartori: Class Struggle and Its Metamorphoses: A Path through Postwar Italian Political Thought – Ambra Zorat: Women and/ in the Factory – Piergiorgio Mori: Ecocritical Approaches to Factory Life – Paolo Chirumbolo: The City, the Countryside and the «Great Transformation» in Italian Industrial Literature – Francesca Cantore and Andrea Minuz: Against Working- Class Idols: Thieves, Vitelloni, Hunks and the Dolce Vita in 1950s Italian Cinema – Carlo Baghetti: Contemporary Returns to Questions of Industry and Labor – Malvina Giordana: Italian Cinema in the Twenty- First Century: Representing the Precarious Subject – Italian Industrial Literature – Ugo Fracassa: Luigi Davì: The Caliber of a Working- Class Writer – Fabrizio di Maio: Mechanization and Exploitation in Ottiero Ottieri: Tempi stretti (1957) and Donnarumma all'assalto (1959) – Tiziano Toracca: Giovanni Arpino's Industrial Novels: Gli anni del giudizio (1958) and Una nuvola d'ira (1962) – Silvia Cavalli: Industrial Absurdities and Utopia in Giancarlo Buzzi's Il senatore (1958) and L'amore mio italiano (1963) – Giovanni Capecchi: Failure and Solitude in the Boom Years: The Vigevano Stories of Lucio Mastronardi – Mark Pietralunga: Luciano Bianciardi and the New Frenetic Era of Labor – Daniele Fioretti: Writing the Factory: Paolo Volponi's Industrial Novels – Ricciarda Ricorda: Reversing the Coming- of- Age Story in Industrial Society: Il padrone (1965) by Goffredo Parise – Pasquale Verdicchio: When Nothing Meets the Needs of Everything: Nanni Balestrini's Vogliamo tutto (1971) – Pierpaolo Antonello: La chiave a stella (1978): Labor sub specie Faussone – Erica Bellia: Tommaso Di Ciaula's Tuta blu (1978): The Voice and Body of the Working Class – Italian Industrial Film – Paola D'Amora: «Casa e lavoro»: Southern Labor and the Housing Problem in Eduardo De Filippo's Napoletani a Milano (1953) – Anna Masecchia: Giovanna (1955) and the Others: Factory Women in Reconstruction Italy – Federico Vitella: Love Is Not a Many Splendored Thing: Pietro Germi's L'uomo di paglia (1958) – Valerio Coladonato and Dalila Missero: Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960): Patterns of Labor, Space and Integration – Veronica Pravadelli: Il posto (1961) and the Gender of Italian Modernity – Lucia Cardone: Earth and Water: The Market of Bodies in La ragazza in vetrina (1961) – Andrea Mariani: The Working Class in Post- Neorealist Italian Cinema: Times and Politics of Mario Monicelli's I compagni (1963) – Eleonora Lima: The Factory as a Work of Art and an Alienating Force in Michelangelo Antonioni's Deserto rosso (1964) – Luca Peretti: Italiani nel mondo (1965): The Glorification of Italian Labor Abroad – Louis Bayman: A Spanner in the Works: Elio Petri from Il maestro di Vigevano (1963) to La classe operaia va in paradiso (1971) – Ilaria A. De Pascalis: The Seduction of a Worker in Lina Wertmüller's Mimì metallurgico ferito nell'onore (1972) – Mattia Lento: Migration, Industry and Class Struggle in Trevico- Torino: Viaggio nel Fiat- Nam (1973) – Appendix: Italian Industrial Literature and Film – A Tentative Canon.

Taking into account the methodology of Ukrainian and interdisciplinary studies, the available research on the theory and practice of identification processes, the article considers the phenomenon of civilizational identity of Ukrainians, its origins, formation, and current state from the standpoint of civilizational, anthropological, and sociocultural approaches. The concept of "civilizational identity" indicates the affiliation of an individual, ethnic group, or state to a particular civilization and is interpreted as a set of symbols, ideas, feelings, and self-awareness of their belonging to the Ukrainian cultural and civilizational community, which is based on national and universal values within the space of European civilizations and interaction with them.
