Suchergebnisse

We integrate the combined agricultural production effects of forecasted changes in CO2, temperature and precipitation into a multi-regional, country-wide partial equilibrium positive mathematical programming model. By conducting a meta-analysis of 2103 experimental observations from 259 agronomic studies we estimate production functions relating yields to CO2 concentration and temperature for 55 crops. We apply the model to simulate climate change in Israel based on 15 agricultural production regions. Downscaled projections for CO2 concentration, temperature and precipitation were derived from three general circulation models and four representative concentration pathways, showing temperature increase and precipitation decline throughout most of the county during the future periods 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. Given the constrained regional freshwater and non-freshwater quotas, farmers will adapt by partial abandonment of agriculture lands, increasing focus on crops grown in controlled environments at the expense of open-field and rain-fed crops. Both agricultural production and prices decline, leading to reduced agricultural revenues; nevertheless, production costs reduce at a larger extent such that farming profits increase. As total consumer surplus also augments, overall social welfare rises. We find that this outcome is reversed if the positive fertilization effects of increased CO2 concentrations are overlooked. ; We integrate the combined agricultural production effects of forecasted changes in CO2, temperature and precipitation into a multi-regional, country-wide partial equilibrium positive mathematical programming model. By conducting a meta-analysis of 2103 experimental observations from 259 agronomic studies we estimate production functions relating yields to CO2 concentration and temperature for 55 crops. We apply the model to simulate climate change in Israel based on 15 agricultural production regions. Downscaled projections for CO2 concentration, temperature and precipitation were derived from three general circulation models and four representative concentration pathways, showing temperature increase and precipitation decline throughout most of the county during the future periods 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. Given the constrained regional freshwater and non-freshwater quotas, farmers will adapt by partial abandonment of agriculture lands, increasing focus on crops grown in controlled environments at the expense of open-field and rain-fed crops. Both agricultural production and prices decline, leading to reduced agricultural revenues; nevertheless, production costs reduce at a larger extent such that farming profits increase. As total consumer surplus also augments, overall social welfare rises. We find that this outcome is reversed if the positive fertilization effects of increased CO2 concentrations are overlooked.

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) female inflorescences are important raw materials used to produce beers, cosmetics, and medicines. Vegetative propagation is the preferred way of obtaining seedlings for commercial cultivations as female plants produce more lupulin than male plants, a component of commercial interest. It can be carried out by macropropagation (stem cuttings or rhizomes) or micropropagation. This review aimed to systematize different techniques of hop vegetative propagation, with no time frame, from searches in the main academic research bases: Capes Journal Portal, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Most studies are related to micropropagation, mainly addressing different plant regulators and concentrations, as well as types of explants and culture media, strategies to produce virus-free plants, artificial lighting, and cryopreservation. Experiments with stem cuttings are more common regarding macropropagation, but factors such as size and origin of cuttings, rooting period, and the response of different cultivars need to be better evaluated. Cultivation by cuttings allows the production of clones of female plants and micropropagation the production of virus-free clones in a short time and less physical space. Currently, micropropagation has been widely applied to cryopreservation.

One of the worst outcomes of acquired brain injury is the vegetative state, recently renamed 'unresponsive wakefulness syndrome' (VS/UWS). A patient in VS/UWS shows reflexive behaviour such as spontaneous eye opening and breathing, but no signs of awareness of the self or the environment. We performed a systematic review of VS/UWS prevalence studies and assessed their reliability. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched in April 2013 for cross-sectional point or period prevalence studies explicitly stating the prevalence of VS/UWS due to acute causes within the general population. We additionally checked bibliographies and consulted experts in the field to obtain 'grey data' like government reports. Relevant publications underwent quality assessment and data-extraction. We retrieved 1032 papers out of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence figures varied from 0.2 to 6.1 VS/UWS patients per 100 000 members of the population. However, the publications' methodological quality differed substantially, in particular with regards to inclusion criteria and diagnosis verification. The reliability of VS/UWS prevalence figures is poor. Methodological flaws in available prevalence studies, the fact that 5/14 of the studies predate the identification of the minimally conscious state (MCS) as a distinct entity in 2002, and insufficient verification of included cases may lead to both overestimation and underestimation of the actual number of patients in VS/UWS. ; Peer reviewed

This research is related to the performance evaluation of twelve Coffea arabica cultivars in Vale do Ribeira Paulista, in order to generate consistent information for the technical recommendation for cultivation in the region. The experiment was set in February 2018, at the Experimental Campus of the São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP in Registro, SP, Brazil, in a spacing of 3.00 x 0.60 m, in a randomized block design with three replications. The following parameters were evaluated: stem diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, plant height, number of internodes of plagiotropic branches, length of the first plagiotropic branch, incidence of brown spots and phoma leaf spot, infestation by leaf miner and yield. The results showed a good adaptation of all cultivars to growing conditions in Vale do Ribeira Paulista, with higher and faster vegetative development of large coffee cultivars. The productive potential of cultivars in the first harvest was similar to the performance of the same cultivars in traditional growing regions, with emphasis on 'Arara' and 'Catucaí Amarelo 24/137', with about 55 bags ha-1 of processed coffee. There was no incidence of rust disease in the experimental evaluation period, unlike other biotic agents such as leaf miner, phoma-spot and brown eye spot.

