Suchergebnisse

The rule of law crisis in Poland consists of several elements – undermining the independence of courts, politicization of disciplinary proceedings against judges, and lack of legal certainty. None of them, however, raises so many doubts and concerns as the status of judges appointed or promoted upon the request of the politically captured National Council of Judiciary (NCJ).
In this blog post, we analyse the diverse composition of the group of judges appointed or promoted upon the motion of the NCJ from 2018. We also discuss the relevant jurisprudence of national and international courts and the current state of debate concerning this problem and possible solutions.

1. Introduction : turbulent transitions into the 21st century / Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou and Timothy D. Sisk -- 2. Reviving transitology : democratisation then and now / Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou and Timothy D. Sisk -- 3. Divergent and partial transitions : lessons from Ukraine and Egypt / Kateryna Pishchikova and Richard Youngs -- 4. Electoral transitions : stumbling out of the gate / Pippa Norris -- 5. Democratisation in the Asia-Pacific : two steps forward? / Benjamin Reilly -- 6. The transition in East-Central Europe / Andre Liebich -- 7. Successes and breakdowns : democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa / Julien Morency-Laflamme -- 8. Thirty years past : transitology in the Southern Cone / Diego Abente-Brun and Ignacio Gonzalez-Bozzolasco -- 9. Transitology a l'Arabe : confirmation and challenge / Bahgat Korany -- 10. From transitology to consolidology / Philippe C. Schmitter.

The 2010's was a critical period in the continuing, established trend of the spread of democracy worldwide: from the Arab Spring countries of Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Yemen to the unfolding turmoil of Myanmar and Ukraine, by way of the upheavals in Burkina Faso, Senegal and Ivory Coast, social mobilisation against autocratic, corrupt, or military regimes has precipitated political transitions that are characteristic of "democratisation." This book examines the state of democratisation theory and practice that reopens and revives the democratic transition debate, exploring the factors that lead to the demise of autocracy, the pathways and processes of change, and the choice for an eventual consolidation of democracy. For all its insights and shortcomings, the framework of transitology - a body of literature that has comparatively and through case-study analysis, examined common patterns, sequences, crises and outcomes of transitional periods - has been largely eschewed. The essays, written by international democratisation specialists, tackle the series of questions raised by a body of literature that remains highly useful to understand contemporary political turbulence and transformation, considering numerous crucial issues. This work will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of governance, democratisation, comparative politics, international relations, political science and more broadly, history. --

An exploration of studies of postcommunist countries by transitologists, who use a nomothetic (universal law) approach, & advocates of area studies, who employ an idiographic (unique circumstances) approach, points out the limitations of both schools, & suggests a more productive methodology. The first half of the 1990s was dominated by transitologists who focused on single cases or analyses of similarities, but by the end of the 1990s scholars from area students, comparativist traditions, & area specialists trained in comparative methodology all became more concerned with the uniqueness of the communist experience. While most actor-level transitological analyses have focused on similarities in outcomes, social scientists who were attempting to explain differences in outcomes tended to employ some kind of institutional analysis. Although it was once feared that comparativists would appropriate area studies, it is argued that the new tendency to combine institutionalism with a psychological emotive approach helps to refine research on democratic transitions, reinvigorates neo-institutional theory, & allows area studies specialists to make valuable contributions to comparative studies. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.