The author analyzes theoretical and methodological foundations of civilizational identity presented in the works by A. Bergson, M. Weber, К. Wolf, S. Huntington, E. Gellner, I. Hoffmann, E. Husserl, J. Derrida, K. Eder, E. Erikson, G. Simmel, A. Camus, E. Cassier, A. Kuna, K. Levi-Strauss, G. Rickert, E. Smith, A. Toynbee, S. Freud, C. Jung, K. Jaspers, and others. He considers its Ukrainian features and structure: ethnic, national, cultural, religious, political, civic, European, and other components, shown in connection with the mentality and global nature against the background of historical progress and post-Soviet transformations, beginning from the Middle Ages, Kyivan Rus, the Renaissance, modernism and ending with postmodernism; emphasizes the historical mission of Ukrainian Cossacks as a national carrier of a new identity, tracks civilizational self-determination of the Ukrainian identity at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, as well as the role of consciousness, social psychology, and the national idea in the civilizational transformation of identity; highlights the causes of the identity crisis and schism in the conditions of totalitarianism, its devastating consequences for the identification process of Ukrainians in general.
The main focus is put on the study of the specifics of the civilizational identity formation in the conditions of independence of Ukraine; the role of its components – ethnic, religious, national, civic, and European; the contribution of T. Bevz, T. Voropaieva, M. Kozlovets, I. Kutsyi, L. Nahorna, M. Obushnyi, Yu. Pavlenko, Yu. Polishchuk, M. Popovych, O. Rafalskyi, V. Tkachenko, M. Shulha, M. Yurii, and others to the study of key aspects of the problem; the influence on the civilizational identification processes, European integration, and globalization of the modern world, Revolution of dignity, democratization of the society, interethnic relations, aggressive policy of Russia. The article highlights ways to preserve Ukrainian identity in the alien environment, the role of Ukrainians abroad in shaping civilizational identity.
Significant attention is paid to the importance of Ukrainian studies as an academic synthesis of historical, philosophical, ethnological, cultural, and psychological knowledge in the elaboration of scholarly bases for building the civilizational identity and summarizing the relevant accumulated practical experience. A number of proposals have been made to further research the problem, increasing the role of the state and civil society in activating the civilizational identification of Ukrainians and their prospects.

The textual data analysis origin is based on the analyzes carried out mainly on literary works, which include a recount of all Bible's words and the presentation of the first catalog of book classification of a library. At the beginning of 1900 these ideas are extended, giving rise to summaries generation of long texts, based on the analysis of frequencies and measures of relative significance of each term within a given text. From a formal statistical perspective, the text data processing takes hold when the Factorial Correspondence Analysis arises, developed for linguistic databases treatment. Now a day, the textual data statistical analysis has been sold and has increased its implementation. Among the main fields of application are: market analysis, web searches and journalistic studies, studies of psychology, education and sociology. The analyzed texts are organized and structured together in a single element. Thus, the textual data statistical analysis is defined as the process of extracting information from that element. This paper analyzes, from this perspective, of four presidential speeches in Uruguay, corresponding to Julio María Sanguinetti and Tabaré Vázquez. Both come from different ideological / political sectors, traditionally opposed / rivals and each has been part of the opposition government, during the mandate of each other. The presented results are multidimensional descriptive and are complemented by visualization elements, a tool typically used in textual data statistical analysis. The main results obtained show the difference that exists in the speeches, both at the level of the candidate and the period. ; El origen del análisis de datos textuales se remonta a los análisis realizados sobre obras literarias, destacándose un recuento de las palabras de la Biblia y el primer catálogo de clasificación de libros de una biblioteca. A principios de 1900 estas ideas se extienden dando lugar a la generación de resúmenes de largos textos, mediante análisis de frecuencias y medidas de significación relativa de cada término dentro de un texto. Desde una perspectiva estadística, el tratamiento de datos textuales se afianza cuando surge el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias, desarrollado para el trato de datos lingüísticos. Actualmente, el análisis estadístico de textos se ha expendido y ha ido incrementando su implementación, dejando de lado las aplicaciones únicamente a obras literarias. Los principales ámbitos de aplicación son: análisis de mercado, búsquedas web, periodismo, psicología y educación, sociología y politología. Los textos analizados se estructuran de forma conjunta en un único elemento. Así, el análisis estadístico de datos textuales se define como el proceso de extraer información de dicho elemento. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis, desde esta perspectiva, de cuatro discursos presidenciales de Uruguay, correspondientes a Julio María Sanguinetti y Tabaré Vázquez. Ambos provienen de sectores ideológicos/políticos distintos, tradicionalmente opuestos/rivales y cada uno ha formado parte del gobierno como oposición, durante el mandato del otro. Los resultados son de carácter descriptivo multidimensional y se complementan con elementos de visualización. Los principales resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la diferencia que existe en los discursos, a nivel tanto de candidato como de período.

