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Includes bibliographical references (pages 185-190) and indexes. ; Epidemiology of tuberculosis -- The knowledge of the ancients -- The Middle Ages -- Contagion -- Pathology -- The tubercle -- The tubercle bacillus -- Immunity -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Rest treatment of tuberculosis -- Climate -- Sanatoria -- Legislative prophylaxis. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for most cases of tuberculosis; the reservoir of infection is the human being with active tuberculosis. It is estimated that tuberculosis affects 1,7 thousand million of individuals worldwide, with eight to 10 million new cases and 1,6 million deaths each year. Certain pathological conditions increase the risk: diabetes mellitus, Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lung disease, chronic renal failure, malnutrition, alcoholism and immunosuppression. Infection is the presence of organisms that may or may not cause clinically significant disease. Systemic miliary tuberculosis occurs when the bacteria spread through the systemic arterial system; it is most prominent in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, adrenal, meninges, kidneys, fallopian tubes, ovaries and epididymis, seeded through the blood and it can be the initial manifestation. ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis es responsable de la mayor parte de los casos de tuberculosis; el reservorio de la infección es el ser humano con tuberculosis activa. Se calcula que la tuberculosis afecta a 1 700 millones de individuos en todo el mundo, con de ocho a 10 millones de casos nuevos y 1,6 millones de muertes cada año. Ciertos estados patológicos incrementan el riesgo: diabetes mellitus, linfoma de Hodgkin, enfermedad pulmonar crónica, insuficiencia renal crónica, malnutrición, alcoholismo e inmunosupresión. La infección es la presencia de organismos que pueden o no causar enfermedad clínicamente significativa. La tuberculosis miliar sistémica aparece cuando las bacterias se diseminan a través del sistema arterial sistémico, es más prominente en el hígado, la médula ósea, el bazo, las suprarrenales, las meninges, los riñones, las trompas de Falopio, los ovarios y los epidídimos, sembrados por vía hematógena y puede ser la manifestación inicial.

This brief contains the general information of the Federal state of Micronesia, major problems of the country, and in particular Tuberculosis disease and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Under the general information of Micronesia, the location, the political structure, the demographic information, and the internal and also external challenges are listed. This brief also has detailed information about the two simultaneous outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis of Micronesia. Tuberculosis is one of death contributing factor in Micronesia. Tuberculosis can be cured if the therapy is properly taken but if the therapy isn't taken properly, the TB disease can grow into Multidrug –Resistance tuberculosis, which very risky and expensive to treat. The information about the outcomes, treatment, and part of the population at risk, Prevalence of tuberculosis and MDR TB can be found in this brief. Two graphs are included in this brief to emphasize the confirmed case and death due to the outbreaks during 2007-2009 in Micronesia. The other graph shows the death and treatment of infected people with tuberculosis.

PubMedID: 28151863 ; The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features, and outcome of the patients with miliary tuberculosis (TB). We retrospectively evaluated 263 patients (142 male, 121 female, mean age: 44 years, range: 16-89 years) with miliary TB. Criteria for the diagnosis of miliary TB were at least one of the followings in the presence of clinical presentation suggestive of miliary TB such as prolonged fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss: Radiologic criterion and pathological criterion and/or microbiological criterion; pathological criterion and/or microbiological criterion. The miliary pattern was seen in 88% of the patients. Predisposing factors were found in 41% of the patients. Most frequent clinical features and laboratory findings were fever (100%), fatigue (91%), anorexia (85%), weight loss (66%), hepatomegaly (20%), splenomegaly (19%), choroid tubercules (8%), anemia (86%), pancytopenia (12%), and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (89%). Tuberculin skin test was positive in 29% of cases. Fifty percent of the patients met the criteria for fever of unknown origin. Acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated in 41% of patients (81/195), and cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were positive in 51% (148/292) of tested specimens (predominantly sputum, CSF, and bronchial lavage). Blood cultures were positive in 20% (19/97). Granulomas in tissue samples of liver, lung, and bone marrow were present in 100% (21/21), 95% (18/19), and 82% (23/28), respectively. A total of 223 patients (85%) were given a quadruple anti-TB treatment. Forty-four (17%) patients died within 1 year after diagnosis established. Age, serum albumin, presence of military pattern, presence of mental changes, and hemoglobin concentration were found as independent predictors of mortality. Fever resolved within first 21 days in the majority (90%) of the cases. Miliary infiltrates on chest X-ray should raise the possibility of miliary TB especially in countries where TB is endemic. Although biopsy of the lungs and liver may have higher yield rate of organ involvement histopathologicaly, less invasive procedures including a bone marrow biopsy and blood cultures should be preferred owing to low complication rates. © 2017 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