Watermelon has been reported to be vulnerable to insect pest pressure throughout its growth stages with a resultant indiscriminate calendar-based insecticide application (of up to 25 sprays/season in the study area), with its attendant consequences. In order to recommend the crop growth period(s) to effect chemical control measures that will give better return on investment, field trials were set-up in the early- and late-cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017. Forty, 5m long x 8m wide plots were demarcated in randomized complete block design in 4 replications. Treatments were applications of 0.5% Cyper-diforce® (Cypermethrin 30g/L + Dimethoate 250g/L) at seedling, mid-vegetative, mid-flowering, mid-fruiting stages and their combinations. Unsprayed plots served as control. Pest and beneficial arthropod density, leaf injury, crop growth and yield data were collected and subjected to variance analysis and significantly different means were separated by SNK at 5% level of probability. Cost:benefit ratios of the various treatments was also computed. Findings indicate that, leaf-eating beetles had the highest impact on stand survival and yield. Insect pest density and damage generally decreased with increase in frequency of insecticide application and treatment differences were significant (p< 0.05) except in the case of A. gossypii in the late-sown crop of 2017. Plot sprayed at seedling + vegetative + fruiting stages gave the highest fruit yield and return on investment. It is therefore suggested that, for economic production of watermelon, the crop should not be sprayed during the flowering period.

Purpose:to study the clinical, neurological, and psychological status of patients at acute period of mild cranial brain trauma caused by shock wave. Material: patients participated in fighting actions in the East of Ukraine, which were treated in neurological department of Military medical clinical centre of Northern region in 2015. Results: authors have revealed some symptoms of sensory disorders in the form of nonspecific sensomotor hemisyndrome and general analgesia. Conclusions:Mild closed cranial brain trauma, caused by shock wave, in its acute period has more severe course than in civilian traumas. The identified symptoms are the result of complex influence of shock wave on the central nervous system and nonspecific structures of brain that subsequently can lead to the vegetative nervous system's disorders and impairment of higher cortical (mental) functions, and also to adjustment disorders and social maladjustment.