The textual data analysis origin is based on the analyzes carried out mainly on literary works, which include a recount of all Bible's words and the presentation of the first catalog of book classification of a library. At the beginning of 1900 these ideas are extended, giving rise to summaries generation of long texts, based on the analysis of frequencies and measures of relative significance of each term within a given text. From a formal statistical perspective, the text data processing takes hold when the Factorial Correspondence Analysis arises, developed for linguistic databases treatment. Now a day, the textual data statistical analysis has been sold and has increased its implementation. Among the main fields of application are: market analysis, web searches and journalistic studies, studies of psychology, education and sociology. The analyzed texts are organized and structured together in a single element. Thus, the textual data statistical analysis is defined as the process of extracting information from that element. This paper analyzes, from this perspective, of four presidential speeches in Uruguay, corresponding to Julio María Sanguinetti and Tabaré Vázquez. Both come from different ideological / political sectors, traditionally opposed / rivals and each has been part of the opposition government, during the mandate of each other. The presented results are multidimensional descriptive and are complemented by visualization elements, a tool typically used in textual data statistical analysis. The main results obtained show the difference that exists in the speeches, both at the level of the candidate and the period. ; El origen del análisis de datos textuales se remonta a los análisis realizados sobre obras literarias, destacándose un recuento de las palabras de la Biblia y el primer catálogo de clasificación de libros de una biblioteca. A principios de 1900 estas ideas se extienden dando lugar a la generación de resúmenes de largos textos, mediante análisis de frecuencias y medidas de significación relativa de cada término dentro de un texto. Desde una perspectiva estadística, el tratamiento de datos textuales se afianza cuando surge el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias, desarrollado para el trato de datos lingüísticos. Actualmente, el análisis estadístico de textos se ha expendido y ha ido incrementando su implementación, dejando de lado las aplicaciones únicamente a obras literarias. Los principales ámbitos de aplicación son: análisis de mercado, búsquedas web, periodismo, psicología y educación, sociología y politología. Los textos analizados se estructuran de forma conjunta en un único elemento. Así, el análisis estadístico de datos textuales se define como el proceso de extraer información de dicho elemento. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis, desde esta perspectiva, de cuatro discursos presidenciales de Uruguay, correspondientes a Julio María Sanguinetti y Tabaré Vázquez. Ambos provienen de sectores ideológicos/políticos distintos, tradicionalmente opuestos/rivales y cada uno ha formado parte del gobierno como oposición, durante el mandato del otro. Los resultados son de carácter descriptivo multidimensional y se complementan con elementos de visualización. Los principales resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la diferencia que existe en los discursos, a nivel tanto de candidato como de período.

The purpose of the work – to help understand the philosophical and legal essence; to formulate a modern vision of the legal profession; to develop a conscious and responsible attitude to it; to master the principles and organizational forms of activity of the court, human rights and law enforcement agencies, to determine the role and importance of the profession in building the rule of law, ensuring the rights and interests of citizens and legal entities protected by law. It covers issues of the origin and development of legal deontology; the ratio of morality and law; ethics of lawyers as one of the integral elements of professional culture. Emphasis is placed on the forms of legal activity, the specifics of legal professions, in particular, judge, prosecutor, lawyer, investigator, notary, legal adviser. Legal deontology occupies a prominent place among legal disciplines in the network of higher education in Ukraine. It provides a system, forms, methods and tools for training highly qualified, intellectually developed lawyers. After all, their professional activity must be correlated with moral principles, cover the rules of ethics, achieve true results with those who provide legal services. Therefore, in order to understand state and legal phenomena, to transfer the principles of regularity, harmony of nature into the legal sphere, it is necessary to know the spiritual basis of life more deeply from internal positions, to evaluate one'sown vision of official duties, to feel the essence of being according to time. This is the relevance of this work. Legal deontology is actively combined with special courses: theory of state and law, culturology, philosophy of law, psychology. Because it is the philosophical direction that actualizes theoretical knowledge and practical skills in this discipline. After all, such concepts as the rule of law, moral and legal values, justice - focus on legal activities. Legal deontology is the discipline from which the study of jurisprudence begins. It is here that students learn about legal science and practice. After all, without mastering the knowledge of legal activity, its types - it is impossible to consider the qualities of lawyers and the requirements for their various specialties. The subject of legal deontology is a set of rules that a lawyer should follow; a system of legal, political, psychological, ethical norms that determine the rules of communication between a lawyer and people, relationships with clients and his behavior. Legal deontology, in particular, belongs to the group of applied sciences; submits ethical requirements aimed at the performance of professional duties by lawyers. ; У праці досліджується питання розвитку юридичної деонтології; співвідношення моралі і права; етики юристів, як одного з невід'ємних елементів професійної культури. Мета праці – розкрити філософсько-правову сутність; сформулювати сучасне бачення професії юриста; підкреслити свідоме й відповідальне ставлення до неї; сконцентрувати увагу на деонтологічних особливостях стосовно вимог до особистісних і професійних якостей юриста; визначити роль і значення професії у побудові правової держави, забезпеченні прав та інтересів громадян і юридичних осіб, що охороняються законом.

