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Technology is often packaged in the form of tangible assets, intangible property, and knowledge and skills. These different forms of technology may be transferred from one country to another through trade in tangible and intangible assets, the provision of services or licensing and leasing agreements, and also as part of foreign direct investment (FDI). These different modes of transfer and methods of payments may give rise to different tax obligations. This study examines the implications of various tax instruments on the transfer of technology from the perspective of both technology importing and exporting countries. It also identifies some of the tax-related policy instruments that can be used to promote technology transfer to developing countries.--Publisher's description

ABSTRACTA low‐wage developing economy (South) is interested in accessing and attracting superior technology from a high‐wage developed economy (North) with firms having heterogeneous quality of technology. To improve upon the initial market equilibrium, which shows that relatively inefficient technologies will move to the South, the host government invests in infrastructure financed through taxing the foreign firms. We discuss the problem of existence of such a tax‐transfer mechanism within a balanced budget framework. We argue that such a policy can increase tax revenue as well as instigate the transfer of better quality technology. It turns out that this policy is more likely to be successful when the production concerns high‐value, high‐price products in low‐wage economies. Our results improve upon the conventional strategy of a tax break.

The definition and measurement of the cost of using real capital as an input in production has been much discussed and approached in several ways in earlier literature. This present study attempts to give a unified treatment of the cost of capital services, with emphasis on its relation to the corporate tax system on the one hand, and to the production technology of the firm on the other. It provides a thorough discussion of capital as a factor of production, relating the measurement of the price of capital services to the measurement of capital stock. A parallel treatment of capital and its service price with a neo-classical technology and with a putty-clay technology is presented. The book also discusses and unifies different concepts of neutrality of income taxation presented in the public finance literature. Illustrations based on data for the manufacturing sector of the Norwegian economy are given, relating partly to the actual tax system and partly to more or less hypothetical tax reforms. The study is intended to serve as a reference for researchers in econometric model building, corporate investment behaviour, tax analysis, and national accounting.

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This article reviews significant recent developments in the lawsaffecting Virginia state and local taxation. Each section coverslegislative activity, judicial decisions, and selected opinions fromthe Virginia Department of Taxation (the "Department") and the Virginia Attorney General over the past year.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- "Amazon" Laws and Taxation -- of Internet Sales: -- Constitutional Analysis( -- Summary -- Constitutional Requirements -- Nexus -- Discriminatory Taxes -- Congressional Authority to Act -- Recent State Legislation -- Click-through Nexus -- Required Notification -- End Notes -- State Taxation of -- Internet Transactions( -- Summary -- Introduction -- State and Local Sales and Use Taxes -- Components of the Sales and Use Tax -- Tax Base -- Tax Rate -- State Reliance on Sales Taxes -- Description of the SSUTA -- State Level Administration -- Uniform Tax Base -- Simplified Tax Rates -- Standard Rate Sourcing Rules for Cross-Jurisdictional Sales -- SSUTA Stakeholders -- Congressional and State Legislative Activity -- SSUTA Legislation -- Other Remote Seller Sales Tax Collection Legislation -- Amazon Laws -- Economic Issues -- Efficiency -- Equity -- Differential Effect among States -- Revenue Loss Estimates -- End Notes -- Statement of House Judiciary Committee Chairman Lamar Smith. Hearing on "Constitutional Limitations on States' Authority to Collect Sales Taxes in E-Commerce"( -- Testimony of Dan Marshall, Owner, Marshall Music Co. Hearing on "Constitutional Limitations on States' Authority to Collect Sales Taxes in E-Commerce"( -- Testimony of Dr. Patrick M. Byrne, Chairman and CEO, Overstock.com, Inc. Hearing on "Constitutional Limitations on States' Authority to Collect Sales Taxes in E-Commerce"( -- About Overstock -- The Burden of Remote State Sales -- Tax Collection -- Why Nexus Is Critical -- The Status Quo Is a Success -- A Fairer Approach if a Federal Solution -- Is Essential -- Conclusion -- Testimony of John Otto, Representative, Texas House of Representatives. Hearing on "Constitutional Limitations on States' Authority to Collect Sales Taxes in E-Commerce"( -- Testimony of Tod Cohen

The Internet Tax Freedom Act (ITFA) placed a three-year moratorium on the ability of state and local governments to (1) impose new taxes on Internet access or (2) impose any multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. The act grandfathered the state and local access taxes that were ". generally imposed and actually enforced prior to October 1, 1998 ." This report discusses issues of state and local taxation of Internet transactions because commerce conducted by parties in different states over the Internet.