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Front Cover -- Environmental Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- Environmental Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Introduction -- 1 - Environmental problems and management aspects of waste electrical and electronic equipment and use of clean energy for ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sources of e-waste -- 3. Classification of e-waste -- 4. Challenges of e-wastes -- 4.1 Impact of hazardous substances on health and environment -- 5. Continent-wise and country-wise generation of e-wastes -- 6. Management aspects of e-wastes -- 6.1 E-waste generation and management in China -- 6.2 E-waste generation and management in the United States -- 6.3 E-waste generation and management in Japan -- 6.4 E-waste generation and management in India -- 7. Basel convention -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Objective -- 7.3 Aims and provisions -- 8. Suggestions -- 9. Use of clean energy for sustainable development -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- 2 - Waste electrical and electronic equipment and environment: context, implications, and trends -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Evolution in the general characteristics of WEEEE research -- 3.2 Evolution in WEEEE research by subject discipline -- 3.3 Most relevant journals in WEEEE research -- 3.4 Most relevant countries in WEEEE research -- 3.5 Most relevant institutions in WEEEE research -- 3.6 Most relevant authors in WEEEE research -- 3.7 Evolution of WEEEE research -- 4. Conclusions -- Websites about topic -- Other relevant contributions -- References -- 3 - E-waste: an emerging threat to "one health" -- 1. Introduction -- 2. E-waste generation -- 2.1 Global context -- 2.2 Indian context -- 3. Impact on "One Health" -- 4. E-waste management and policy level initiatives in India.

Water Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling: Aqueous Recovery Methods provides data regarding the implementation of aqueous methods of processing of WEEEs at the industrial level. Chapters explore points-of-view of worldwide researchers and research project managers with respect to new research developments and how to improve processing technologies. The text is divided into two parts, with the first section addressing the new research regarding the hydrometallurgical procedures adopted from minerals processing technologies. Other sections cover green chemistry, bio-metallurgy applications for WEEE treatment and the current developed aqueous methods at industrial scale. A conclusion summarizes existing research with suggestions for future actions

Diese Arbeit beinhaltet eine Analyse des britischen und österreichischen Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräte (EAG) Recyclingsystems und deckt die Hindernisse für das Erreichen höherer Recyclingraten auf. Dabei wurden die rechtlichen Grundlagen, die Umsetzung der EU EAG-Rechtsvorschriften, die Sammel- Verwertungs- und Entsorgungssysteme, sowie die Märkte für Sekundärrohstoffe in den beiden Ländern analysiert und verglichen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Probleme und Hemmnisse der beiden Systeme zu identifizieren und Empfehlungen und Vorschläge zu erarbeiten, um diese Barrieren zu überwinden. Während bei der Umsetzung der EU EAG-Rechtsvorschriften in Österreich hauptsächlich das ordnungsrechtliche Instrument gewählt wurde, setzte Großbritannien mehr auf marktwirtschaftliche Anreize. Weiters werden Unterschiede der beiden Systeme auf sozioökonomische Faktoren wie Einstellung und Motivation zu Recycling zurückgeführt, sowie auf das politische Bekenntnis zum Umweltschutz. Unabhängig von den nationalen Besonderheiten konnten Recycling-Barrieren bei EAG entlang des gesamten Produktlebenszyklus identifiziert werden wie z.B. in der Produktions-Phase durch ein nicht berücksichtigtes recyclingorientiertes Design, in der Sammlung durch ein geringes Bewusstsein und Wissen in der Bevölkerung oder in der Verwertungs-Phase durch die Anwendung von nicht geeigneten Recycling-Technologien. Lösungsansätze wären somit unter anderem gezielte Bewusstseinsbildung in der Bevölkerung, die Anwendung der am besten geeigneten Recycling-Technologien in Hinblick auf die unterschiedlichen Materialzusammensetzungen der Produkte sowie ein gesamter, integrierter Produktlebenszyklus - Ansatz anstatt des jetzigen, in dem Herstellung und Recycling als zwei getrennte Industrien angesehen werden. ; This project investigates on the recycling of Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the United Kingdom and Austria and its associated barriers. The aim was to identify and understand these barriers by analysing and comparing the WEEE recycling systems in the two countries considered. A critical analysis of how the EU WEEE regulation is beeing implemented in both countries as well as an analysis of the differences in the collection and treatment systems and the WEEE market has been carried out. Furthermore a case study has been undertaken to find out on how the Austrian waste management associations, compliance schemes and the Austrian economy are facing the new challenges of the WEEE Recast. The project discloses that while in the UK a more market-based approach has been chosen for implementing the EU WEEE regulations, in Austria it has been implemented with a more regulative approach. Further differences are deriving from economic and political nature as well as from socio-economic reasons. Barriers to recycling can be found along each stage of the product life cycle, for example in the production stage, where the absence of recycling oriented design leads to recycling inefficiency. Barriers in the collection stage include missing knowledge and awareness by the consumers, which leads to inefficient collection procedures. Concerning the treatment stage, non-appropriate technologies lead to environmental contamination and valuable material loss. In order to overcome these barriers, a balanced system between penalties and incentives has to be found, good public communications have to be applied and the best available technologies have to be provided. Last but not least, to ensure efficient recycling a whole product life-cycle management approach is of crucial importance. ; von Franziska Howorka ; Zsfassung in dt. Sprache ; Wien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Masterarb., 2011 ; (VLID)1031771

