Suchergebnisse

Assessment of total vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements (DSs) may be incomplete if 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] intake is not included. However, 25(OH)D data for such intake assessments are lacking, no food or DS reference materials (RMs) are available, and comparison of laboratory performance has been needed. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D-3 and 25(OH)D-3 concentrations in food and DS materials could be measured with acceptable reproducibility. Five experienced laboratories from the United States and other countries participated, all using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry but no common analytical protocol; however, various methods were used for determining vitamin D-3 in the DS. Five animal-based materials (including three commercially available RMs) and one DS were analyzed. Reproducibility results for the materials were acceptable. Thus, it is possible to obtain consistent results among experienced laboratories for vitamin D-3 and 25(OH)D-3, in foods and a DS. ; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [60 1235 3012] ; Partial funding for this work was provided under Agreement 60 1235 3012 from Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

It is now known that vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem. In our country, as food fortification is lacking, supplementation with pharmaceutical preparations is the only means of treatment of vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to study the composition and availability of various vitamin D preparations in the Indian market, data about which was collected from annual drug compendium. The preparations were assessed for total number, different formulations, constituents and amount of each constituent present in the formulation. Vitamin D3 is available in the form of cholecalciferol, alfacalcidiol and calcitriol as single ingredient products and in combination with calcium and other micronutrients. Most of the supplements contain calcitriol (46.5%) or alfacalcidiol (43%) as tablets (51.1%) and capsules (35.2%). Cholecalciferol, the preferred form for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficient states, constitutes only 10% of the available market preparations. High market sales of calcium supplements containing calcitriol indicate increasing intake of calcitriol rather than cholecalciferol; which could predispose to toxicity. There is a need for marketing and rational prescribing of the appropriate vitamin D supplement in ostensibly healthy Indian population. Implementation of population-based education and intervention programmes with enforcement of strict regulations could generate awareness and curb unsupervised intake of vitamin D containing dietary supplements. This health challenge mandates effective nutritional policies, fortification and supplementation programmes and partnership between government, healthcare and industry to safeguard the health of Indian population at large.

This study aims to analyze the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) corelations with TRab (anti-TSH receptor Antibodies) at baseline and after corections of 25OHD deficit. Method: Prospective, interventional, controled, single-centre, clinical study on 62 patients with active Basedow disease (BD), admitted at C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania, between 2013 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: one group (N=37) received 2000 IU of daily cholecalciferol and a second one (N=25) without vitamin D supplementation, all subjects being under anti-thyroid drugs (standard guideline therapy). 25OHD and TRab levels were assessed at start and after 6, respective 12 months. Results: Initial evaluation confirmed vitamin D deficiency (mean 25OHD of 18.33±6.45 ng/mL). At start, TRab negatively correlates with 25OHD (N=62, r= -0.22, p=0.08). The decrease in TRab was statistically significant higher in group 1 versus group 2 after 6 months (35.84% versus 3.53%, p=0.03). After 12 months, TRab decreased with 56.28% in group 1, respective 27.16% in group 2 (p=0.03). In group 1, inverse correlation between 25OHD and TRab was consistent at 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: In patients with active BD, TRab values were negatively correlated with 25OHD at baseline and during follow-up. Correction of vitamin D deficiency is correlated with the decrease of TRab levels.

Purpose of the studyBesides its known effects on bone metabolism, vitamin D may regulate immune function. We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test whether cholecalciferol supplementation can improve vitamin D status and modulate immune responses in HIV‐infected children and youth.MethodsCaucasian vertically HIV‐infected patients (aged 8 to 26 years) with vitamin D deficiency and normal parathormone (PTH) levels were randomized into an experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) group to receive 100,000 IU of oral cholecalciferol every 3 months for a total of 4 doses, or placebo. A pre‐randomization period (−3 months) was also taken into account to better model within‐individual variability. Mixed linear regression models were used to evaluate the between‐group changes in the outcomes of interest. The analysis was intention to treat.Summary of results47 subjects completed the RCT. Cholecalciferol supplementation produced an early decrease in PTH levels (3 months) and a later concomitant increase in 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels (6 months), both persisting up to 12 months.The supplementation had no effect on CD4+T‐cell numbers or percentage while was associated with a decreased loge Th1, an increased loge Th2 (*p<0.05), an increased loge Treg (**p<0.01), and and a decreased loge Th17:Treg(*p<0.05).














Loge VDR
Loge Th1
Loge Th2
Loge (Th1:Th2)
Loge Th17
Loge Treg
Loge (Th17:Treg)




Month 3
0.5 (−0.1 to 1.2)
−1.6 (−3.6 to 0.5)
−0.1 (−0.6 to 0.5)
−1.4 (−3.5 to 0.7)
−1.5 (−3.2 to 0.2)
0.6 (−0.3 to 1.6)
−2.5 (−4.5 to−0.4)*


Month 12
0.7 (−3.0 to 1.7)
−0.7 (−2.5 to 1.1)
1.1* (0.02 to 2.1)
−1.6 (−3.7 to 0.5)
0.3 (−1.2 to 1.8)
1.7** (0.6 to 2.7)
−1.3 (−3.3 to 0.7)




ConclusionsIn our cohort, supplementation with oral cholecalciferol was effective in increasing serum 25(OH)D and 1–25(OH)2D while decreasing serum PTH levels, had no effect on CD4+T‐cell count, but was associated with T‐cell phenotype changes mainly favoring Tregulatory subset.

Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D(2) or D(3)) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400–1000 IU/d (10–25 μg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.

The past decade, particularly the last 18 months, witnessed a vigorous increase in interest in vitamin D from both the lay and biomedical worlds. Much of the growing interest in vitamin D is powered by new data being extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The newest statistics demonstrate that more than 90% of the pigmented populace of the United States (Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians) now suffer from vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D <30 ng/ml), with nearly three fourths of the white population in this country also being vitamin D insufficient. This represents a near doubling of the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency seen just 10 yr ago in the same population. This review attempts to provide some explanation for: 1) the rapid decline in vitamin D status in the United States; 2) the adverse impact of vitamin D insufficiency on skeletal, infectious/inflammatory, and metabolic health in humans; and 3) the therapeutic rationale and reliable means for vigorous supplementation of our diets with vitamin D.

This article was published in the journal Exercise Immunology Review and is available here with the kind permission of the publisher. ; Vitamin D is mainly obtained through sunlight ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure of the skin, with a small amount typically coming from the diet. It is now clear that Vitamin D has important roles beyond its well-known effects on calcium and bone homeostasis. Immune cells express the Vitamin D receptor, including antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells, and these cells are all capable of synthesizing the biologically active Vitamin D metabolite, 1, 25 dihydroxy Vitamin D. There has been growing interest in the benefits of supplementing Vitamin D as studies report Vitamin D insufficiency (circulating 25(OH)D 75 nmol/L.