The data of 50 mobilized participants of the antiterrorist operation (ATO) on the territory of eastern Ukraine, who are undergoing treatment and rehabilitation in the Volyn Regional Hospital of War Veterans, are presented. Due to the data obtained: middle age, period of service in the combat zone, causes of hospitalization, features of local dermographism, a «model» of the ATO participant was formed. The results of the pilot study showed that the average age of the military man was 34,88 ± 9,44 years old (the youngest soldier was 21 years old and the oldest of them was 59 years old). Half (50 %) of the defendants were aged 26–35. The period of the military service is 8,5 ± 4,4 months (from 2 to 16 months). 42 % of the respondents are getting inpatient treatment for the first time, while 58 % of them are undergoing treatment and rehabilitation for the second time. The causes of hospitalization in 56 % of cases were wounds in the ATO area, and in 44 % – deterioration of chronic diseases or primary pathological changes. According to local dermographism, it has been established that more than two thirds of hospitalized participants of the ATO due to the vegetative «passport» are sympathologists and only one third – vagotonics. Among the battle participants, 68 % of the sympathologists and 32 % of the vagotonics were injured. 64 % of the sympathlogists and 36 % of the vagotonics were hospitalized with health deterioration. Taking into account the obtained data, a «model» of a mobilized ATO participant is formed – a young male sympathologist, at the age of 35, has done military service for 8,5 months during which was wounded, undergoes second treatment and rehabilitation. ; Приведены данные 50 мобилизованных участников антитеррористической операции (АТО) на территории Востока Украины, которые проходят курс лечения и реабилитации в Волынском областном госпитале ветеранов войны. На основе полученных данных: средний возраст, срок пребывания в зоне боевых действий, причины госпитализации, особенностей местного дермографизма – сформировалась «модель» участника АТО. Результаты пилотного исследования показали, что средний возраст военных составлял 34,88 ± 9,44 лет (самому молодому бойцу – 21 год; старшему – 59 лет). Половина (50 %) опрошенных защитников имеют возраст 26–35 лет. Срок пребывания на военной службе – 8,5 ± 4,4 мес. (от двух до 16 мес.). 42 % респондентов на стационарном лечении находятся впервые, в то время как 58 % – повторно проходят курс лечения и реабилитации. Причинами госпитализации в 56 % случаев были полученные ранения в зоне АТО, а в 44 % – обострение хронических заболеваний или первичные патологические изменения. По данным местного дермографизма, установлено, что более двух третей госпитализированных участников АТО по вегетативном «паспорте» являются симпатотониками и только треть – ваготониками. Среди участников боевых действий ранения получили 68 % симпатотоников и 32 % ваготоников. С ухудшением в состоянии здоровья госпитализированы 64 % симпатотоников и 36 % ваготоников. Учитывая полученные данные, формируем «модель» мобилизованого участника АТО – это молодой мужчина-симпатотоник в возрасте 35 лет, на военной службе находился 8,5 месяцев, получил боевые ранения, повторно проходит курс лечения и реабилитации ; Наведено дані 50 мобілізованих учасників антитерористичної операції (АТО) на території Сходу України, які проходять курс лікування та реабілітації у Волинському обласному госпіталі для ветеранів війни. На основі отриманих даних: середній вік, термін перебування в зоні бойових дій, причини госпіталізації, особливостей місцевого дермографізму сформувалася «модель» учасника АТО. Результати пілотного дослідження показали, що середній вік військових становив 34,88±9,44 років (наймолодшому бійцеві – 21 рік; найстаршому – 59). Половина (50 %) з опитаних захисників віком 26–35 років. Термін перебування на військовій службі – 8,5±4,4 міс. (від двох до 16 міс.). 42 % респондентів на стаціонарному лікуванні перебувають уперше, у той час як 58 % повторно проходять курс лікування та реабілітації. Причинами госпіталізації в 56 % випадків були отримані порання в зоні АТО, а в 44 % – загострення хронічних захворювань або первинні патологічні зміни. За даними місцевого дермографізму, установлено, що понад дві третини госпіталізованих учасників АТО за вегетативним «паспортом» є симпатотоніками й лише третина – ваготоніками. Серед учасників бойових дій поранення отримали 68 % симпатотоніків і 32 % ваготоніків. Із погіршенням у стані здоров'я госпіталізовано 64 % симпатотоніків і 36 % ваготоніків. Ураховуючи отримані дані, формуємо «модель»мобілізованого учасника АТО – це молодий мужчина-симпатотонік віком 35 років, на військовій службі перебував 8,5 місяця, отримав бойові поранення, повторно проходить курс лікування та реабілітації.

For strawberry cultivation in Brazil, producers are dependent on imported seedlings. An alternative strategy to reduce this dependence is the use of seedlings obtained from nursery plants grown in a protected environment. However, as these seedlings are produced in the summer and planted at the end of this season or the spring of the following year, it is necessary to control growth to reduce the energy costs of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and periods of application of proexadione calcium (ProCa) on growth control of strawberry seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings of the cultivars 'Aromas' and 'Camarosa', produced by rooting stolons and kept in polystyrene trays of 72 cells in a substrate of carbonized rice husk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 concentrations of ProCa: 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1 × 2 periods of application: at 20 and 30 days after the planting period of rooting stolon). Plant survival, crown diameter, petiole length, total leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and dry mass of the crown and shoot were evaluated. The application of ProCa at 20 days after the planting period of the rooting stolon at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg L-1 favored the reduction of petiole length in plants of 'Aromas' strawberry and total leaf aerial in 'Camarosa' strawberry. The application of ProCa from the concentration of 100 mg L-1 reduced the vegetative growth of 'Aromas' and 'Camarosa' strawberry seedlings cultivated in substrate.

Vigorous growth of soybean root system is a desired trait in breeding programs. However, few studies have evaluated this feature under field conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate root growth of eight soybean cultivars under different water availability conditions. The experiment was carried out in Londrina, Paraná state, Brazil, during two growing seasons - with and without water deficit during the vegetative period. Soybean roots were sampled at flowering and assessed for dry matter yield, area and length at 0-0.25; 0.25-0.50; 0.50-0.75 and 0.75-1.00 m depth ranges. On average, root length and area of the cultivars Embrapa 48 and BRS 284 under water deficit were 66% and 40% larger than the others at 0.25-0.50 and 0.50-0.75 m layers, respectively. Under suitable water supply, BRS 282 showed the highest root length and area. Apart from the cultivars Embrapa 48, BRS 284, and BRS 255RR, soybean root growth was mostly lower under water deficit throughout the vegetative stage, which might been due to a higher soil resistance to root penetration, resulting from low soil water content. Drought increased the proportion of soybean roots at subsoil layers, mainly for Embrapa 48 and BRS 284. The cultivars Embrapa 48 and BRS 284 are promising to be used in breeding programs targeting superior root growth in subsoil layers.

