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"Prepared by C. Edwin Davis."--p. [3] ; Bibliography: p. [18]-19. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Раздел "АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА" ; В статье право рассматривается как совокупность различных знаковых систем: естественной, образной, языковой, системы записей и символической. Система законодательства относится к категории языковых знаковых систем и систем записи. В статье анализируются следующие элементы языковой знаковой системы: базисные и производные знаки, функциональные элементы системы, ее метаязык, а также три основные логики оперирования системой (логика соответствия, логика внутрисистемных трансформаций и логика приложения). = Law in the article considered as a set of different symbol systems: natural, imaginative, linguistic, and symbolic. The system of law applicable to the category of sign language systems and writing systems. The article analyzes the following elements of the language sign system: basic and derived characters, the functional elements of the system and its meta-language, as well as the three main operating system of logic (the logic of consistency, the logic of intra-transformation and application logic).

The problem of the definition and correlation of such concepts as "system of legislation" ("legislation") and " system of normative legal acts" was examined in this article. The parallel use of two different terms to denote the same legal phenomenon makes it important to clarify the content of these concepts, and to determine correlation between them.The modern level of studying the problem allows us to conclude that the concept of "system of legislation" ("legislation"), and the concept "system of normative legal acts" is collective concepts, and they are determined by the enumeration of their constituent elements. The system of legislation (legislation) is a system (set of) laws, and the system of normative legal acts is a system (set of) normative legal acts.A scientific discussion is taking place around the question of which normative legal acts and laws are incorporated into these concepts. The prevailing in legal literature definition of the concept of legislation as a system of normative legal acts identifies it with the notion of "system of normative legal acts". The system of normative legal acts of Ukraine is determined by the current legislation of Ukraine. However, in practice, the question needs to be clarified: what are the legal acts that are adopted by state authorities and local self-government, are normative legal acts.To determine the concept of "system of legislation" ("legislation") as a system (set of) of laws, it is important to determine the meaning of the concept of "law". However, in the legal literature, the concept of "law" has no unambiguous understanding. In opinion of the author of the article, defining the concept of "legislation" as a system (a set of) laws, it is necessary to proceed from the most general philosophical understanding of the concept of law as regularities, and not to substitute the concept of the law by the concept "normative legal act" or the concept "the law of Ukraine" as it happens.The law should be regarded as one of the types of social laws (economic, moral, religious, political, legal, etc.), taking into account the logic of defining the concept through the closest kind and type of difference. Then, the system of legislation (legislation) is a system (a set of) of legal laws. Further research of this problem must be carried out in the direction of studying the legal law as one of the types of social laws. ; У статті розглядається проблема визначення та співвідношення таких понять, як «система законодавства» («законодавство») та «система нормативно-правових актів». Зазначається, що з огляду на таку ознаку зазначених понять, як збірність, перспективним напрямом подальших наукових пошуків для уточнення змісту цих понять є вивчення їх складників, а саме понять закону та нормативно-правового акта.

The problem of the definition and correlation of such concepts as "system of legislation" ("legislation") and " system of normative legal acts" was examined in this article. The parallel use of two different terms to denote the same legal phenomenon makes it important to clarify the content of these concepts, and to determine correlation between them.The modern level of studying the problem allows us to conclude that the concept of "system of legislation" ("legislation"), and the concept "system of normative legal acts" is collective concepts, and they are determined by the enumeration of their constituent elements. The system of legislation (legislation) is a system (set of) laws, and the system of normative legal acts is a system (set of) normative legal acts.A scientific discussion is taking place around the question of which normative legal acts and laws are incorporated into these concepts. The prevailing in legal literature definition of the concept of legislation as a system of normative legal acts identifies it with the notion of "system of normative legal acts". The system of normative legal acts of Ukraine is determined by the current legislation of Ukraine. However, in practice, the question needs to be clarified: what are the legal acts that are adopted by state authorities and local self-government, are normative legal acts.To determine the concept of "system of legislation" ("legislation") as a system (set of) of laws, it is important to determine the meaning of the concept of "law". However, in the legal literature, the concept of "law" has no unambiguous understanding. In opinion of the author of the article, defining the concept of "legislation" as a system (a set of) laws, it is necessary to proceed from the most general philosophical understanding of the concept of law as regularities, and not to substitute the concept of the law by the concept "normative legal act" or the concept "the law of Ukraine" as it happens.The law should be regarded as one of the types of social laws (economic, moral, religious, political, legal, etc.), taking into account the logic of defining the concept through the closest kind and type of difference. Then, the system of legislation (legislation) is a system (a set of) of legal laws. Further research of this problem must be carried out in the direction of studying the legal law as one of the types of social laws. ; У статті розглядається проблема визначення та співвідношення таких понять, як «система законодавства» («законодавство») та «система нормативно-правових актів». Зазначається, що з огляду на таку ознаку зазначених понять, як збірність, перспективним напрямом подальших наукових пошуків для уточнення змісту цих понять є вивчення їх складників, а саме понять закону та нормативно-правового акта.

