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During the recent refugee crisis and following the common statement-agreement between the European Union and Turkey (18 March 2016), more than half a million refugees have been trapped in Istanbul. Although the vast majority is living in remote areas in the perimeter of the city, there is a remarkable exception in the central neighborhood of Tarlabaşı. Over the decades, this area has become a shelter for newcomers from eastern Turkey and, recently, for thousands of refugees from the Middle East and Africa. In this neighborhood, refugees with the support of local and international solidarity groups establish communal houses, social centers, and collective kitchens, creating an example of commoning practices, mutual help, and transnational togetherness in the urban core. At the same time, over the past few years, Tarlabaşı has been the target of gentrification policies that aim to dislocate poor residents and refugees and to transform the area into a highincome residential area and a tourist destination. Thus, ongoing urban conflict is taking place for the right to the center of the city. This article follows the Lefebvrian concept of 'the right to the city' and Soja's and Harvey's notion of 'spatial justice,' taking also into account the discussion on the spatialities of 'urban commons' and 'enclosures.' It combines spatial analysis, participatory observation, and ethnographic research, and its main findings concern the refugees' daily efforts against social segregation and exclusion shaped by commoning practices for spatial justice, visibility, and the right to the center of the city.

The so-called crisis of representation has formed the theoretical framework of many studies on media and democracy of the past thirty years. Many researches have highlighted the crisis of legitimacy and credibility of the 'traditional' parties (Katz & Mair, 2018) and communication was considered, at the same time, one of the causes of acceleration towards post-representative politics (Keane, 2013) but also an indispensable tool for re-connecting citizens to politics. Various phenomena have developed within this framework: a) the birth of political aggregations as a result of mobilization in the digital ecosystem; b) the development of digital platforms for democratic participation; c) the birth of parties defined as 'digital' or 'platform'; and d) the growing centrality of digital political activism, both as a phenomenon within the digital communicative ecosystem (also in the context of social media) and as a result of the transformation of social movements. This article studies the role of platform parties as a space for the emergence of authoritarian tendencies (hyper-leadership) but also as an organizational opportunity for the development of new forms of digital activism. In particular, the article presents a research on the use of digital platforms (and their political and organizational consequences) by political parties in Italy, France, and Spain. The study shows the relationships between the evolution of digital ecosystems and the way in which political organization is organised, also highlighting how the new forms of mobilization and aggregation have opened up different yet interconnected public spaces.

La institucionalización de la evaluación en México es un proceso que se ha formalizado a nivel federal, y que las instancias públicas reconocen el instrumento de evaluación como un medio para rendir cuentas. Si bien, los mecanismos normativos contemplan a la evaluación como obligatorio y como un medio de mejoras técnicas a los programas públicos, no se puede decir lo mismo en cuanto a la institucionalización del uso de las evaluaciones, entendiéndose según lo describe Braixauli (2014) como el proceso a través del cual la evaluación se convierte en una parte aceptada e integrada de la gestión de las Administraciones Públicas. El uso efectivo de los resultados de la evaluación en las entidades federativas, pero en específico en Yucatán, es un proceso que se encuentra en una primera etapa, pero sí con miras a un progreso lento pero seguro. ; The institutionalization of evaluation in Mexico is a process that has been formalized at the federal level, and that government agencies recognize the evaluation as an instrument of public transparency. Although regulatory mechanisms consider evaluation as a mandatory and as a technical instrument to improve public programs, the same cannot be said regarding the institutionalization of the use of evaluations, understood as described by Braixauli (2014) as "the process through which the evaluation becomes an accepted and integrated part of the management of Public Administrations". The effective use of the evaluation's results in the federal agencies, but specifically in Yucatán, is a process in first stage, but in a slow way progress.

The concepts of bioequivalence have gained considerable importance during the last three decades because of their application to new brand-name drugs, as well as new generic drugs. Generic pharmaceutical products need to comply the same standards of quality, efficacy and safety of the innovator product. Generic product should be therapeutically equivalent and interchangeable with the reference product. Present study highlights the developments of bioequivalence regulatory requirements in USA, India and the Gulf Cooperation Council States (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, The United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and Yemen). No international harmonization of regulatory requirements for bioequivalence, however, bioequivalence range and statistical analysis are to some extent harmonized, but there are differences in selection of subjects, selection of reference product, food effect, application of multiple dose study, in vitro dissolution study, etc. The growth of pharmaceutical market depends upon the drug regulatory system and drug regulatory laws. The drug regulatory system is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and quality of human drugs and its distribution.In generic drug approval process one of the major requirements is the bioequivalence study. In bioequivalence studies, the plasma concentration time curve is generally to assess the rate and extent of absorption. Selected pharmacokinetic parameters and preset acceptance limits allow the final decision on bioequivalence of the tested products. Present study includes recent developments and information about important aspects of bioequivalence study design and specification guidelines of each parameter.

