Suchergebnisse

"Petroleum is one of the most important reserves which is used as the fundamental raw material for various industries. It has been in a predominant position in the world energy consumption structure since the 1970s. The petroleum-derived products, such as plastics, synthetic fiber and synthetic rubber, are widely utilized in agriculture, chemistry and medicine sectors, which have already become the necessities in our daily life. Most of the industries, like chemical industries and transportation, are heavily dependent on petroleum and other fossil resource."

Globalization and sustainability are contradictory tendencies in the current world-system. Consider the fact that transnational corporations transfer some of the core's wastes to the peripheral zones of the world-system. Such exports reduce sustainability and put humans and the environment in recipient countries at substantial risk. The specific case of e-waste exports to Guiyu, China is discussed. The discussion proceeds in several steps. The nature of the e-waste trade is first examined. Political-economic forces that have increased e-waste trafficking to China are outlined. The extent to which this trade has negative health, environmental, and social consequences is outlined and the neo-liberal contention that such exports are economically beneficial to the core and periphery is critically examined. Policies proposed as solutions to the problem are critically reviewed.

Untersuchung der Bedeutung der Baseler Konvention zur Kontrolle grenzüberschreitender Transporte von umweltgefährdendem Müll und dessen Beseitigung. Der wachsende Mülltransport der Industriestaaten vornehmlich nach Afrika führte zu internationalen Bemühungen um eine Kontrolle. Die Autorin kritisiert die Baseler Beschlüsse als unzureichend. Dem entspricht die Haltung afrikanischer Staaten, welche die Unterzeichnung verweigerten. Analyse der Grundsätze der Konvention, der möglichen Entwicklungen sowie der sachlichen Probleme des Mülltransports. (DÜI-Wsl)

Nanotechnology is an emerging and promising field for advanced applications in industrial, commercial and medical sectors, and nanomaterials can be found today in sunscreens, deodorants and textiles. Yet these nanomaterials, which are increasing in number, are entering waste streams as part of end-of-life products along with conventional waste, without any real understanding of their environmental impacts or health risks on human beings and living organisms. This report provides a literature review on four specific waste treatment processes (recycling, incineration, landfilling and wastewater treatment). While state-of-the-art waste treatment facilities may collect, divert or eliminate nanomaterials from these waste streams, the report concludes that knowledge gaps associated with their final disposal remain, underlining the need for further research in this area.

AbstractStates can manage the solid waste stream in part by using financial incentives that encourage the beverage industry to undertake voluntary recycling programs. Two approaches, in particular, represent innovations in public‐private partnerships, or privatization: preemptive partnerships and compelled partnerships.

From Waste to Value investigates how streams of organic waste and residues can be transformed into valuable products, to foster a transition towards a sustainable and circular bioeconomy. The studies are carried out within a cross-disciplinary framework, drawing on a diverse set of theoretical approaches and defining different valorisation pathways. Organic waste streams from households and industry are becoming a valuable resource in today's economies. Substances that have long represented a cost to companies and a burden for society are now becoming an asset. Waste products, such as leftover food, forest residues and animal carcasses, can be turned into valuable products such as biomaterials, biochemicals and biopharmaceuticals. Exploiting these waste resources is challenging, however. It requires that companies develop new technologies and that public authorities introduce new regulation and governance models. This book helps policy-makers govern and regulate bio-based industries, and helps industry actors to identify and exploit new opportunities in the circular bioeconomy. Moreover, it provides important insights for all students and scholars concerned with renewable energy, sustainable development and climate change. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Foreword -- Acronyms -- Executive summary -- Assessment and recommendations -- Recycling of waste containing nanomaterials -- Incineration of waste containing nanomaterials -- Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste -- The fate of engineered nanomaterials in sewage treatment plants and agricultural applications -- Glossary