The aim of the paper is to define the difference between nationalisms of the modern era and contemporary nationalisms. The proposition is methodologically based on the phenomenological and semiotic analysis of texts representing genres of new media folklore shared within digital communicative networks as well as on the analysis of conditions of their production, consumption, and reproduction. The author claims that the social reproduction of new nationalisms takes place beyond traditional (modern) social structures and hierarchies of knowledge credibility. He attempts to prove that new nationalisms are based on magical-mythical perception and thinking. ; Louis Althusser. 'Ideology and ideological state apparatusses (notes to- wards an investigation)'. In Lenin and Other Essays. Translated by Ben Brewster. (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1971), 86- 127. Roland Barthes. Mythologies. Translated by Jonathan Cape. (New York: The Noonday Press, 1972). Roland Barthes. The Ei el Tower and other mythologies. Translated by Rich- ard Howard. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997). Jean Baudrillard. Simulacra and simulation. Translated by Sheila F. Glaser. Ann Arbor: (University of Michigan Press, 2006).Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. (New York and London: Double- day, 1989). Peter G. Bogatyrev and Roman Jakobson. 'Folklore as a special form of creation'. In R. Jakobson: Selected Writings, Vol. 4. (The Hague: Mou- ton, 1966), 1-15. Pierre Bourdieu. Kunst und Kultur: Zur Ökonomie der symbolischen Güter. Translated by Hella Beister. (Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2014). Noam Chomsky. Media control: The spectacular achievments of propaganda. (New York: Stories, 1997). Umberto Eco. Turning back the clock: Hot wars and media populism. Trans- lated by Alastair McEwen. (London: Vintage Digital, 2014). James G. Frazer. The golden bough: A study in magic and religion. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). John G. Fuller. The Ghost of Flight 401. (North Hobart: Hear a Book, 1987). Antonio Gramsci. Gefängnishefte. Kritische Gesamtausgabe. Vol. 6. Philosophie der Praxis. Hefte 10 und 11. Translated by Klaus Bochmann, Rue- di Graf, Wolfgang Haug, Peter Jehle, Gerhard Kuck, Joachim Meinert and Leonie Schröder. (Hamburg: Argument, 1994). Edward S. Herman. and Chomsky Noam. Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988). Jan Kajfosz. 'Magic in the social construction of the past: The case of Teschen Silesia'. Polish Sociological Review 183 (2013): 351-367. Alfred Korzybski. Science and sanity: An introduction to the non-Aristotelian systems and general semantics. (New York: Institute of General Seman- tics, 2000). Ernesto Laclau. 'Why do empty signi ers ma er to politics?'. In Emancipation(s). (London: Verso Books, 1996), 36-46. Alfred Schue . 'The stranger: An essay in social psychology'. American Journal of Sociology 49.6 (1944): 499-507. William I. Thomas and Dorothy S. Thomas. The child in America: Behavior problems and programs. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928). Francis Wheen. How mumbo-jumbo conquered the world: A short history of modern delusions. (London: Fourth Estate, 2004). Francis Wheen. Strange days indeed: The golden age of paranoia. (London: Fourth Estate, 2010).