The submission of proposals for the abolition of the state senate to the people of Oregon at the two preceding general elections is occasion for a summary of considerations in reference to the bicameral system of legislation.The bicameral system has been so long and so widely prevalent that until very recently its "necessity" has been almost universally regarded as "a demonstrated truth." The British legislature, "the mother of parliaments," is a development from the assembly of "estates." Five distinct "estates" were present in the "Model Parliament" of 1295, but through the consolidation of interests, the organization of two legislative chambers, the House of Lords and the House of Commons, was soon evolved. The origin of the bicameral system was thus "not owing to any conviction that two houses would work better than either one or three, but was a matter of sheer accident," and was not "the invention of any clever constitution-maker." The bicameral system of legislation, generally based upon English precedent, has usually followed the extension of constitutional government, and at present most national legislatures consist of two chambers.

The quality system of legislation is a topical issue, which until now has been poorly investigated in Lithuania. Parliament is put under more pressure and more requirements so in order to keep the balance, legal acts must also face quality requirements to keep up with the high standards of legislation. The aim of the Master's thesis is to improve the quality system of legislation. Tasks of the work are: to analyze legal acts, different types of legal acts, development of drafts from initiation to admission; to analyze the issues of the quality system of legislation; carry out an author's survey; to prepare proposals for improvement of the quality system. Master's thesis consists of analysis of scientific and normative literature, description of research methodology, description of research results, proposals and conclusions presented by the author. In an exploratory study, an unstructured interview method was used, while the main study used half-structured interviews, giving respondents the opportunity to provide additional information they consider important at the time of the interview. During the literature and document analysis, it was established that the quality system of legislation in Lithuania exists in the Law on the Basis of Legislation of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos teisėkūros pagrindų įstatymas), the Order of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania on the Approval of Recommendations for the Drafting of Legislative Acts (Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministro įsakymas dėl teisės aktų projektų rengimo rekomendacijų patvirtinimo), and the Order of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania on the Approval of the Documents Preparation Rules (Lietuvos vyriausiojo archyvaro įsakymas dėl dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo). These legal acts provide for the principles of law, rules of the legal technique and the procedure for preparing documents, which must be followed during the drafting of legal acts. During the analysis, the reasons for possible incorrect use of the quality system of legislation were formed, which are to be checked during the author's research. The author's research analyzed the problematic aspects of the use of the legal framework for the quality system. It has been established that the misuse of this system does not arise from the inadequate system, but due to the qualification of Parliament members, their assistants qualification, distribution of funding among Parliament members and their assistants. Problematic aspects are systemic and must be aimed at eliminating them, thus consolidating the effective use of the system of quality evaluation of legislation among the representatives of the legislative branch. Two major proposals are presented for the improvement of the quality system of legislation: the creation of a methodological "book", i.e. combining the three pieces of legislation that separate the quality system of legislation into one easily accessible form and reorganizing the activities of the Legal Department in the Parliament, creating an initial and secondary evaluation of draft legal acts, thus avoiding common mistakes made by Parliament members and their assistants.

The quality system of legislation is a topical issue, which until now has been poorly investigated in Lithuania. Parliament is put under more pressure and more requirements so in order to keep the balance, legal acts must also face quality requirements to keep up with the high standards of legislation. The aim of the Master's thesis is to improve the quality system of legislation. Tasks of the work are: to analyze legal acts, different types of legal acts, development of drafts from initiation to admission; to analyze the issues of the quality system of legislation; carry out an author's survey; to prepare proposals for improvement of the quality system. Master's thesis consists of analysis of scientific and normative literature, description of research methodology, description of research results, proposals and conclusions presented by the author. In an exploratory study, an unstructured interview method was used, while the main study used half-structured interviews, giving respondents the opportunity to provide additional information they consider important at the time of the interview. During the literature and document analysis, it was established that the quality system of legislation in Lithuania exists in the Law on the Basis of Legislation of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos teisėkūros pagrindų įstatymas), the Order of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania on the Approval of Recommendations for the Drafting of Legislative Acts (Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministro įsakymas dėl teisės aktų projektų rengimo rekomendacijų patvirtinimo), and the Order of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania on the Approval of the Documents Preparation Rules (Lietuvos vyriausiojo archyvaro įsakymas dėl dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo). These legal acts provide for the principles of law, rules of the legal technique and the procedure for preparing documents, which must be followed during the drafting of legal acts. During the analysis, the reasons for possible incorrect use of the quality system of legislation were formed, which are to be checked during the author's research. The author's research analyzed the problematic aspects of the use of the legal framework for the quality system. It has been established that the misuse of this system does not arise from the inadequate system, but due to the qualification of Parliament members, their assistants qualification, distribution of funding among Parliament members and their assistants. Problematic aspects are systemic and must be aimed at eliminating them, thus consolidating the effective use of the system of quality evaluation of legislation among the representatives of the legislative branch. Two major proposals are presented for the improvement of the quality system of legislation: the creation of a methodological "book", i.e. combining the three pieces of legislation that separate the quality system of legislation into one easily accessible form and reorganizing the activities of the Legal Department in the Parliament, creating an initial and secondary evaluation of draft legal acts, thus avoiding common mistakes made by Parliament members and their assistants.