This research explores Russian zoosemisms as they are presented in the Russian Semantic Dictionary and the Dictionary of Offensive Words by L. V. Dulichenko and studies differences in the assortment of these words in the dictionaries. By comparing Russian zoosemisms with how they are rendered in the newest Large Russian-Chinese Explanatory Dictionary of the New Era, the author reveals inconsistencies between the original Russian interpretations and their Chinese translations. Only one-fourth of Russian zoosemisms are translated precisely in the Russian-Chinese dictionary. As for the rest of Russian zoosemisms, zoosemic meanings provided in Russian dictionaries are either not presented or their Chinese translations do not match the original interpretations. The research describes in detail the methods of interpreting Russian metaphorical meaning in the bilingual Russian-Chinese dictionary in a lexicographic perspective. It has been revealed that when translating Russian zoosemisms scholars mainly apply the description method, without using the respective Chinese metaphors; differences in interpretations provided by Russian and Russian-Chinese dictionaries are discussed in the article. The first method of translating Russian zoosemisms into Chinese is based on using Chinese zoosemisms stemming from the same zoonyms, having similar meanings. The second method is to use Chinese zoosemisms stemming from other zoonyms. The third one is to use comparisons, metonymy or metaphors not based on zoonyms. Various translation methods used demonstrate the difficulty in adapting Russian zoosemisms for Chinese learners and also reveal the common and distinguishing features of Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures.

The number of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmited Infectious Diseases (PIMS) incidence in Indonesia, especially in Central Java are growing every year. Provincial government set a regulation in controlling disease that refers to the HIV/ AIDS Control Program and PIMS in the First Level of Health Facilities by the Ministry of Health in 2016. It is hoped that this program can break the chain of HIV/AIDS and PIMS cases while at the same time making a generation that healthy and productive quality. The aim of this study was to determine the implementation of programs to control HIV/AIDS and PIMS in Banyumas regency. The design of this study was descriptive qualitative through in-depth interviews. The main informants were ten HIV Counseling and Testing (KTHIV) of Public Health Center, triangulation informants were People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) patients, Clinical Doctors, Head of Department of Health Services P2P. The data were collected by in-depth interview technique. In addition to the interview, a survey was also conducted with PLWHA. Processing and analysis of data were using taxonomic analysis. The implementation of HIV/AIDS control program policies has not been optimal in its implementation. The lack of optimal implementation of HIV/AIDS and PIMS prevention policies is due to several aspects, i.e. policy accuracy, implementation accuracy, target accuracy, environmental accuracy, and process accuracy. Increasing monitoring and evaluation related to a program's policies is needed. Morover, it is important to improve the quality of human resources and careful planning related to the control program.

This article draws on UK research with over 600 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT+) people, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (grant AH/J011894/1), which explored understandings and experiences of LGBT 'community'. I examine the ways in which intimacy is regulated and shaped by and within social interaction, which was apparent in three main ways. First, the research identified how for some people the very concept of 'LGBT community' was linked to intimacy. Second, there was strong evidence to suggest that some LGBT+ people self-regulate their practices of intimacy (such as holding hands or kissing in public) so as not to be recognised as enacting a same-gender relationship. This was understood as a form of self-protection or hate crime prevention, though degrees of habit and professed concern for other people's feelings were also contributing factors. Third, experiences of intimate relations were shaped by intersectional dynamics, particularly relating to various forms of discrimination, including ageism, biphobia, classism, (dis)ableism, racism, and transphobia from and among LGBT+ people. Whilst LGBT 'communities' were thought to enable opportunities to seek sexual and/or intimate encounters, this is not without its complexities. Although there have been improvements in relation to legislation and wider social attitudes, there is, for some, persistent apprehension and self-regulation which, whether necessary or not, are significant. LGBT+ people's experiences thus suggest that intimacy can be shaped by multiple inequalities both within and without LGBT 'communities'.