El desempeño de la función pública requiere de personas con un perfil personal y profesional determinado. Sin embargo, "El político medio español es un analfabeto emocional que refleja narcisismo e ignorancia" (Fernández Berrocal, en Soteras, 2015); "El nivel de inteligencia emocional en la política española es escaso" (Peñate, en Soteras, 2015). A partir de estas afirmaciones, cabría preguntarse qué esperanza podría la ciudadanía acabar depositando en la política como medio para mejorar sus vidas y transformar la sociedad y en los políticos como sus hacedores. Por ello, es imprescindible aclarar si quienes han conseguido ejercer un liderazgo político y acabar siendo elegidos para ocupar un cargo público tras ganarse la confianza de sus conciudadanos, han sido capaces de hacerlo careciendo o no de inteligencia emocional. Siendo los ayuntamientos las instituciones más cercanas a la ciudadanía, cuyos representantes están más en contacto con los problemas de la vecindad y por tanto más expuestos al escrutinio social, cabe preguntarse si esa supuesta carencia emocional de los políticos ha podido pasar inadvertida para los votantes y si, en el caso de que así sea, dicho déficit pudiera lastrar las expectativas de que dichos representantes lleguen a ser capaces de desempeñar sus responsabilidades institucionales con alto grado de competencia desde el punto de vista moral. Nos planteamos el estudio de la inteligencia emocional y el liderazgo auténtico de una muestra representativa de personas dedicadas al desempeño público en el ámbito de los Ayuntamientos españoles de más de 50.000 habitantes, desde la psicología positiva y sus postulados. ; The performance of the public function requires people with a specific personal and professional profile. However, "The average Spanish politician is an emotional illiterate that reflects narcissism and ignorance" (Fernández Berrocal, in Soteras, 2015); "The level of emotional intelligence in Spanish politics is scarce" (Peñate, in Soteras, 2015). From these statements, one could ask what hope could the citizenry end up depositing in politics as a means to improve their lives and transform society. Therefore, it is essential to clarify whether those who have managed to exercise political leadership and end up being elected to a public office after winning the trust of their fellow citizens, have been able to do so without emotional intelligence or not. Municipalities being the institutions closest to the citizens, whose representatives are more in touch with the problems of the neighborhood and therefore more exposed to social scrutiny, it is questionable whether this alleged emotional lack of politicians has been able to pass unnoticed by voters and if, in the event that this is the case, this deficit could undermine the expectations that these representatives will be able to carry out their institutional responsibilities with a high degree of competence from the moral point of view. We consider the study of emotional intelligence and authentic leadership of a representative sample of people dedicated to politics in the field of Spanish municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants, from positive psychology and its postulates. ; peerReviewed

Передумовою соціально-економічного і політичного становлення країн, розвитку ринків товарів і послуг, успіху підприємств і окремої людини є процеси управління. Незалежно від рівня розвитку суспільства реалізація окреслених планів неможлива без ефективної організації людей, координації їх дій з використанням різних важелів управління. На різних історичних етапах розвитку суспільства існувало багато керівників і рівнів управління, наприклад, фараони, королі, жерці, губернатори територій, хранителі житниць, наглядачі, магістрати, судді тощо. Усі ці посадові особи певною мірою виконували функції та обов'язки сучасних менеджерів. Вивчення історії менеджменту може привнести першоджерела ідей і підходів, простежити їх розвиток, виявити перспективу розвитку в умовах культурного середовища. Вивчення минулого робить картину справжнього більш логічною і конкретною. Без вивчення історії індивідуум має тільки свій обмежений досвід як основу для ідей та дій. Простежуючи походження і розвиток сучасних концепцій менеджменту, студент може краще зрозуміти аналітичні та концептуальні інструменти своєї майбутньої професії. Вивчення історії менеджменту не тільки забезпечує розуміння його національної специфіки, але також створює уявлення про те, як досвід і знання теорії менеджменту можуть застосовуватися в різних організаціях і культурах. Вона поєднує в собі елементи історії економіки, соціології, психології, історії суспільства з метою визначення місця менеджменту в культурно-історичній перспективі. Історію менеджменту варто розглядати в контексті його культурного середовища і, таким чином, розуміти не тільки яким був менеджмент, а й пояснити, чому його розвиток відбувався саме таким чином. The prerequisites for socio-economic and political formation of countries, the development of markets for goods and services, the success of businesses and individuals are governance processes. Regardless of the level of development of society, implementation of the outlined plans is impossible without effective organization of