The quality system of legislation is a topical issue, which until now has been poorly investigated in Lithuania. Parliament is put under more pressure and more requirements so in order to keep the balance, legal acts must also face quality requirements to keep up with the high standards of legislation. The aim of the Master's thesis is to improve the quality system of legislation. Tasks of the work are: to analyze legal acts, different types of legal acts, development of drafts from initiation to admission; to analyze the issues of the quality system of legislation; carry out an author's survey; to prepare proposals for improvement of the quality system. Master's thesis consists of analysis of scientific and normative literature, description of research methodology, description of research results, proposals and conclusions presented by the author. In an exploratory study, an unstructured interview method was used, while the main study used half-structured interviews, giving respondents the opportunity to provide additional information they consider important at the time of the interview. During the literature and document analysis, it was established that the quality system of legislation in Lithuania exists in the Law on the Basis of Legislation of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos teisėkūros pagrindų įstatymas), the Order of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania on the Approval of Recommendations for the Drafting of Legislative Acts (Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministro įsakymas dėl teisės aktų projektų rengimo rekomendacijų patvirtinimo), and the Order of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania on the Approval of the Documents Preparation Rules (Lietuvos vyriausiojo archyvaro įsakymas dėl dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo). These legal acts provide for the principles of law, rules of the legal technique and the procedure for preparing documents, which must be followed during the drafting of legal acts. During the analysis, the reasons for possible incorrect use of the quality system of legislation were formed, which are to be checked during the author's research. The author's research analyzed the problematic aspects of the use of the legal framework for the quality system. It has been established that the misuse of this system does not arise from the inadequate system, but due to the qualification of Parliament members, their assistants qualification, distribution of funding among Parliament members and their assistants. Problematic aspects are systemic and must be aimed at eliminating them, thus consolidating the effective use of the system of quality evaluation of legislation among the representatives of the legislative branch. Two major proposals are presented for the improvement of the quality system of legislation: the creation of a methodological "book", i.e. combining the three pieces of legislation that separate the quality system of legislation into one easily accessible form and reorganizing the activities of the Legal Department in the Parliament, creating an initial and secondary evaluation of draft legal acts, thus avoiding common mistakes made by Parliament members and their assistants.

The quality system of legislation is a topical issue, which until now has been poorly investigated in Lithuania. Parliament is put under more pressure and more requirements so in order to keep the balance, legal acts must also face quality requirements to keep up with the high standards of legislation. The aim of the Master's thesis is to improve the quality system of legislation. Tasks of the work are: to analyze legal acts, different types of legal acts, development of drafts from initiation to admission; to analyze the issues of the quality system of legislation; carry out an author's survey; to prepare proposals for improvement of the quality system. Master's thesis consists of analysis of scientific and normative literature, description of research methodology, description of research results, proposals and conclusions presented by the author. In an exploratory study, an unstructured interview method was used, while the main study used half-structured interviews, giving respondents the opportunity to provide additional information they consider important at the time of the interview. During the literature and document analysis, it was established that the quality system of legislation in Lithuania exists in the Law on the Basis of Legislation of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos teisėkūros pagrindų įstatymas), the Order of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania on the Approval of Recommendations for the Drafting of Legislative Acts (Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministro įsakymas dėl teisės aktų projektų rengimo rekomendacijų patvirtinimo), and the Order of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania on the Approval of the Documents Preparation Rules (Lietuvos vyriausiojo archyvaro įsakymas dėl dokumentų rengimo taisyklių patvirtinimo). These legal acts provide for the principles of law, rules of the legal technique and the procedure for preparing documents, which must be followed during the drafting of legal acts. During the analysis, the reasons for possible incorrect use of the quality system of legislation were formed, which are to be checked during the author's research. The author's research analyzed the problematic aspects of the use of the legal framework for the quality system. It has been established that the misuse of this system does not arise from the inadequate system, but due to the qualification of Parliament members, their assistants qualification, distribution of funding among Parliament members and their assistants. Problematic aspects are systemic and must be aimed at eliminating them, thus consolidating the effective use of the system of quality evaluation of legislation among the representatives of the legislative branch. Two major proposals are presented for the improvement of the quality system of legislation: the creation of a methodological "book", i.e. combining the three pieces of legislation that separate the quality system of legislation into one easily accessible form and reorganizing the activities of the Legal Department in the Parliament, creating an initial and secondary evaluation of draft legal acts, thus avoiding common mistakes made by Parliament members and their assistants.