Advanced driver assistant systems are supposed to assist the driver and ensure their safety while at the same time providing a fulfilling driving experience that suits their individual driving styles. What a driver will do in any given traffic situation depends on the driver's mental model which describes how the driver perceives the observable aspects of the environment, interprets these aspects, and on the driver's goals and beliefs of applicable actions for the current situation. Understanding the driver's mental model has hence received great attention from researchers, where defining the driver's beliefs and goals is one of the greatest challenges. In this paper we present an approach to establish individual drivers' temporal-spatial mental models by considering driving to be a continuous Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) wherein the driver's mental model can be represented as a graph structure following the Bayesian Theory of Mind (BToM). The individual's mental model can then be automatically obtained through deep reinforcement learning. Using the driving simulator CARLA and deep Q-learning, we demonstrate our approach through the scenario of keeping the optimal time gap between the own vehicle and the vehicle in front. ; CC BY-NC 4.0 This work has been supported by VINNOVA, the Swedish Government Agency for Innovation Systems, proj. "Intention Recognition for Real-time Automotive 3D situation awareness (IRRA)", in the funding program FFI: Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation (DNR 2018-05012) ; Intention Recognition for Real-time Automotive 3D situation awareness (IRRA)

International audience ; The terms of 'multiculturalism' or 'pluriculturalism' were not used by the contemporaries of the Habsburg Monarchy. The concept of the Empirewas framed by its territorial definition and by the ruling dynasty. Itsi nhabitants were to becomecitizens only after the enactmentofthe Constitutional laws of December 1867. The territories of the Empire were either hereditaryp ossessions of the Crown (Kronländer)with their historical rights or provinces ruled by Vienna or Budapest. The diversityoft ongues and confessionsw as considered under the terms of 'peoples' (Völker)o r' ethnic group' (Vo lksstamm); the whole was conceivedasa'multinational state' (Vielvölkerstaat). In his recentbookabout the Habsburg Empire Pieter Judson discusses the use of the term'nationality' by historians and suggests thatweshould keep on speakingof'groups'.Indeed the 'nationality' was not acategorybut acommodityoflanguage and of course an elementofthe political discourse at the same time. It was thus aconstruction and was not relevantfor the daily practice. In this respectheisright in pointing to the factthatconflicts brokebetween nationalists and not between 'nationalities' thus not involving an entire people. 2 The mobilityofsome groups was verycharacteristic:military, bureaucrats, merchants, students, and thus enabled transfers and exchanges. Before 1867, self-identification was defined by religion and territorial belonging,w hat is generallyc alled the 'patriotism of the land' (Landespatriotismus)t hat is the attachment to 'smallh omelands'. The culturet hat characterized the Empire was thus fragmented, moving and fluid between groups and territories. 3 People had multiple identities that were superseded by dynastic loyalty composed of shared symbols and historical references. The

Motivated by the birth of various problems that arise related to various regulations that were created by the nagari. As a "mini republic", the nagari no longer have the same autonomy as in ancient times. The strengthening of the central government system has influenced the governance of the village, so that the village is more merely an extension of the central government system. This can be seen from the birth of Law No. 5 of 1979 concerning Village Government, which no longer makes the village the lowest level of government in West Sumatra. The return of the lowest system of government in West Sumatra to the governance of the Nagari through Law No. 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Autonomy which was then followed by Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2000 concerning Basic Provisions of the Nagari Government, which subsequently was renewed by Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government, which was then also followed by a revision of the Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2007 concerning the Principles of the Nagari Government. But returning to the nagari government only changes the nomenclature, and the nagari government system continues to run as it was with the previous village government system. Birth of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages followed by Regional Regulation of the Province of West Sumatra No. 7 of 2018 concerning Nagari strengthened the existence of the Nagari government system as a Desa Adat. This Regional Regulation adopts a number of values which have become important characteristics of an adat government.

We analyze environmental impact assessment (EIA) for infrastructure development projects in Latin America through the case of the "El Cercado" dam on the Rancheria river in La Guajira Province of northern Colombia. We argue that social and environmental conflicts regarding development projects are not only the result of deficient EIA implementation but also of historically established power relations and deep-rooted beliefs concerning the economy and socio-spatial relations, of which EIAs are a constituting and enabling element. We focus on governmentality practices from an ethnographic political ecology perspective to trace how the EIA uses the concept of "areas of influence" as a standardized inclusion/exclusion technique, limited by its static nature and functioning as a legitimizing device for governmental interest to expand neoliberal economies in natural resource-strategic regions. Our analysis aims to understand how EIAs used for infrastructure development projects in Latin America have failed to prevent socio-environmental conflicts. At the same time, we question the notions of "space", "influence", and "affected population" behind EIA practices. We conclude that EIAs are a government technology of neoliberal environmental governance that has the potential to exclude the socio-spatial dynamics of local populations while depoliticizing the interests behind the project. With this article, we contribute to the ethnographic approach to governmentality in the context of infrastructure development projects in Latin America and to the understanding of the role of expert knowledge and technologies of government in neoliberal hydro-politics.Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment, dam, hydro-politics, government technologies, social conflict