The growth and development of gladiolus, a cut flower widely used in decorations and commemorative dates, are influenced by the ambient temperature. Elevated temperatures shorten the growing cycle and accelerate flowering, while low temperatures delay development. Four gladiolus cultivars (White Goddess, Purple Flora, Green Star, Yester e Spic en Span) were evaluated for growth, development, and quality of floral stems, during autumn, in average temperatures of 24.31ºC. During the vegetative period, White Goddess presented the highest plant height. Entry into the reproductive stage R1 occurred between 56.81 and 65.41 days after planting and harvesting in R3 occurred between 63 and 77 days. Purple Flora stood out as the earliest cultivar and Spic en Span as the early. The gladiolus plants had a plant height greater than 90 cm and an inflorescence diameter greater than 5 mm at harvest, values within the required commercial standards. However, Green Star and Spic en Span had several rapiers below 8, an undesirable value. The cultivar White Goddess had the highest longevity, 6.75 days. The cultivation of gladiolus in regions with a Brazilian tropical climate allows a reduction in the cultivation cycle, and production of floral stems within commercialization standards.

Обследовано 35 больных артериальной гипертензией, принимавших участие в современных вооруженных конфликтах на территории Афганистана и Чеченской республики (1 группа), средняя продолжительность участия в боевых действиях – 19,67±3,124 месяцев. Группу контроля составили 25 пациентов с артериальной гипертензией, не принимавших участие в военных конфликтах (2 группа). У пациентов 1 группы выявлены нарушения психологического фона в виде более выраженных тревожных расстройств. Вегетативный дисбаланс характеризовался преобладанием симпатического звена, ослаблением парасимпатической активности при усилении централизации в управлении сердечным ритмом и ослаблении влияния автономного контура регуляции, что свидетельствует о неадекватности вегетативных реакций жизнеобеспечения и указывает на более тяжелое течение артериальной гипертензии у мужчин в отдаленном периоде боевого стресса. ; The study involved 35 patients with arterial hypertension who participated in today´s armed conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechen Republic (1 group), average duration of participation in the hostilities – will earmark 19.67±3,124 months. Monitoring group constituted 25 patients with arterial hypertension, not taking part in military conflicts (group 2). In patients of the 1 group revealed violations of psychological background in the form of more expressed anxiety disorders. The autonomic imbalance was characterized by the predominance of the sympathetic managers, the weakening of parasympathetic activity in strengthening the centralization of the management of cardiac rhythm and weakening the influence of the Autonomous circuit regulation, which testifies to the inadequacy of the vegetative reactions of life-support and indicates a more severe arterial hypertension in men in the remote period of combat stress.

Este artículo contiene 13 páginas, 4 tablas, 6 figuras. ; Riparian trees can regulate streamflow dynamics and water budgets by taking up large amounts of water from both soil and groundwater compartments. However, their role has not been fully recognized in the hydrologic literature and the catchment modeling community. In this study, we explored the influence of riparian evapotranspiration (ET) on streamflow by simulating daily stream water exports from three nested Mediterranean catchments, both including and excluding the riparian compartment in the structure of the PERSiST (Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and Runoff Simulator for Solute Transport) rainfall–runoff model. The model goodness of fit for the calibration period (September 2010–August 2012) significantly improved with the inclusion of the riparian compartment, especially during the vegetative period, when according to our simulations, the riparian zone significantly reduced the overestimation of mean daily streamflow (from 53% to 27 %). At the catchment scale, simulated riparian ET accounted for 5.5% to 8.4% of annual water depletions over a 20-year reference period (1981–2000), and its contribution was especially noticeable during summer (from 8%to 26 %). Simulations considering climate change scenarios suggest large increases in riparian ET during the dormant period (from 19% to 46 %) but only small increases (from 1% to 2 %) in its contribution to annual water budgets. Overall, our results highlight that a good assessment of riparian ET is essential for understanding catchment hydrology and streamflow dynamics in Mediterranean regions. Thus, the inclusion of the riparian compartment in hydrological models is strongly recommended in order to establish proper management strategies in water-limited regions. ; Financial support was provided by the Spanish Government through projects MONTES-Consolider (CSD2008- 00040-MONTES), MEDFORESTREAM (CGL2011-30590), and MEDSOUL (CGL2014-59977-C3-2). Anna Lupon was supported by a Kempe Foundation stipend (Sweden). José L. J. Ledesma was funded by the Swedish Research Council (Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas, grant/award number 2015-1518). Susana Bernal's work was funded by European Social Funds (FSE) and the NICUS (CGL-2014-55234-JIN) project. ; Peer reviewed