AbstractA growing amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) indicates the need to verify the effectiveness of its management both nationally and globally. An analysis of the WEEE economy in Poland conducted over 5 years confirmed a 16.64% increase in the mass of collected equipment. The maximum annual mass of electrical and electronic equipment introduced to the market during this period was 607,240 Mg, with the average value exceeding 500,000 Mg. The WEEE category with the largest collected mass was waste code 20 01 36, which exceeded 235,000 Mg, whilst the highest waste weight accumulation rate of 45.98 kg per capita was recorded in one of the smallest voivodeships in Poland. This result showed the diversity of WEEE accumulation on a national scale. Overall, a noticeable increase in the WEEE accumulation rate has occurred as Poland's gross domestic product has increased, despite a decreasing population. An analysis based on the waste accumulation indicators, including socioeconomic factors, confirmed the need to develop forms of WEEE recovery and recycling to transition to a circular economy and promote the synergy of activities amongst all players in WEEE management.

For over two decades China has faced a veritable e-waste challenge due to the continuous increase in quantities of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) coming from foreign and domestic sources. Over more than a decade, the government's response has been focussed on developing large-scale recycling facilities so as to recover the valuable materials within WEEE. Simultaneously, China is home to a vast, informal segment, which engages in the collection, refurbishment, and processing (dismantling, extraction of components and materials) of obsolete electronics, thus directly competing with the formal system for devices and for the profits that they generate. The official discourse and most of the existing research concentrates primarily on WEEE recycling. However, project-based field research and interviews by the author in Beijing and Guangdong province have indicated that the repair, refurbishment, and reuse of discarded electronics are widespread and profitable practices of the informal domain. This paper aims to analyse the institutional, i.e., rule-based, mechanisms behind these activities and, via an institutional economics approach, to highlight how formal and informal rule-based practices structure WEEE refurbishment and reuse in China. The results show that informal activities are dominant due to the well-developed collection and transfer networks, the division of labour amongst informal actors, and the high responsiveness to market prices and consumer demand.

The trends in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generation shows that their volume constantly increases, while the current waste management technologies have proven to be insufficient in order to meet the strict criteria and the new legislations of the European Union. Pyrolysis and thermal treatment in general could be a valuable solution for closing the loop of materials and could contribute to the energy demands of modern society. Pyrolysis as a process and combination of other pre-treatment techniques was investigated with a focus on energy production, metal separation and feedstock recycling. In this work, several fractions of real WEEE have been tested based on the process requirements and the focus of each individual study. Firstly, the investigation was focused on the primary products of the process, revealing most of the environmental pollutants as well as the valuable monomers that can enhance feedstock recycling. A correlation of the process' final temperature with the evolution of the major products was performed. Moreover, a conceptual reaction mechanism of Bisphenol A decomposition was suggested based on the process products. Then, a reduction of the bromine content of the initial WEEE fraction was achieved by solvent extraction pre-treatment. Isopropanol and toluene were tested as solvents capable of removing one of the main flame retardants at WEEE fractions, Tetrabromobisphenol A. The results indicate that the reduction of bromine was successfully performed even at ~37%. This result was further confirmed by the reduction or total removal of brominated species in the pyrolysis products. The toluene seems to be a valuable option for the pre-treatment, since it can be provided by the pyrolysis process itself, making the entire treatment more sustainable and in accordance with the concept of circular economy. Density separators used in the sorting of WEEE materials usually produced high moisture content fractions. As soon as those fractions follow thermal treatment, the moisture will ...

A serious problem that arose with the evolution of modern industry is generation of electrical and electronic equipment waste. In the last decades, the generation of electronic waste has increased a lot and it is estimated that in 2030, almost 74 tons of electronic waste will be generated, which will represent a significant threat to the environment. The purpose of this article is to track the potential impacts on the environment, to highlight the importance of waste management strategies and to provide the latest information in the field. A presentation of the countermeasures that must be taken at the national and international level to address the sensitive problem of waste management is also realized.