people, coordination of their actions with the use of different levers of management. There were many leaders and levels of government at different stages of society, such as Pharaohs, kings, priests, governors of territories, breadwinners, overseers, magistrates, judges, and so on. All these officials have to a certain extent fulfilled the functions and responsibilities of modern managers. Studying the history of management can bring primary sources of ideas and approaches, trace their development, identify the prospect of development in a cultural environment. Studying the past makes the picture of the present more logical and concrete. Without studying history, an individual has only limited experience as a basis for ideas and actions. By tracing the origin and development of modern management concepts, a student can better understand the analytical and conceptual tools of his or her future profession. Not only does the study of management history provide an understanding of its national specificity, but it also gives an idea of how experience and knowledge of management theory can be applied to different organizations and cultures. It combines elements of the history of economics, sociology, psychology, history of society in order to determine the place of management in the cultural and historical perspective. The history of management should be viewed in the context of its cultural environment, and thus not only understand what management was, but also explain why its development occurred in this way

The article highlights the diversity of Alexei Prokopovich Chugyu`s talent as a teacher, literary critic, playwright. It reveales his pedagogical skill secrets, which are primarily shown in expressive, emotional teaching methods, stage temperament, creative energy, sincere taste of humor, high professionalism, boundless devotion to the chosen case and special love for the students.The article focuses attention on his interesting in theater art, in particular he was actively involved in concerts of rural amateur groups, performing his reading of artistic works and also declared about himself as an unrivaled actor of amateur groups, in particular, student groups that performed theatrical productions by classics of Russian and Ukrainian literature and their plays. Speaking about the Alexei Chugyu`s pedagogical talent, the article stated that Chugyu performed a lot of public tasks, in particular he was dean`s deputy director of the philological faculty, when he was a teacher and subsequently was assistant professor of faculty of Ukrainian literature history .It was found that while being on the position as a teacher, and later as a professor of history in the Ukrainian literature department, he performed a number of public tasks, in particular, he was Deputy Dean and Acting Dean of the Philological Faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. There was defined range of scientific interests focused on iconic figures in the history of Ukrainian literature like I. Karpenko-Karyi, T. Shevchenko, G. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko and O. Gonchar, writers whose works he admired through his life and who contributed the formation of his aesthetic tastes, love for art in general, words in particular and the choice of a philologist's profession.It was noted that Alexei Chugyu successfully combines teaching and scientific work with artistic creativity, in particular he declared about himself as an unrivaled playwright in the literary field. There were emphasized main directions in dramatic discourse, in particular political, biographical and experimental ones. Also there were emphasized that Chugyu-playwright is focus on child characters psychology. Admiring the puppet theater as a kind of comedy development of reality, Alexei Prokopovich carried out his own artistic experiment, which gave plays for young readers and spectators as a result. ; В статье освещается многогранность таланта О. П. Чугуя как учителя, литературоведа, драматурга. Раскрыты секреты педагогического мастерства, которые заключаются прежде всего в выразительной, эмоциональной методике преподавания, сценическом темпераменте, творческой энергетике, искреннем юморе, высоком профессионализме, безграничной преданности своему делу и особенной любви к студентам. Определен круг научных интересов, которые фокусируются вокруг знаковых фигур в истории украинской литературы – И. Карпенко-Карого, Т. Шевченко, Г. Квитки-Основьяненко и А. Гончара. Подчеркнуты ведущие направления драматургического дискурса, в частности политический, биографический и экспериментальный. ; У статті висвітлюється багатогранність таланту О. П. Чугуя як учителя, літературознавця, драматурга. Розкрито секрети його педагогічної майстерності, що полягають передусім у виразній, емоційній методиці викладання, сценічному темпераменті, творчій енергетиці, щирому гуморі, високій професійності, безмежній відданості обраній справі та особливій любові до студентів. Визначено коло наукових інтересів, що фокусуються навколо знакових постатей в історії української літератури – І. Карпенка-Карого, Т. Шевченка, Г. Квітки-Основ'яненка та О. Гончара. Підкреслено провідні напрямки драматургічного дискурсу, зокрема політичний, біографічний та експериментальний.