This paper is a continuation of publication of the «Jurisprudence» textbook by Svetlana Vladimirovna Boshno. Law system is a key element of general theory of law. The major fundamentals of its construction are subject matter and method of legal regulation. Of great importance is the division of legal regulation methods into mandative and dispositive ones. The paper articulates the concepts of institute and branch of law demonstrated through various examples. An important classification of branches of law is separation of procedural and substantive, public and private branches of law. Law system and legislation system are considered as interrelated categories that correlate as content and form. A necessary tool for using voluminous legislation is systematization in the following forms: codification, consolidation, incorporation. Codification is considered as a type not only of systematization, but of law-making, too. The reason for this is that in the process of codification, a law-making body makes changes of legislation, as a result of which a new document a statute, is adopted.

Constitutional objections to many of the provisions of the civil service laws have been raised in several of the jurisdictions in which such legislation has been enacted. In addition to the national government there are today ten states which have provided for the application of the merit system to the appointment of all or a portion of the administrative officers and employees. These ten states with the dates of the adoption of the law are as follows: New York, 1883; Massachusetts, 1884; Wisconsin, 1905; New Jersey, 1908; Illinois, 1911; Colorado, 1912; Ohio, California and Connecticut, 1913; and Kansas, 1915. In Illinois and Colorado the employees in the state institutions had been under the merit system for several years prior to the adoption of the general civil service laws.In four of these jurisdictions—California, Colorado, Connecticut and Kansas—there have been no cases involving the constitutionality of civil service legislation. In Colorado there have been at least two bitter controversies in the courts as to the interpretation of the law but in neither case did the parties who fought the law contend that it was unconstitutional. The question of the legality of the adoption of the Colorado law has also been before the courts; but the constitutionality of the provisions of the law has not been attacked. In New Jersey the only case of importance touching the matter of constitutionality is that of the Attorney-General v. McGuinness, but here the decision dealt entirely with the constitutionality of one of the methods prescribed for extending the operation of the law to municipalities.

The article provides a legal analysis of existing rules for criminal liability for property crimes under Australian criminal law (both federal and state). In Chapter 7 of the Criminal Code of 1995 you can find a description of criminal offenses against property. The first of the property offenses of the Criminal Code of 1995 is reflected in section 131 - theft. This crime is committed by a person if the person dishonestly takes possession of property belonging to another, with the intention of permanently depriving another property and if the property belongs to a legal entity of the Commonwealth. Subsection 132 discloses other property offenses, in particular describing in detail: robbery, aggravated robbery, burglary, dishonest possession or retention of property, etc. It is quite interesting to consider the legal framework at the level of the states of the Union. Under Victoria's criminal law, there are a number of property offenses. Under Article 72 of the Crimes Acts of 1958 (Crimes Acts 1958), theft is defined as the dishonest appropriation of property belonging to another in order to permanently deprive another of property. According to Article 197 of the Law on Crimes, a crime with destruction or damage to property intentionally and without legal justification is described. This offense can be committed regardless of whether the property belongs to another person or to the accused. The maximum penalty for such an offense is 10 years in prison The question of burglary is interesting. Under Victoria law, if a person enters a building as an infringer with intent to steal or damage a building or property in a building, he or she is guilty of burglary. This offense is punishable by imprisonment for up to 10 years [5]. The same crime is described in Queensland law as follows: "Any person is subject to a criminal offense who enters or stays in another's home with intent to commit a crime. The maximum penalty is 14 years in prison. It has been proven that property offenses relate primarily to the destruction, ...

published_or_final_version ; Business Administration ; Master ; Master of Business Administration

Multicultural education help students acquire knowledge, learn about attitudes, and skills needed to benefit Effectively in a pluralistic so- ciety and to berinteraksi, negotiate, and berkomunikasi with people from different groups with the aim of creating a civic and moral com- munity attitudes be better. Multicultural education in the implemen- tation, assuming the school and classroom run as a simulation of a real-life arena plural, constantly changing and evolving. Institutional schools and classrooms are alive with starring vehicle for learners and teachers at all educational staff acting as facilitators. Learning dia- logue and enrichment managed as a unique life experience, so that it can grow and experience the collective consciousness of every citizen and students who later Became the basis of political ethics based civic ethics.