The global pandemic has produced rules that impose suffering on religions, which must now reconsider their social role. This entails the need to examine the rules of coexistence within societies, where the COVID-19 phenomenon raises existential and religious questions. We need to look at the condition of the state of religious freedom, referring – in the European context – to globalisation in a climate of restriction of personal, social, and religious freedom. This complexity has underlined the role of states and delimited competences regarding relations with religions. Because building relationships with communities and associations where religious freedom is expressed is fundamental, believers are therefore bearers of specific interests. This particular situation calls for a new function for religions, focused on the value of the person, which can lead to a common identity and guarantee of "those values of social and community integration that seem particularly discovered today". Today, religious confessions not only create a qualifying moment in the European process, but they act concretely, asking the European institutions to protect religious interests because these are an expression of values at the basis of civil coexistence. Gradually, dialogue becomes an instrument that is used juridically as part of the legislative construction through the production of appropriate programs. In the face of the challenges and needs resulting from social and international coexistence, religions must become part of the democratic process without forgetting and betraying the authenticity of their religious message and, at the same time, without conditioning or mortgaging the development of democracy.

Veterans transitioning from the military to civilian life may encounter difficulties in different domains of functioning. Most research in this area comes from the US and Israel, with Veterans in Northern Ireland (NI) in the United Kingdom, remaining an understudied population. This qualitative study aimed to examine the nature of transition experiences of NI Veterans by analyzing responses (N = 252) to an open-ended question related to the transition process, in a self-report survey. Thematic analysis highlighted both positive and negative experiences across high-level themes. These were related to (1a) how good the military life had been, (1b) the transition had been easy for some Veterans, and (1c) the skills gained in the military have been valuable; (2) it was hard to adjust to civilian life/still adjusting; (3) negative employment experiences; (4) lack of trust; (5) transitioning is hard in NI; and (6) inadequate support, post-service. The findings highlight that NI Veterans share some of the same challenges as other Veterans; however, the challenges in NI are compounded by ongoing security concerns and political tensions, which means living under the radar is a reality for many, making finding meaningful work and community integration difficult. The findings indicate that preparation for civilian life and the acculturation process needs to start many months before discharge. Perhaps more crucially, regiments should work closely with and support civilian employers to equip them to recognize and value the skills ex-Services Veterans can offer, and find a good fit for their skills within their organizations.

Introduction Low back pain (LBP) has been reported as the most common reason for presentation to the Medical Centre in the British Military, and the most common re-referral for the same condition. In 2015, the UK Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) adopted a cognitive functional therapy (CFT) approach to spinal rehabilitation in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and military best practice guidelines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and psychosocial outcomes of all patients with chronic LBP treated with CFT-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation at DMRC, Headley Court. Methods A prospective observational service evaluation of British Military patients (n=238) with LBP who attended 3 weeks of inpatient multidisciplinary CFT-based programme from 2015 to the end of 2017 at DMRC was analysed. Functional outcomes include: multistage locomotion test (MSLT) and sit and reach test. Psychosocial outcomes include: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Oswestry Disability Index, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results There were significant improvements in endurance (MSLT), range of motion, kinesiophobia, pain-related lifestyle interference (BPI-Lifestyle), anxiety and depression (p≤0.001). However, no improvements in pain intensity (BPI-Intensity) were demonstrated (p>0.05). Conclusion After 3 weeks of CFT-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation, function and psychosocial health improved with symptoms of pain being less obtrusive to activities of daily activity. There were however no patient-reported reductions in pain intensity. The improvements demonstrated are indicative of outcomes that facilitate greater integration back to work or into society.

International audience ; The topic of "spatialising the urban metabolism" has met with growing interest among researchers and has grown significantly in recent years. According to Scopus, we have identified 438 published articles, the majority from 2010s. The scientific landscapes are varied and among 20 communities according to a bibiometric analysis. This topic can be understood as the idea of opening the "black box" of urban material and energy functioning, but also of considering that the spatial dimension should not be treated as "absolute" and homogeneous, when it can be very politically charged and refers to numerous socioeconomic and territorial processes. The goal of the discussion session could entail, what can we learn from spatialising metabolic analysis / spatialising flows and actors / linking urban metabolism and spatial planning / territorial ecology / different sub-metabolisms for the same city / relationship between cities and their hinterland / political-industrial ecology / linking metabolic flows and ecosystem services, etc. Before the discussion, we had 6 introductory contributions: Contribution Jean-Baptiste Bahers (short summary): The presentation will show a bibliometric analysis according from Scopus database. We have identified 483 published articles, the majority from 2010s. The scientific landscapes are varied and among 20 communities. We will show a map of co-citation of cited authors based on bibliographic data and co-occurrence map based of notions from titles, abstracts and key words. Finally, we will discuss the terms of "spatial", ie the notions, concepts, theories and methods which emerge from it.