PubMed ID: 28151863 ; The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features, and outcome of the patients with miliary tuberculosis (TB). We retrospectively evaluated 263 patients (142 male, 121 female, mean age: 44 years, range: 16-89 years) with miliary TB. Criteria for the diagnosis of miliary TB were at least one of the followings in the presence of clinical presentation suggestive of miliary TB such as prolonged fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss: Radiologic criterion and pathological criterion and/or microbiological criterion; pathological criterion and/or microbiological criterion. The miliary pattern was seen in 88% of the patients. Predisposing factors were found in 41% of the patients. Most frequent clinical features and laboratory findings were fever (100%), fatigue (91%), anorexia (85%), weight loss (66%), hepatomegaly (20%), splenomegaly (19%), choroid tubercules (8%), anemia (86%), pancytopenia (12%), and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (89%). Tuberculin skin test was positive in 29% of cases. Fifty percent of the patients met the criteria for fever of unknown origin. Acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated in 41% of patients (81/195), and cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were positive in 51% (148/292) of tested specimens (predominantly sputum, CSF, and bronchial lavage). Blood cultures were positive in 20% (19/97). Granulomas in tissue samples of liver, lung, and bone marrow were present in 100% (21/21), 95% (18/19), and 82% (23/28), respectively. A total of 223 patients (85%) were given a quadruple anti-TB treatment. Forty-four (17%) patients died within 1 year after diagnosis established. Age, serum albumin, presence of military pattern, presence of mental changes, and hemoglobin concentration were found as independent predictors of mortality. Fever resolved within first 21 days in the majority (90%) of the cases. Miliary infiltrates on chest X-ray should raise the possibility of miliary TB especially in countries where TB is endemic. Although biopsy of the lungs and liver may have higher yield rate of organ involvement histopathologicaly, less invasive procedures including a bone marrow biopsy and blood cultures should be preferred owing to low complication rates. © 2017 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public concern of Bangladesh for decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Bangladesh ranks sixth among the 22 high TB-burden countries. Thus in order to improve the TB status, BRAC introduced the tuberculosis control program in 1984 in collaboration with the government. In this paper is carried out on the number of reported cases and deaths from endemic of tuberculosis. Time series analysis performed on this data reveals that tuberculosis infection has been on the rise over the years. The situation is also the same as the number of deaths. Reported cases and death cases are forecasted to carry out using appropriate and reliable method that also indicates in the two related population in this research work.

Tuberculosis in the Gambia This brief consists of some general information about Gambia, demographic information, the effects of tuberculosis in the country including the challenges brought forth by the disease, and some personal suggestions on the matter. From the general information on Gambia, we learn the location, political structure as well as major internal and external challenges faced by the country. Tuberculosis is one of the country's major internal challenges in addition to its environmental and economic issues. Under the demographic information we get a broader idea of the Gambia people by looking at population demographic such as birth and death rate and religion distribution as well as the major ethnic groups. Through this brief we learn that tuberculosis is one of major infectious diseases that has caused a great deal of death and unnecessary pain in the Gambia. The document contains statistical data which displays the gravity of the issue. Additionally, the brief references studies conducted in Gambia regarding the medical issue. We also learn the way of identification as well as the challenges the country faces in terms of intervention. The personal suggestions consist of possible measures that the government could take in order to prevent and reduce the effect of tuberculosis on the Gambian people.

"The fact that the World Health Organization has declared tuberculosis a "global emergency" indicates the serious inadequacy of the ways in which the control methods at our disposal are used. Several books on tuberculosis have been published in recent years, but none have taken a deep and detailed look at the "holistic" aspects of global tuberculosis control, even though international agencies are increasingly aware of the importance of the numerous factors other than the design and efficacy of therapeutic drug regimens. This unique book fills that gap. Although it deals specifically with tuberculosis, the principles outlined and discussed are relevant to many other areas of global medicine, including the ever-growing problem of HIV/AIDS.The book is aimed principally at those involved in the design, establishment and management of disease control programmes at international, national and local levels, and also at a more general readership of epidemiologists, public health officers, community psychologists, and others interested in understanding the human dimension of disease control."

Chapter of a study presented by the author, to opt for the substitution of a professorship at the University of Buenos Aires. ; Capitulo de un estudio presentado par el autor, para optar a las suplencia de una cátedra en la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

This is the seventeenth global report on tuberculosis (TB) published by WHO in a series that started in 1997. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and progress in implementing and financing TB prevention care and control at global regional and country levels using data reported by 198 countries that account for over 99% of the world's TB cases. The introductory chapter provides general background on TB as well as an explanation of global targets for TB control the WHO's Stop TB Strategy and the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan to Stop TB 2011 2015. The rema